FARMING AND COMMERCIAL

Manawatu Standard, Volume L, Issue 254, 22 September 1930, Page 5

FARMING AND COMMERCIAL

HOW TO REAR CALVES WELL.

(Continued.)

FOR the GUIDANCE OF AGRICULTURAL CLUB MEMBERS. (Prepared by the Department of Agriculture.) At this, time of the year, most of the competitors will have calves of <.uch an age that in the feeding of tiiem whole milk will be partially or wholly replaced by skim milk or whey. In practice, careful dairy farmers have shown definitely that calves fed properly on skim milk supplemented by suitable other feeds develop into a# pood cows as those fed on whole milk until weaning time.. It has to be kept in mind that, apart from oost, whole milk is the ideal food for young animals. Skim milk differs from whole milk only in having most of the fat removed. Hence, any substance fed with skim milk should, if possible, be of such a nature, that, together with the skim milk, it gives a feed similar in feeding influence to whole milk. Feeds rich in fats or oil, such as whole linseed, or those rich in starch, such as cereal grains, will do this. On the other hand other substances such as linseed meal, from which the oil has been removed, and bran, when mixed with skim milk do not give a feed similar in nature to whole milk. Unless feeds rich in oil sire fed carefully they are apt to produce indigestion and scours.

In comparison with whole milk, whey is poor, not only in fat, but also in material known as protein (the flesh, muscle and nerve-forming substance). Hence to make a good calf food, using whey as. the basis, materials must be used which are suited both to replace the fat and to increase the proportion of protein. With whey, as in the case of skim milk, grains will suitably replace the fat, while linseed cake or bran are instances of materials which may be used to provide the protein which is in inadequate proportions in the whey. While it is more difficult to raise calves satisfactorily on whey than it is on skim milk, it is possible to produce whey-fed calves which are thrifty and healthy. In feeding whey the point of importance is that instead of being a protein-rich food, like, skim milk, it is relatively poor in this nutrient. Instead of or in addition to the cereal grains, feeds high in protein should therefore be fed with it.

The change from whole milk to skim milk or whey should always be made gradually. No fixed rules based upon age can be given because the size and vigour of the calf should alw r ays be considered. Calves especially strong at birth may be put on skim milk at two weeks of age, but this should not be attempted with weak ones. Usually one may commence with a little skim milk each day when the calf is two weeks old and gradually increase it in such a way that the calf is receiving only skim milk when it is four weeks old. The change from whole milk to w hey should be made in a similarly gradual way. CALF DISEASES. Scours is the most common disease of calves. Great care should be taken to prevent its occurrence, as it always hinders the growth of the animal and at times is difficult to cure. The disease is the result of disturbance of the digestive organs of the calf and may be caused in a number of different ways, the mort important of which are: Irregular intervals between, feeding,, oyer feeding, sudden changes in the warmth or in the composition of feeds, feeding dirty milk, the use of dirty feeding utensils, dirty quarters. . As soon as scours is discovered, the disordered animal should be saparated from tho others. Its feed should be reduced immediately or in severe attacks it should be given nothing to cat for six hours and then it . should be fed on new whole milk again (sav three pints daily fed in quantities of

one pint each time at suitable intervals). Often a small dose of castor . ° ne dessert spoonful of castor oil P 1 a little new warm milk — 1 ? °f value. Apart from that one should. avoid the use of medicine. In severe cases, lime water is particularly good given at the rate of two tablespoonfuls of lime water to one pint of new milk. As the attack of disease disappears the calf should be given a gradually increasing quantity of new milk until it returns to tne normal quantity, and then gradually, the new milk should be replaced with the skim milk or whey, etc., that were being given prior to the attack of the disease.

Calves should not be kept in paddocks where pigs or diseased cattlo have been running. Veterinarians at times find severe tubercular infection because of the ignoring of this precaution against disease. The grass growth on the paddock reserved for calves should be kept short and fresh. Short, leafy grass is rich in mineral matter and in proteins, both of which are required for the building of the body of the young animal. It is also relatively easy to digest. In these three respects it is much more suited to the needs of the young animal than is pasture herbage which has reached the flowering stage. Free use of lime is generally advisable on grassland which is to bo used by calves. The calf paddock should be kept free from all rubbish such as branches of trees and hedges, garden rubbish, old sacking and clothing and metallic refuse, especially paint tins. Some of this may be poisonous, some of it is objectionable because it is fibrous, and, when consumed even in comparatively small quantities, it is apt to set up digestive disorders. In view of the fact that fibrous pasture herbage needs to be avoided, it can readily be understood that much more fibrous rubbish. is capable of producing serious setbacks when consumed by calves.

