COMETS AND THEIR TAILS.

North Otago Times, 3 September 1910, Page 1 (Supplement)

COMETS AND THEIR TAILS.

• Although scientists have not yet discovered exactly what a comet consists of, their observations hijvehed to some remarkable revelations.. A comet may bei described 'as a definite point of nucleus, surrounded by. light, with a luminous train preceding or following, The general opinion of astronomers seems to be that the point.is possibly solid, or at any rate condensed, the tail consisting of minute particles floating -in' a gaseous envelope, and the whole being whirled round the sun at a rato which in some cases reaches as much as 370 miles a second. AMAZING TAILS. . ' The comet of 1910; which we have all seen, is a small one bb compared with others which have been observed in "previous years. The tail is said to be close on 26,000 miles in length, but in- 1882—the last occasion on which a bright, naked-eye comet was Been—lt was estimated that tthat comet had a tail which extended in apace to the vast distance of 200,000,000 miles from 'the head, though, owing to foreshortening, 'it did not appear to be' that extraordinary length. The tail was strongly forked, and a singular and.puzzling feature of the comet was that a small cone, or envelope, computed to be 4,000,000 miles in length, also extended towards the aun. •• Sir ff. H, M. Christie, the Astron-tomer-Royal, has collected some striking facts with regard to comet's tails. He says that.the tail of the comet of 1861 was' 40,000,000 miles long; 'that of 1680 had a tail of GO/OOO.OOO; that of 1811, which was visible for seventeen months, over 100,000,000; while _the visitor of 1843 showed a tail in tlio evening twillg-ht of Gsdeg., or about 200,000,000 miles in length—which exceeds the diameter of the earth's orbit. Not the least amazing feature of these foodies is their wonderful velocity when near the sun. The comet which Newton saw in 1680 was travelling at the rate of 250 mileß a second, and that of 1843 at 370 miles a second. The earth in its orbit moveß at 18J miles per second. I NO DANGER FROM' THEM. Apropos of the assertion frequent* ,ly made, that should one of these : comets touch the earth it would mean the end of the world, it appears that atoeady we have passed through two comet's tails. Sir W. Christie thinks that in 1861 we passed through the outer part of a comet, particles of which appeared as a shower of falling stars; while other scientists also affirm that we have come into contact with comets, and that there is not the slightest need to worry or ' insure against them in view of damage.