RUMANIA SIDES WITH ENTENTE.

North Otago Times, Volume CIV, Issue 13659, 30 August 1916, Page 2

RUMANIA SIDES WITH ENTENTE.

DECLARES WAR ON AUSTRIA i A POPULAR DECISION. WORLD-WIDE CONGRATULATIONS, PROFOUND IMPRESSION IN BERLIN. The High Commissioner Reports:— LONDON, August 28, A Berlin official message states • that Rumania lias declared war on Austria-Hungary. LONDON, August 28. Rum'ania lias declared war on An s tr ia 'Hungary. THE WORLD WAR, ■ / DATES OF DECLARATIONS. The various declarations of war were made as follows: July 28, ' 1914.—Austria-Hungary against Serbia. August 1, 1914,—Germany against Russia. August ;i, ]9l4,—Germany against Prance. August 4, 1914,—Britain against Germany. August 6, 1914.—Austria-Hungary against Russia. August .10, 1914,—Prance against' Austria-Hungary. August 2li, 1914,—Britain against Austria-Hungary. August U3-, 1914—Japan against Germany. ■ October 5, 1914.—Britain against Turkey. May 23, 1915,—Italy against Austria, August 20, 1915—Italy against Turltoy. October 4, 1915.—Allies against Bulgaria, March 9, 1916,—Germany against Portugal. August 28, 1916,—Italy against Germany. August 29, 1916—Rumania against Austria-Hungary.

PROFOUND IMPRESSION IN BERLIN; ■'/• HOSTILE DEMONSTRATIONS. ' (Australian and N.Z. Cable Association,) HAGUE, August 27. The news of the Italian,- ami still more the Rumanian, declaration of war made a more profound impression in Berlin than any event since British intervention in the war. The newspapers bitterly attack Herr von Jagow (Minister, of. Foreign Affairs) and Herr von Zimmerman (Un-der-Secretary to Hie Foreign Office), regarding them as particularly responsible for' the diplomatic defeat, The Rumanian Legatiou is guarded by police, The windows of the Italian Embassy were broken with stones. ■ The Rumanian Ministers will be handed-(heir passports to-day,

TEUTON INTRIGUE FAILS,

RUMANIA PREPARED FOR WAR,

(Australian and N.Z, Cable Association), • PARIS, August 28. ABucliarcst correspondent says that the Austrian and German Legations, supported by some prominent pro-Ger-mans, finding pressure on the Premier, ■ ■ M, Bratiaiio, futile, tried: to provoke ")L dissention between M. '-Brntiano and f the King, but the latter was unresponsive lo this unconstitutional procedure. The concentration of troops was almost completed before the decree announcing the mobilisation was issued.

The authorities are dismissing alien employees, including many Germans, of whom there are a number in the technical service.

AMERICA'S OPINION. STRATEGICAL VALUE OP BUMANIA'S PARTICIPATION. (Australian and N.fl, Cable Association.) NEY YORK, August 28. Military experts state that Rumania has shown that she believes that the Allies have turned the. tide. The limitation of her declaration to Austria may induce _ Bulgaria not'to interfere in Rumania's campaign. The Globe says: Rumania ,has joined the side which she feels is, sure to win. Her fresh troops will be of inestimable value to (he Allies and a dreadful menace to Bulgaria, who may now decide to change sides."

The Journal opines that ..Rumania'3 support is of great strategic value. By closing the Danube Bumania can stop the flow of munitions and supplies through the one great channel of communication from the Central Powers, to the Balkans. Rumania's action is a grave blow to the Central.Powers.

RUMANIA'S DECISION. UNANIMOUSLY FOR WAR. (Australian and N.Z, Cable Association,) BUCHAREST, August 28, The decision to declare war was almost unanimous. As soon as the decision was known in the streets, the crowds' showed intense enthusiasm, They surrounded the councillors as they left the meeting, and all over the city there were demonstrations in favour of the Allies, The Turkish and Bulgarian Ministers have already quitted Bucharest.

SATISFACTION IN EUROPE. DECLARATION EXPECTED, (Australian and N.Z, Cable Association.) LONDON, August 28. Rumania's participation was anticipated in London, For many days numerous signs indicated that'the aV hml.moment was approaching. -v/ The Bulgarian offensive is generally regarded as showing that they were aware of their neighbour's intention, and wanted to forestall an attack. The open threats of German newspapers and anti-Rumanian declarations indicated that fears were felt in German official quarters. Therefore the declaration has not surprised the Entente countries, There is a feeling of great satisfaeion and even „. jubilant tone in the tntentc capitals, where flags, which have been rarely seei , j„ p aris (luring He war period, have been displayed in honour of the great event. HOSTILITIES OPEN.