It is scarcely possible to overemphasise the fact that feeding is the foundation of constitution in live stook. 'Without, proper . feeding a strong constitution is improbable; without a strong constitution an animal is likely to he subject much more to attacks of both internal and external parasites than would an animal under similar circumstances if possessed of a strong constitution. STOCK MARKET. FEILDING SALE. Levin and Coy., Ltd, report the following prices at the Feilding sale on 19th. September, 1930; —Fat hoggets, 25s 6d, 26s 6d; fat ewes, 235, 24s 2d, 255, 27s 6d; fat wethers, 253 8d; ewes with lambs, 27s 6d; wether hoggets, 17s Id; b.f. hoggets, 14s 6d; springing heifers, £8 10s, £10; springing cows, £lO 10s; fat cows, £B, £8 15s; fat bullocks, £l2 ss, £l2 10s, £l3, £ls 10s, £l6. \ THE MONEY MARKET. BANK OF ENGLAND RETURNS. INCREASE IN BULLION.

LONDON, Sept. 17. The Bank of England returns for the week ended September 17, as compared with those for the week ended September 11, are as follow: — Sept. 17. Sept. 11. £ £

The Bank of England discount rate is 3 per cent, to which it was reduced from 34 per cent, or May 1. , SHORT LOANS AND BILLS. Short loans, 2 per cent., the same as last week, and three months’ bills, 2 3-32 per cent., compare with 24 per cent. last I week.

DAIRY PRODUCE

THE LONDON MARKETS. A STEADY TONE. An improvement of 2s per cwt. in the price of butter on the London market as compared with the previous week is reported in the week-end cables. The market is steady and retail prices are unchanged. The price of cheese has advanced by 4s per cwt. for white and 2s for coloured. The cheese market is reported firm, with a good demand. The market report received by the New Zealand Produce Board from its London office as at close of business on Friday is as follows: BUTTER.

New Zealand, 127 s to 130 s, exceptionally choice, 132 s (124 sto 128 s; September 20, 1929, 176 to 182 s); unsalted, 146 s to 150 s (146 sto 150 s; September 20, 1929, 176 sto 180 s; first whey, 120 s (118 s); second whey, 118 s (116 s). Australian, salted, 125 s to 128 s (123 s to 1265); unsalted, 128 sto 134 s (128 sto 1345). Argentine, unsalted, 120 s to 124 s (120 s to 1245). Irish cream, salted, 133 s (128 s); unsalted, 137 s (1325). Danish, 143 s f.0.b., 150 s to 152 s spot (148 s; 1545). Dutch unsalted, 150 s to 154 s ( —). Esthonian, 128 s to 130 s (128 s to 130). Latvian, salted, 28s to 132 s (128 sto 1303); unsalted, 128 s to ISOs ( —). Silberian, 122 s (1203- to 1225). Polish, 106 s to 116 s (106 s to Il6s). Lithuanian, 126 s to 1283 (126 s to 128 s). CHEESE. New Zealand, white, 75s to 76s (71s to 725; September 20, 1929, 935); coloured, 74s to 755); exceptionally choice 76s (72s to 745; September 20, 1929, 93s to 945). Canadian, white, 77s to 80s (76s to 78s); coloured, 78s to 80s (78s to 80s); c.i.f., 77s English, finest farmers, 100 s to 106 s (100 s to 106 s). DELIVERIES AND STOCKS. Deliveries of New Zealand butter for the week were 1895 tons as compared with 900 tons a year ago. The quantity in store was 8820 tons, as against 6500 tons a year ago. Deliveries of New Zealand cheese for the week were 28,573 crates. The quantity in store was 110,647 crates, as comparedw with 87,134 crates a year ago. The position of recently-arrived New Zealand shipments is aB follows: The Femdale completed discharge of her cheese on September 11 and of her butter on September 15. Port Fremantle finished unloading butter September 13, and Port Pirie September 15. Deliveries of Canadian cheese for the week were 8793 boxes. The quantity in store was 193,007 boxes, as against 122,072 boxes a year ago. _ Two shipments of dairy produce, totalling 68,519 boxes of butter and 10,745 crates of cheese left New Zealand last week for London. The Rangitiki, which sailed from Auckland on Wednesday, took 53,852 boxes of butter and 7244 crates of cheese. The Mamilius, which left Wellington on Thursday, took 14,667 boxes of butter and 3501 crates of cheese. NATIONAL JERSEY SALE. LOCAL PURCHASES. At the National Jersey sale, which concluded at Hamilton on Friday, the following purchases of interest to the Manawatu district were made: Middlewood’s Juggle, July 17, 1929, to F. W. Mitchell, Feilding, 57gns; Daisy’s Volunteer, July 22, 1929; Mr Lurcher, Longburn, 63gns. LONDON WOOL SALES. LONDON, Sept. 19. At the London wool sales to-day, the “Gerald” clip of finest scoured sold at 274 d, and combings made 21d. The top price for halfbreds was 14d for the New Zealand “Fighting Hall” clip. The highest price for New Zealand halfbred lambs was 124 d. WHEAT INDUSTRY. PRICES IN AUSTRALIA. ADELAIDE, Sept. 20. A deputation representing the wheatgrowers asked tne State Premier, Mr Hill, to co-operate with the other State Governments in an endeavour to try and stave off the crash in wheat prices. One speaker contended that on the existing prices it would not be profitable to take off the crops. Mr Hill agreed to the course suggested. NEW YORK CALL RATES. NEW YORK, Sept. 18. Call rates have ruled all day at 2 per cent. METALS MARKET. LONDON, Sept. 18. Metal exchange quotations are as follow, those previously cabled being given for

