MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS AND EMIGRANTS.

Grey River Argus, Volume XV, Issue 1886, 22 August 1874, Page 4

MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS AND EMIGRANTS.

The "Lancet "has the following on the very important question of medical aid at sea : — " Most of our readers have at some time or. other glanced over the advertismeiit columns of the daily journals, and have seen, among the many comforts and attractions offered to those going to India, Australia, New Zealand, and the Cape, a long list of " experienced surgeons" ready at a moment's notice during the voyage. We do not care to canvass the special merits or short-com-ings of those of our cloth who elect to go down to the sea in ships and occupy themselves on the great waters ; but we know as a fact that since the first ship advertisement appeared the travelling and the initiated public have chosen to regard this "experience" as a misnomer, a delusion, and a snare. The ship doctor has commonly been considered as the ruck of the profession, whose capacities lay much more in the direction of brandy and- water than the healing of the sick. But ocean travelling and the nomber of mercantle medical officers have increased | during the past ten years very considerably, and, as we know, emigration from this country now assumes gigantic proportions. Hence, whetherpopularojnnion, as indicated above, be just or unjust, it is proper that the public should know whether any official standard has been established such as will ensure to oceanic travellers of all classes,, as well as to immigrants, that medical wants afloat will be properly and efficiently supplied. It may or may not be generally known that at the beginning of last year the Board of trade assumed, by a special Act of Parliament all duties and responsibilities connected with emigration, and, in fact, now performs the work of the Emigration office. The passenger &ct of 1855 and 3863 (which comprise the laws relating to emigration at present in force) contain sections reciting that every •" passenger ship " must carry a " duly qualified medical practitioner" when there are more than fifty passengers on board, and when the voyage exceeds eighty days for a sailing vessel, and forty-five days for a steam-ship, and also in any case when the total number on board (including cabin | passengers, officers, and crew) exceeds three hundred persons. The term " duly qualified " is explained clearly enough in Section 36 of the Medical Act of 1858, which recites that no person can hold any appointment in the military or naval service, or in emigrant or other vessels, or in any hospital, parish, union, &,. . . unless possessing certain qualifications expressed in Schedule A of the Act. We need not describe the contents of this schedule, but have only to point out the responsibilities that devolve upon the Board of Trade in seeing that, as a minimum qualification, these provisions of the Passenger Act are carried out, not only as regards emmiganat Bhips, but also as regards all British and Colonial vessels that be»r a surgeon on their articles. Is this done, and done systematioally ? The law demands that it

3hould be done as fully and as faithfully as in the case of army and navy surgeons or Poor Law Medical officers, and, in fact, of .all .other naval, military and civil officers in the service of the Crown, or those who are directly or indirectly subject to Imperial legislation. It must be remembered that, according to statistics published last year, no less than 295,213 emigrants left the United Kingdom in 1872 in steam and sailing ships ; and these statistics alone show how much medical officers are responsible for afloat. Indeed, it is no insult to the sister ser, vices to say that, under ordinary circumstances, the duties of a surgeon in charge of an emigrant ship with 500 or 600 persons of all classes, ages, and nationalities on board, are, for the time being, of a far more important and responsible nature than those of a medical officer in charge of a regiment or a Queen's ship. And hence, as we infer, it is one of the chief duties of the Board of .Trade to take care those sections of the Passengers Act above referred to are carried out in their integrity. There are other sanitary aspects of emigration to which we shall presently have occasion to refer ; but undoubted evidence exists that there are now many "experienced" surgeons afloat whose names cannot be found either in the Medical Register or in the books of any examining body in the United Kingdom."