ENTHUSIASM IN ITALY. THE FATEFUL COUNCIL. • RUMANIA'S CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCH. (Australia!) anil N. 7.. Cabin Association). Home, August 28. There was extraordinary- enthusiasm outside Ihe Rumanian Legation when the special editions announced Rumania's decision.

FIRST THRUST LAUNCHED, IN TUANSYLYANIA. ("The Times" Service.) _ . LONDON, Rumania lias launched hostilities in Iransylvania. LONDON, August 28. A German cominuniipie says: "The Siehenlmrgpii (Transylvania) frontiers ""prison .Rumania." EFFECT ON WHEAT MARKET. ' FRENZIED SCENES IN AMERICA. PALL IN PRICES. (Australian n „,i o. Cnblo Association.) NEW YORK, August 28. '"•ere were frenzied scenes in the wheal pit at Chicago. The bears made a sensational raid based on reports that Ihiiniinia's entrance into the war means Turkey's speedy collapse and the export of Russian wheat through the Dardanelles. Prices fell seven to eight cents. ("Rmiler's Telegrams,") CHICAGO, August 28. Rumania's entry into the war and the chances of a railway strike have smashed the wheat pool.' There has been ut great rush to sell. Prices droppei/ nine cents on opening rates. jr

Lnrjre crowds graded tlic streets for hours cheering Rumania,

According to the Bucharest correspondent of the Message™ the King gave an audience to the German Minister prior to the Council. A dramatic scene ensued. The Minister,' with tears in his eyes, implored the King to maintain neutrality, declaring that a llohcnznllcrn could not make war on a Ilohonzollcrn. The King replied that lie was simply King of Rumania and nmst follow the national will. The fateful Bucharest Council was opened liy the King declaring lha,t he would abide by the derision of the Council. The Chief of the General Staff emphasised the excellent condition of the army. The Genua nophile. members did not raise great objections, declaring that if was was decided on, they would fully support the Government.' There were three dissentients,

ENGLISH CRITIC'S STATEMENT. . RUMANIA'S OPPORTUNE ENTRY, MILITARY POSSIBILITIES DISCUSSED. ("The Times" Service.) Received August 29, 8.45 p.m. LONDON, August 2(1. Colonel Repingtoii, military critic of The Times, says: Ronmnnla's free decision proves that her statesmen expect the Central Powers to be defeated. The help, in the aggregate, of one million trained men and 1500 guns is very /"*}' valuable to us, Rumania has chosen -i the best moment—when Austria is very '■"-hard hit on the Russian and Italian fronts. Forty-five Austrian divisions are on the Russian front and twentyseven to twenty-eight on the Italian, and as the total number is seventy-six divisions, and it is necessary to occupy Serbia and control Albania, it will be difficult to spare troops to reinforce the 50,000 Landsturmers now on the Rumanian frontier, to withstand an attack/Moreover General Lechitsky's stfe-jig,- victorious army on the Hungarianfrontier will' be able to combine o'peratiohs with the Rumaninns.. The t\vo''courses open to the Rumanian staff are :A; A- s 'simultaneous offensive on the western and southern fronts, or a cKofce'- between the abovo offensives. T|e■■fact; that Rumania, is armed with JJa'imliclier rifles and Krupp guns causes some''.disquiet,., but there are plenty Of """riflfes-'in ■ the .-country and the supply of "small arm and artillery, ammunition is'ample for many months. A steady supply is also available from other sources, while it is possible to replenish''the mountain heavy artillelry which is.'Creusots. The fortress artillery is also fairly large and good and should be/able to provide an adequate proportion of heavy guns.

BULGARIAN BOAST, '" 'ENEMY BEADY TO RUSH BUCHAREST. (Australian and N.Z. Cable Association). Received August 29,8.45 p.m. LONDON, August 28. .The Bucharest correspondent of The Morning Post, writing on the 20th, quoted a Bulgarian general who said toat strong German and Turkish divisions on the-Lower Danube were ready to' cross and rush Bucharest, which could easily be reached in five days, ! whereas the Russians would not be able to', assist Rumania under twenty days. It;i|s believed that the Turks originally intended for the north-east front were diverted to Brasso, and Hungarians were sent to Tolda Valley to guard the Constantinople railway. ' PINAL SCENES.