purposes of comparison : Sept. 15. Sept. 18.

BRADFORD MARKET. LONDON, Sept. 18. The Bradford tops market is very flat, and prices have an easier tendency. To-day’s quotations compare as follow with those previously cabled: — Aug 28 Sept 4,Sept 11 Sept. 18 Per lb Per 16 Per lb Per lb

FROZEN MEAT.. LONDON, Sept. 20. Australian sheep.—First quality crossbreds and/or Merino wethers, 401 b. to 65 lb., 4id; second quality, 301 b. to 551 b., 4|d; ewes, 301 b. to 551 b., 3|d Argentine sheep.—First quality crossbred wethers, 481 b. to 641 b., sd; 651 b. to 721 b., 4id; over 721 b., 4d. Patagonian sheep.—Wethers and/or maiden ewes, under 501 b., 4 5-8 d; 501 b to 601 b., 4id; ewes, 401 b to 501 b, 3 3-4 d. Australian lambs. —Victorian and other States, second quality, none offering; all States, third quality, 6id. Patagonian Lambs.—First quality, none offering; second quality, average 301b5., 6*d. RAW MATERIALS. LONDON, Sept. 20. Friday’s closing prices for the following raw materials were as follow, those for September 13 being given in parentheses: Cutton.—Liverpool quotation, American middling upland,. October delivery, 5.87 d per lb. (5.39 d). Rubber. —Para, 5 3-4 d ■ (6d); • plantation, smoked, 4d (same). . Jute. —September-October shipment, £l6 per ton (£ls 7s 6d).Hemp.—None offering. Copra.— October - November shipment, South Sea, £l6 per tori (£l6 17s 6d); plantation Rabaul, £l6 per ton (£l6 10s). Linseed oil: £3l 10s per ton (same). Turpentine: 36s 3d per cwt. (36s Dd). . Osmiridium.—Prioes unchanged.

