WHY SEA WATER IS SALT.

Hawke's Bay Herald, Volume XXII, Issue 7621, 20 December 1886, Page 4

WHY SEA WATER IS SALT.

.It may sound. strange to cay that the , witness of the sea is owing to the fresh . water 1 it receives from rivers, but such n the fact. Constantly fed by water con- ', waning earthly salts, though in quantities V. imperceptible to the, taste, ana as con.it&ntlv losing pure water by evaporation, ",' <he salts accumulate more or less rapidly Bs;.'one or other factor is in excess of the . •ther. 1 1 Hence the greater saltness of the Mediterranean over the Baltic, and of the - Caspian and the Dead Sea over those .' . *hich communicate with the ocean. In- .. deed, the ; fact of lakes receiving such Jiyeia.as the Volga without nn overflow •hows how active must be the evapora- - Uaa from their surfaces. They are like „ kuee ■ saltpans kupt constantly boil;...ln|( aiul. aotitinualiy replenished, though / ttot quits it> compensate the hsa. , "We ,know, '• or have good reason for' : iupposing, that the Caspian and Aral . aomradnicated with the ocean as the Azov ■and Black- Sea do norr, und that the ■'. Jordan flowed on to the Red Sea through > the vale of Sodom, as it still doea through • *he Lake of liberias ; but to M. , Tadrintseff wo,,- owe a cartographical .";- demonstration of the rate at which this •.■■ ..drying up of the lakes in the Aral- ' Caspian depression is proceeding. In the lost number of the "Transactions of the ••■ Petersburg Geographical Society," he has ■ .'given a tnap showing the group of lakes . fn the Governments of Tomsk and Tobolsk v according to. survey made in 1784, ! ifhieh, though so old, is evidently ■ accurate, together with others taken ■ In, . more recent surveys, viz,, 1813-20, 1850-60, and in 18S0. • The rapidity with which the lakes are disappearing will astonish ■ moat. Whole villages have sprang up on what was once Lake Moloki, ■ tne width of ■which has been reduced from iMraty miles' to three. Of Lake Abysh- ;, kari, which was less than eighty years ago •forty miles by seventeen, and covered 530 - gquare miles, only three ponds remain, ' the largest being hardly a mile- anda-half ..wide in any part. Even within the last / iwenty-five years several lakes, eigbt or i ten miles ' across, have en tu : ely or nearly ■'; disappeared. The process is not one of ■• .geographical or geological interest alone, , '. for if it cannot be speedily arrested by the ';- planting 'of forests regions already arid . .will be reduced to an absolute desert.

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