GERMANY'S LAST DESPERATE ■>■] ' EFFORTS. .(Australian and N.Z. Cable Association.) Received August 29, 8.45 p.m. ;'•■' ROME, August 29. .The German Minister's final audience with.the King of Rumania was at the request of his Allied Ministers, who hoped the King would respond to appeals to nationality and kinship with the Kaiser, Received August 29, 8.45 p.m. ;■ AMSTERDAM, August 29. '■Rumania's Note was delivered on Sunday, and announced the state of war at nine o'clock on Sunday night, The Rumanian Minister quits Vienna to-day. Received August 29, 8.45 p.m. LONDON, August 20. 'lA.'Bucharest telegram says that M. Bratiano's brother has been added to the; Cabinet, President Pherekydes has been appointed Foreign Minister. • . FRENCH SATISFACTION. DEFEAT OF GERMAN DIPLOMACY. (Australian and N.Z. Cable Association,) Received August 29,8.45 p.m. PARIS, August 29. Le Temps says: The enemy has already lost the military initiative, and now sees her diplomacy miscarry. Italy and Rumania clearly show the change that has come over the great game, in which the world's future is staked. There are signs of victory on the horizon, ; The Journal des Debats says: The declarations of war will help the Allies tp ? - accomplish ■ their task and convince the' Germans that Providence approves ..not'of her dominion over the world.

CONGRATULATIONS TO RUMANIA. FRANCE APPLAUDS COURAGEOUS DECISION. (Australian and N.Z. Cable .Association.) Received August 29,9,50 p.m. PARIS, August 29, M. Briand telegraphed the following massage to M. Bratiano: "The whole French nation applauds Rumania's courageous decision to take her place among the defenders of right and civilisation, The triumph of our common efforts.will assure a victory which will permit Rumania to realise her national aspirations,"

RUMANIA'S CASUS BELLI. STATESMANLIKE STATEMENT. ("Reuter's Telegrams.") Received August 29,8.15 p.m. LONDON, August 28,, '.Reutes's Geneva correspondent says: , A Vienna telegram states that the Ru- ' mania h Minister delivered the declaration and simultaneously presented a document of grievances, such as the prosecution of acts, of violence against Rumanians in the Dual Monarchy. The Note adds-: The agreements formerly attaching Rumania to the Triple Alliance ceased to exist from the day Germany and Austria-Hungary broke the Alliaiwe by forcing the withdrawal of Italy.from the Treaty. The Note proceeds In formulate the reasons dictating Rumania's entry into the war, Firstly—The anxiety for the Rumanians in Austria-Hungary, who are exposed to Hie risks of war and invasion, Secondly—Rumania, by lier intervention, believes she can shorten the duration of the world war, Thirdly—Rumania takes her place alongside the Powers able to most effectively assist her to realise her national ideal. PAINFUL SHOCK IN VIENNA. REPORT OF FIRST ENCOUNTERS. ("Heuter's Telegrams.") Received August 29, S.l.'i p.m. LONDON, August 28. Rentnr's correspondent at Geneva says: Rumania's decision caused a most painful shock in Vienna. (Australian and N. 7.. Cable Association.) Received August 29, 8,1!! p.m. LONDON, August 28. A Vienna communique says: Rumania, by ii treacherous surprise attack exchanged first shots with our frontier posts on the Hungarian south-eastern and eastern passes. Our advanced guards lit' the Rolhontiirm passes, south-west and south of Brasso, entered into conflict early on Monday, and the first Rumanian prisoners were taken.

RECEPTION OF THE NEWS. ALLIES' JOT. SUDDEN AWAKENING IN CENTRAL EMPIRES. (Australian anil N,/;. Cable Association.) Received August 20, 8,15 p.m. LONDON, August 28. The, news of Rumania's decision readied London first from Berlin via Amsterdam, Confirmatory messages, n few minutes later, came from almost every Entente capital. The news caused general elation. It was too lute to much affect the Stock Exchange, but the market closed very cheerful, especially in foreign stocks awl gilt-edged securities. Wheat prices on the Baltic dropped two shillings. While Germany has every reason to fear Rumania's antagonism, the German public seems surprised 'and disgusted, as the .newspapers at the eleventh hour published correspondents' dispatches from Bucharest, asserting that the danger had passed. The .Viennese press asserted on-Sim-; day that Rumania had refused (he Rus-' sian request to allow the transport of troops, fi' , ■ To-day the Austrian newspapers are published • with large blanks, showing the censor's wholesale excisions.