WELLINGTON STOCK EXCHANGE,

LAST WEEK’S BUSINESS AND PRICES

Last week the share market disolosed some interesting featuros. The demand for Government stoeks and bonds eased otf, but values remained firm. The demand slackened because investors in such soruritios were unable to satisfy their requirement, owing to tho scarcity of sellers, and under the circumstances tno debentures of local bodies and private companies received moro attention. Another feature of the market was the downward tendency of share vaiuos. Tho volume of sales was small, smaller oven than in the previous week. Stocks, bonds, and debentures sold well with prices very steady. There was little busines done in Government securities, and the course of sales of gift and semi-gilt-edgod securities was as follows: —44 P-°. N.Z. Government stocks (1958), £lou 6s, £l6O 2s 6d. bi p.c. N.Z. Government stock (1633), £99 los. 54 p.c. N.Z. Government stock (1966), £9B Vs bd. Auckland City 6* p.c. (1940), £96 2s fad, £96. Wellington Harbour Board 54 p.c. (1940), £9B 10®Auckland Harbour Board (1931), *>lUvTimaru Borough 5 p.c. (1935), £96 2s Oil. N.Z. Refrigerating Goy. 64 p.c. (1935), £9O. Gisborne faneep n armors’ Goy. debentures, £BS. . . , , A modorate business was done in bank shares, and tho tendency was for prices to recedo. There was heavy trading m Bank of New South Wales shares and prices dropped from £3l 15s down to £3O 7s bd, recovering to £3l. In the provious week they sold up to £33 10s. Commercial Bank of Australia sold at 18s 5d down to 16s lid. These shares aro 10s each fully paid, lheie is a very largo number of shares, and they are widely held. The course of sales during tho past wook shows the movements as under:—Australian Bank of Commerce, 20s, 19s lid, 19s 9d. Commercial Bank of Australia, ordinary, 18s 4d, 18s sd, 18s 3d, 18s, 17s 6d, 17s 2d, 17s, 16s lid. Commercial Bank of Australia, preference, £6 7s. Bank of Now Zealand, 55s 10d, 55s 9d, 55s 6d, 555, 6d, 55s 6d. Bank of New Zealand long forms, 27s 3d. National Bank of New Zealand £5 13s £5 13s £5 11s 6d £5 ,1s 6d. Bank of New South Wales, £3l 15s, £3l 2« 6d, £3l 2s 6d, £3l, £3O 15 s £3O 7s 6d, £3O 15s, £3l, £3O 12s 6d, £3O 15s, £3l £3l, £3l 2s 6d, £3l, £3l, £2O 17s 6d, £3l. Union Bank, £lO, £lO, National Bank of Australasia, £lO pad, £l4 fs 6d. National Bank of Australasia, £5 paid, £6, £6 2s 6d, £6. English, Scottish, and 5s for a similar salo in the previous wook. With respect to the Bank of New South Wales, a parcel of shares on the _ Sydney register sold at £3l, as compared with £32 5s for a smilar sale in tho previous week, Insurance shares were steady. National Insurance sold at 13s lid; New Zealand Insurance at 41s, and South British Insurance at 57s 3d and 575. A big business developed in Dalgety and Coy. and it seems that shares in a deceased or assigned estato must have come on tho market for prompt liquidation, for the shares changed hands at £9, £9 0s 6d, £8 18s 6d, £8 18s 3d, £9, and £8 19s. Goldsbrough, Mort, and Coy, sold at 225; N.Z. Guarantee Corporation, ordinary at 7s lOd and 7s lid; and United Building at 16s 6d. Wellington Meat Ex» port, ordinary, were transferred at 6s fad, but that was before an announcement by the directors of pending improvements ill marketing had reached shareholders. Westport Coal sold at 30s, and Taupin Coal at 20s 3d. Christchurch Gas changed hands at 24s lid, and Feilding Gas at 3s lor £1 shares fully paid. There was a sale ot National Timber at 8s 6d New Zealand Breweries were fairly active, but prices cased. Sales were made at 483 7d, 48s 6d, 48s, 47s 6d, and 47s 9d. Tooth a Brewery were steady with sales at 235, British Tobacco were well supported and E rices showed insignificant . fluctuations, uyers showing no nositaton in taking tho shares at 32s cum. dividend. Colonial Sugar changed hands at £3os lOd, and £3O 12s 6d; Electrolytic Zino, preference, at 20s and 19s 10d- Wilson’s Cement at 40s 9d; Robinson Ice Cream at 225; Sharland and Coy. preference, at 18s 9d; Beath and Coy. at 26«; New Zealand Farmers’ Co-op., 10s paid, at 3d, and Allied Motors, 10s shares fully paid, A good business was done in Mount Lvell, but prices eased Sales were reported at 20s 9d, 20s sd. 20s 2d, 20s, and 19s lid. Waihi Mining shares were rather steady with sales at 14s lOd, 14s lid, and 15s. SATURDAY’S QUOTATIONS.

SATURDAY’S SALES. The following sales were recorded on the stock exchangee of the Dominion on Saturday : Wellington.—Nil. Auckland.—Nil. , ' Christchuroh.—Australian Bank of Commerce, 18s lOd; N.Z. Refrigerating, £1 paid, 8s 6d; do., 10s paid, 3sj . looth s Brewery, £1 2s 7d, £1 2s 6d; Allied Motors, 6d; Mahakipawa (3), sd. Sales reported: Union Bank of Australia (2), £9 15s 6d; British Tobacco, cum. div., £1 12s; Mount Lyell, £1 0s Id; N.Z. Refrigerating, £1 paid, 8s 6d. Dunedin. —Nil.

CONSOLS AND COLONIAL STOCKS,

The following table gives current quotations for consols and colonial inscribed stocks, compared with those of September

Note circulation ... 357,767,000 361,326,000 161,978,000 161,035,000 54,220,000 Notes in reserve ... 58,652,000 Govt, deposits 8,933; 000 9,013,000 Other deposits 99,093,000 101,303,000 Govt, securities ... 38,766,000 45,911,000 Other securites 27,786,000 27,411,000 Proportion of reserve to liabilities 55.30 50.0

Per ton. Per ton. Copper — a s. d. £ 8. d. Standard, spot ... 47 0 7i 46 3 Standard, forward 46 18 9 46 4 Electrolytic 50 0 0 49 0 0 to 51 10 0 51 0 0 Wire bars 61 10 0 51 0 0 Lead — Spot 18 3 9 17 12 6 Forward , 18 2 6 17 10 0 Spelter— Spot 15 18 9 15 18 9 Forward 16 7 6 16 2 6 Tin— Spot 133 18 9 134 1 3 Forward 135 8 9 135 13 9 8ilver — Standard, per oz . 1613-16d 17d Fine per oz . . 18 l-8d 18 3-8d

d. d. d. d. Sixty-fours .. 28 28 28 27 Sixties 26 26 25 Fifty-sixes .. 204 20 20 19 Fifties ... 161 164 164 15 Forty-sixes . .. 144 144 144 14 Forties • 14* 144 144 14

Buvincr and selling quotations j a,t Saturday morning’s call on the Wellington btooK Exchange were aa follow Buyer*. Seller*. N.Z. GOVT. LOANS— £ a. d. £ B. Cl. p.c. Insc. Stk., 1938 — 0 100 5 0 5 A p.c. ditto, 1933 99 10 . 4A p.c. bonds, 1938 DEBENTURES— 99 17 6 100 b 0 Well. Racing Club ...10b <4 6 N.Z. Breweries, bonds BANKS— 1 1 6 0 Australasia 0 ■ — English, Scottish and 5 12 National of N.Z 5 11 0 5 12 9 National of Australasia (£10) — 12 10 0 New South Wales ... 30 15 0 31 5 0 Union of Australia ..... . 9 14 0 9 18 6 FINANCIAL— Goldsbrough Mort .... — 1 1 N.Z. Guarantee Corp. (ord.) 0 7 8 0 8 0 Ditto (pref.) N.Z. Invest., Mtg. and 1 0 0 10 6 19 9 Deposit Well. Trust and Loan 6 0 — GAS— Christchurch 1 4 6 "T Wellington (ord.) — INSURANCE— 0 14 — 2 18 0 MEAT PRESERVING— 1 17 0 N.Z. Refrigerat. (£1) — 0 10 0 ► 0 3 0 0 3 Well. Meat Ex. (ord.) 0 9 3 0 10 6 TRANSPORT— ' +1 13 Huddart-Parker (ord.) — Union Steam (pref.) ... COAL— 1 0 0 0 10 TIMBER— 0 10 Leyland-O’Brion BREWERIES— — 0 1 6 0 New Zealand 2 7 MISCELLANEOUS— 1 11 *1 12 British Tobacco (ord.) 6 Colonial Sugar 29 0 0 Dental and Medical ... — 9 0 12 Dominion Investments *1 2 — Howard Smith (ord.) — 0 13 7 National Electric — Newton King (pref.) Sharland and Go. 0 13 6 (pref.) Taranaki Oil 0 lb 0 0 1 10 — Wilson’s Cement. — 2 1 3 mining— 1 0 Mount Lyell * — 0 15 •Cum dividend. +Ex dividend.

,11:— Price. Variation £ s. d. s. d. Consols, 2k 55 2 6 Same Fund. Loan, 4, 1960-90 92 0 0 5 0* British 5, War Loan ... 104 0 0 Same Conversion Loan, 3£ ... 78 0 0 Sauna Victory Bonds 95 2 6 2 6* Coni’wealth, 6, 1945-47 85 15 " 75 0* Cbm.’wealth, 6, 1931-41 96 2 6 25 0* New Zealand, 4, 1929 . 94 0 0 7 6* New Zealand, 1940 ., 88 5 0 21 9*. New Zealand, 3, 1945 ... 80 2 6 5 0* New Zealand, 6, 1936-51 104 11 3 6 3* 'Lower,