HOW TO RUN A DAIRY FARM.

Manawatu Times, Volume LXV, Issue 1349, 22 June 1911, Page 6

HOW TO RUN A DAIRY FARM.

NEW CONDITIONS TO FACE. THE CURSE OF THE "SWAPPER." Mr J. B. V v eale, of Woodvllle, read a paper on "The dairy farm and liow to run it." bsfore the Dairy Conference yesterday. Dairymen, he eaid.liari more and mere to learn of what snccesiful dairy fanning really meant. The man who thought ho knew everything about it was not generally the man who rose to the possibilities and the man whose sole object in get tins a dairy farm was to s 11 it without delay to Bomione elso at an eobaaoed price was beooining one of the greatest curses of the industry. This practice must step and closer attention most be given t3 details and to more systematic work. THINGS TO LEARN. Milking was not the only thing to learn. For some years past dairy farms had been sailing at increased valoea without having Incraasarl in currying capaoity; in fact, the style of farming generally adopted had rapidly daoreasad that caDacity, so that many had been successful' not for what was made out of the farm produce, out from the pockets ol the other fellow. The position had baooine so aonte t!iat a bbuoub problem had to be solved. The dairy farm must now db farmed properly. The actual t;st of socoesstul dairying wps the nee return per aore aftei allowing, say, 5 per cent, on th< oapital value of the land, stock etc., and the value on the laboui aud outgoings expended in produc ing the return, when there was i surplus or defioienoy on theft figure?,- ttieu only could the farmei Bay that he had had a profitable yea: or otherwise. Dairy farming was i bnsimsi entirely apart from lam jobbing and therefore, must be baaet upon the producing qualities of tin land aud cows, These returns wer dapable of being made uiuoh greate bv systematio dairy farming than b; raerelv miking oows.. There wer very many farmers whose method were [sound but there, was a ver large: number whose methods wer crude aud impractical and who wer a drawback to the dairying industry Unlimited expenditure could realis more speedy result* than could b obtained by the man wiio had to g' slowly, but anyone who worked 01 approved lines could go ou increas ing his inooma nutil he seoored tlv best results after many years of sys tematio inirniug, breeding aud oul ling. THE HERD. . The flrsl important thing ws tin herd aud to get this the farme mutt follow approved lines o breeding ascertain the individua qualities of the oows, and, by keep ing nothing but purebred bulla o: known merit, each your aim for bet tar things. Tneeo called dual pur nose cow was a big fallacy and tin sooner it was recognised as such thi better. Tbe bpst herds for ordinarj farmeis were Jersey. Holftsin-fc'rits iau and Ayishire. The' Jersey wai bfsfc for butter making and the tw< latter hail possibly graatsr merits it cheese making from a commeroia! sanupoiut. The great point wai to select the breed aud if possiblt stick to it, buyiug nothing but tin best to head the herd, and by keeping the female progeny from oowf showing the most consistent resultby the Boals aud Babocck test the inonme would be found getting gradually bettar. _ HYGIENE AND PROVENDER. ' . The health of the oows should receive careful attentiou and simple remedies such as drenches and lotions shou-'d be kept rn every farm. The mtst trying months were July, August, September, and November, and then the cows needed oonstint watching. The necessary provender for wiutar must not be loEt sight of. In this connection, intense cultivation paid and farmers should - woik all their hud we!!. Til? KSwss'ol dairy farmer usually niadYa sti'Oug poiutof by-prodects aud hU own experience based on years averge returrs was that the suiplus I oafctie gold encii year and the net profit on pigs should amount to 40 per oent. of the viluo of the buta tat at tenpence per ponud. PROPER BOOKS. gffl The final point was the most urgent and yet the most neglected part of the farming operations was the keepiug of a systematic sat of books. After a brief discussion and several questions had been anaweredl Mr Veale was aooorded a hearty vote of thanks.