Orfe result of the declaration of war by .Rumania and Italy to which prominenne is being given hi'Loiidoii-and Paris is the effect on Germany, where it is impossible to longer conceal from the public Rumania's and Italy's view of the future course of the war.

Widespread congratulations arc offered from England and France to M. Filipescu and M. Jonescu, whose pro-En-tente' efforts are fully recognised. A noteworthy revelation is that the Paris newspaper Le Journal, on the 20th received a letter from M. Frlipescu declaring: "We .have not the slightest doubt that the issue will be war. I beg yon henceforth to consider Rumania among the factors contributing to happy conclusions."

GERMANY'S DECLARATION. DISGRACEFUL "BREACH" OF TREATIES, ("Reuter's Telegrams.") Received August 29, 8.15 p.m. LONDON, August 28, A German official message, prefacing the declaration against Rumania, states: Rumania has declared war against mi ally, after disgracefully breaking treaties concluded with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

HISTORIC STROKE OF JUSTICE, FINAL ENCLOSURE OF GERMANY. STRATEGIC .IMPORTANCE OF RUMANIAN INTERVENTION. ("Renter's Telegrams,") Received August 29, 1.40 p.m. ' LONDON, August 29. Rumania's declaration evoked jubilant comments in Paris Rome, where, it is described as the historic stroke of justice, marking the beginning of a phase of great tribulation for the enemy. One of the most important consequences will be the final enclosure of Germany in a formidable blockade, supplemented by concentric advances on alj military fronts, Some point out that tin war has returned with the, greatest intensity to the Balkans, where it originated, and where perhaps it will find a solution, The wisdom of the Allies in holding Salonika is now recognised as.a stroke of genius. It is not doubted that Greece will also be bound to come in.

An Austrian report of the fighting shows that Hungarian Transylvania is Rumania's immediate objective. Rumania is here confronted with the Carpathians—a barrier of one hundred miles broad. The conquest may not be rapid, but the operations wiil immediately improve the strategic situation, as the Russians left in Bukowina is now United with the Rumanian right, while the Teutonic right flank is now "completely in the air." Hitherto it rested on the Rumanian frontier, near the sontli-west corner of Bukowina, and must now be prolonged four, hundred miles along the Carpathians to the Danube at Vorciovovti. It has been re«' ported that a large Russian force is concentrating on the Danube close to the Rumanian frontier. The Iron Gate may again be the scene of a struggle as in the time of the Romans. Apart from the prospect of a wholesale invasion of Hungary, the Russians are now able to match into Bulgaria through Rumania, utilising as a base, Odessa, In this connection an interesting statement comes from Petrograd that Russia has armed and trained very considerable forces of former Austro-Hungarian subjects fur mm Jii the Balkans, 'officered partly by their own and partly by Serbian officers, who have taken the oath of allegiance to the Tsar.

WHAT INTERVENTION MEANS RUMANIAN STATESMAN INTERVIEWED. ("Renter's Telegrams.") Received August 29, 11.40 p.m. NEW YORK, August 29. . Tha New York-American's Bucharest correspondent interviewed. M. Take Joneseu (the leading Interventionist), who says: Only a great German victory could have checked Rumania's intervention. Our entry will shorten the war by at least six months. The most valuable reward will be Transylvania, where Hungary will lose a quarter of Iter territory. Our intervention hastens Bulgaria's doom, cuts off Turkey, and expedites the fall of Constantinople and the opening of the Dardanelles.

LONDON WHEAT MARKET. REPORTED COLLAPSE. (Australian and N.Z. Cnlile Association,) Received August 20, 8.15 p.m. LONDON, August 28. Wheat parcels collapsed four shillings at close, on renewed talk of the prospects of opening the Dardanelles, combined with increased shipments. Cargoes arc quiet; little offering. MOST PROPITIOUS EVENT. AMERICAN STATE OPINION. (Australian and N.Z. Cable Association). Received August .'lO, I.HO a.m. J,. WASHINGTON, August 20. Rumania's entry is regarded in State circles as the most propitious event for tliu Allies since the Battle of the Maine. THOROUGHLY EQUIPPED FOR WAR, fIKHMANY'S PETROL SUPPLIES STOPPED. (Australian and N.Z. Cnlile Association.) Received August ,10, 1.30 a.m. NEW YORK, August 20. Mr MaeC'sillinn, manager of the largest oil company in Rumania, in an interview says: The factories in Rumania, nave been working day and night for months, making munitions, The country is .now thoroughly equipped, ThoOntrnl Powers have been depending largely on Rumania for great petrol supplies, of which they will now be deprived.