RUSSIA ASSAILS U.S. AND BRITAIN

Gisborne Herald, Volume LXXIV, Issue 22439, 20 September 1947, Page 5

RUSSIA ASSAILS U.S. AND BRITAIN

“VIOLATIONS OFJJ.N. DIRECTIVES” BID TO SPLIT EUROPE ALLEGED (N.Z.P.A. —Reuter—Copyright.) (9 a.m.) NEV 7 YORK, September 18. A strong- attack on the United States and Britain, whom he accused of departing from the principles on which the United Nations was founded and in, some cases, of directly violating the General Assembly resolutions, was made by M, Vyshinsky, Russia, when he addressed the United Nations General Assembly today and made what he called an analysis of the past work of the United Nations. “This policy of using the United Nations for -individual, selfish and narrowly conceived interests weakens the United Nations, ” lie said.

“PUTTING BRAKES ON DISARMAMENT”

lie added that among the most important setbacks in the United Nations’ activities was the “unsatisfactory position of disarmament.” “Britain and the United States are unwilling to disarm and are putting the brakes on the realisation of disarmament," he said

Unwillingness to outlaw atomic and other mass production weapons caused anxiety among the people of the world. The Soviet had taken a number of steps to solve the atomic question, but these had been resisted mainly by the United States. M. Vyshinsky said the Soviet could not in any circumstances accept foreign interference in atomic production plants, though it was willing to have strict international atomic control. He accused the Truman doctrine and Marshall plans of being “violations ot the United Nations’ principles” and being employed for “open political conflict with Russia.”

The Marshall plan was an attempt by the United States to force European countries to depend on American monopolies and to break Europe into two camps and form a hostile Eastern Europe and Soviet Union. He said the Western Powers were obviously intending to use German heavy industry, particularly the Ruhr, as one of the “principal bases of America in Europe.” M. Vyshinsky said the General Assembly must act on the following “violations of its directives”:

1. The presence of British troops in Egypt, Greece and Transjordan. 2. The presence of United States troops in China. 3. Argentina’s flouting of the resolution on Spain. 4. South Africa’s failure to present a trusteeship agreement for Southwest Africa.

He said that events in Indonesia could not be called anything except an act of aggression and demanded that

the Persian question be taken off the Security Council agenda. He accused Britain and the United States of trying to keep it on “apparently for some specific purposes.” Soviet policy was based on the consistent observance of the Charter and the Soviet demands for "unconditional observance of big Power unanimity.” “The Soviet will struggle and fight for this principle,” he said. The charges against Greece’s neighbours were devoid of foundation and arbitrary. Mr. Marshall’s action in raising the Korean issue in the United Nations was a violation of the Moscow agreement. “The new proposal is not right and is unacceptable,” he said. He also suggested that the interim peace and security committee was a concealed attempt to by-pass the. Security Council and was an obvious violation of the Charter. The Soviet would fight against it.

PRESS ACCUSED OF FOMENTING NEW WAR

M. Vyshinsky accused the press in some countries of waging a propaganda campaign for a new war. “The lurious campaign in the press —mainly American —and in newspapers of countries like Turkey, which are obediently following the United States, is being spread to coach public opinion in favour of a new war.” he said. “Warmongering propagandists try, by hook or by crook, to frighten the peoples by fables and vicious fabrication about the alleged preparations, by the Soviet Union to attack the United States. They certainly, know they are telling lies and the Soviet is not threatening in any way an attack on any country.”' Referring to the Turkish newspaper attacks on Moscow, M. Vyshinsky mentioned a “mad dog editor.’ ’ He also denounced the “mercenary scribblers and the “provocative hubbub” of the Greek reactionary press. “As one can judge by a number of

signs, the preparation for a new war has already passed the stage of sheer propaganda, psychological coaxing and a war of nerves,” he declared. "Numerous facts prove that, in some countries, and particularly in the United States, the war psychosis is being warmed up by putting into effect practical measures of a military and strategical nature, together with technical measures such as the building of new military bases, the re-location of the armed forces, expansion of armaments production and feverish work to improve weapons.” . ~ , Accusing “the American capitalist monopolies” of having made immense profits from the last war, M. Vyshinsky named eight prominent American personalities who, he said, were ‘ particularly violent warmongers.” The list included Mr. John Foster Dulles. Republican member or the United States delegation to the United Nations.

