MEXICO. PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, Volume XVII, Issue 77, 25 September 1858, Page 4

MEXICO. PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION.

[From the New York Herald.]

The advices from the Cuernavaca district confirm the sad reports which had before reached us. Although we have positive assurance that Spaniards have been assassinated in the most brutal manner, still we are at a loss to understand the motive for such barbarous acts.

The Zuloaga government has issued a decree abolishing all State and Territorial governments and centralizing the administrative power in the general government.

The Constitutional President ad interim of Mexico, Benito Juarez, in a manifesto dated from Guadalajara, and to the nation in general, makes known that at the moment when he and his miuisters were preparing the official report of the consequences of the battle of Salamanca, they were suddenly seized by the guard of the palace, under the directions of Los Landa and Moret, and kept duriug three days as prisoners in close confinement, until on the loth they were transferred to the residence of the French Oonsul, where they remained, conformably to the conventions made between the Governor of Jalisco and the chiefs of the forces occupying the place of the same government. The rest of the manifesto is filled with expressions of the deepest gratitude for the zeal and attachment shown on this occasion by the inhabitants of Guadalajara, and with a glowing appeal to the Mexicans to persevere with courage in their struggle against the enemies of liberty and enlightened democracy. The Sociedad speaks of a war of castes in the State of Sonora. That journal thinks the Government should do something at once to relieve the white population of that state from the fear of extermination. We do not, however, conceive it possible for Mexico to save her people in Sonora from the impending ruin that awaits them. The Indians must overrun that State, and soon again must they give way before the march of the squatter, who is now to be found every mile along the entire boundary Hue. Sonora is like Yucatan in her white population ; they are always quarrelling amongst themselves and in the meantime the Indians plunder them all. The debts of Mexico, says the Extraordinary, are enormous. On a previous occasion we have added up one hundred and twenty-nine millions of dollars. This did not include the floating debt nor the unacknowledged claims of all kinds.

The war of races seems to be making frightful headway in Yucatan. The Indians of that region appear to be a determined set of savages, and their war cry is terrible to the civilized inhabitants. We have now news of their sacking three more towns. The account says that nearly all of the inhabitants were slaughtered, but does not give the exact number. A few months since four hundred people were murdered in one village. The number of victims to Indian vengeance must soon be very great in that distracted State, y The arrival of Santa Anna at *St. Thomas has been announced here, and his movements and those of his partisans are what are most feared by the government. Common rumour has it that the liberals are lending themselves to favour his return, but I do not find such to be the case among the leaders of that party with whom I have come in contact here. It is the opinion among well informed men in this city that Santa Anna will not return to the country until he is invited without opposition, and that such an event is not probable in the present juncture. Among the common people it is the very general expression, that if Santa Anna does return he will never leave the country alive. These vaticinations are all very well, but I find that Santa Anna is looked upon by all parties as the only man who has sufficient strength to govern the country, whether well or ill, and who can keep the roads clear of robbers and the army from pronouncing. At the present time the country is filled with parties which, under the name of guerrillas, are making their harvest wherever they can find it. It is the existing belief that the government of President Zuloaga will never be able to put them down, and that the republic will not see internal peace for a very long time to come; in fact, until a foreign intervention establishes a new order of things. There is a small party working here for the purpose of bringing about a European intervention. Their dream is a European prince, supported by ten or twenty thousand Spanish bayonets, and the money and moral countenance of Louis Napoleon. This is said to be a favourite idea with the French minister here, and their views are now turned to one of the children of Maria Christina, dowager Queen of Spain, by the Duke of Rianzares, her present husband. Some of the clergy and a small remnant of the aristocracy entertain this scheme, but it does not extend beyond them, and they are both brainless and powerless. The filibuster question seems to have dropped out of mind for the present. A report was circulated last evening that Walker had crossed the Rio Grande at Matamoros, but it is not believed. From Vidaurri there is no news. His forces are said to be in the vicinity of San Luis Potosi, and advancing, but the story wants corroboration.

The Governor of the State of Durango has issued a proclamation to the effect that he is disposed to recognise and obey either party that triumphs. Reports from Sonora state that the civil war between the Gandaras and Pesqueira is atill raging, and one account says that Don Jesus Gandaras was killed in a recent conflict. His brother still lives to carry on the war.

I can only repeat what I have already stated in other letters — this republic has fallen to pieces, and the fact will soon become visible to the world, unless some means are found for reconstituting it. Sonora will, perhaps, be sold, with part of Chihuahua, to the United States. Vidaurri, if he can make an arrangement with Garza about the division of the revenue from the Custom-houses, may establish the Sierra Madre Republic. Yucatan will before long be in poseession of the Indians. What is to become of the rest is a question for cabinets, English bondholders, American claimants, and. other creditors. It is full time that the Government of the United States awtfke to the necessity of having a definite policy in view of the proximate future. ,