FOUR-POINT RESOLUTION SUBMITTED

Mr. Vyshinsky then moved the following resolution:

“4. The United Nations reaffirms the necessity for putting into effect, as soon as" possible, the decision of the General Assembly of December 14. on a reduction of armaments and its decision of December 24, on the exclusion from national armaments of atomic weapons and all other principal types of weapons designed for mass extermination, and considers that the realisation of these decisions meets the interests of all peace-loving nations and would be the heaviest blow upon propaganda and instigators of a new war.” After referring to Mr. Winston Churchill’s speech at Fulton, Missouii, Mr. Vyshinsky said: The fa £k el echoed bv his son. Randplph. who beat the record of war instigation an his statement made in Sydney. "Tiie family utterances of the Churchills, by themselves, would be of little interest to anybody but they are an indication of that black work which is being earned out in certain British circles against the cause of peace and which is directed to oi'gamsing the Churchills’ notorious military crusade against Russia or in any other form Referring to Indonesia, M. Vyshinsky said that Holland, a member of the United Nations, was guilty Ox an act of agression. & “The unprovoked military attack by Holland against the Indonesian Republic caused justified indignation to honest people throughout the world, he said. “Did the United Nations render due assistance to the Indonesian people, he asked.

“1. The United Nations condemns the criminal propaganda of a new war which is being carried on by the reactionary circles in a number of countries, particularly the United States, Turkey and Greece, by means of spreading all kinds of insinuations through the radio, press and cinema and public statements and which contains an open appeal for an attack on peace-loving' democratic countries. “2. The United Nations considers that tolerance and mere support of such propaganda for a new war, that would inevitably be transformed into a third world war, is a violation of the obligations undertaken by members of the United Nations, whose Charter provides for the obligation ‘to develop friendly relations among the nations, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace,' so that interna- ' tional peace, security and justice are not endangered. “3. The United Nations considers it necessary to urge the Governments of all countries, under pain w criminal punishment, to prohibit war propaganda in any form and take the measures for the prevention and suppression of war propaganda as a socially dangerous activity, threatening the vital interests and welfare of peace-loving nations.

“HALF-LIGHT BETWEEN PEACE AND WAR”

"The General Assembly is meeting at a period in world history which can be described as the half-light between war and peace,” declared Dr. H. V. Evatt, Australia. Although there was no longer any war, peace had not returned. Fear and unrest were disturbing the world activity and hindering the United Nations’ work. ‘‘The primary function of the United Nations is to maintain peace, but, paradoxically, there is no world peace to maintain,’’ he saidThe peace treaties with Austria and Germany were urgently necessary. At present nobody knew what trade and political structure would be permitted. A peace settlement with Japan, too, was urgently needed to provide a firm basis for political and economic reconstruction in East Asia and the Pacific region. The present disturbed situation was not due entirely to failure to reach peace settlements. To some extent the delay was a symptom rather than the cause of the disease. The Australian Government, had watched with deep concern the tendency among certain nations to form dominating groups and blocs that was entirely contrary to the spirit of the San Francisco Charter, which stressed tolerance and respect, for human rights and for the fundamental freedoms. Ho urged that an endeavour should be made to return to the spirit which animated the delegations at San Francisco. _ _ „ .. Discussing the veto, Dr. Evatt said that despite the Assembly’s resolution of 1946, the veto practice had continued. In reviewing this, it was necessary to distinguish sharply between the veto on measures of enforcement under chapter seven and the veto on measures of peaceful adjustment under chapter six and on other matters. “In our view, no single nation should

have the arbitrary privilege of determining, according to its own will, overruling the clearly expressed will of the majority, that an international situation causing friction must be loft untouched or international dispute must remain unsettled.

"In all such cases, doing nothing tends to uncertainty, confusion, dislocation and added friction,” he said. The League of Nations lasted for nearly a generation, Dr. Evatt continued, but it failed because the Governments responsible for leadership failed to support it with their full weight, but even in the last year important successes in international cooperation had been achieved by the United Nations, including the wise and timely taking up of the Indonesian question.

"We should resolve to use this great instrument of the United Nations, this General Assembly, with courage and goodwill to all upon the basis of justice and decency in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter-