NEW ZEALAND’S RESOURCES

Evening Star, Issue 22975, 4 June 1938, Page 12

NEW ZEALAND’S RESOURCES

Primary and Secondary Industries ADDRESS BY HON. F. LANGSTONE OPENING OF WINTER SHOW The official opening ceremony of the Winter Show was performed by the Hon. F. Langstone, Acting Minister of Agriculture, who was supported by the president of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society (Mr J. Hellyer), and the mayor (Mr A. H. Allen). There were ; also on the . platform members of Parliament, members of the City Council, and other leading citizens. A - large number,of show patrons listened to the speakers. In the course of his address, Mr Langstone quoted interesting and illuminating figures dealing with New Zealand’s resources, touching upon various phases of primary and secondary industries.

Mr J. Hellyer, president of the Otago A. and P. Society, extended a very sincere welcome to the visitors to the show, which presented many interesting exhibits, the arranging of which had been so well carried out by the committee and, other helpers, to whom thanks were due. Mr Hellyer referred particularly to the excellent display staged in the Victoria Hall by the Women’s Institutes, which, he ventured to say, could not be surpassed in the Dominion. The ■ exhibits by the Department of Agriculture were also a feature which would be of interest to both town and country people. The' judges and other officials,,said Mr Hellyer, had no easy task to perform, but they had all carried out their duties admirably and helped to make, the show one which promised to be a record success. - MINISTERS ADDRESS 1 In opening, Mr Langstone expressed the regret of the Prime Minister at being unable to be present to perform the opening ceremony, but other duties in Wellington and prior engagements made it impossible for, him to visit Dunedin. Before long the Prime Minister would be paying a visit to the south and would appreciate the opportunity of meeting all sections of the community and of enjoying the hospitality for which this part of New Zealand was famed. Mr Langstone went on to refer to the importance of New Zealand’s major industry', the farming industry/stating that in the exhibits at the show they saw manifestations of the intelligence of the great body of people who had taken up farming as an occupation. No industry required such comprehension of thought and understanding of things as the farming industry. In New Zealand, they had 43,000,000 acres under cultivation, and only a minor portion .was under intense cultivation. So far thev had only touched the fringe of scientific farming in this country, but as they began to understand the science of farming, so their.production would double, treble, and - even quadruple. The Minister added that there were 31.000. sheep, 1 in New Zealand, and the fact that there were 2,000.000 dairy cows in New Zealand showed what a mighty industry the dairying industry was. The number of other cattle used for breaking in the' country was 2.300.000. and there were 800.000 pigs and 280,000 horses in the Dominion. There were 85,480 holdings, and about 133.000 people were engaged directly in the farming industry as a means of livelihood, and their activity expanded and reverberated in other directions. To show the tremendous amount of capital involved, Mr Langstone said that they found that there was about £482,500,000 invested in the great farming industry. The value of land, plant, and machinery on farms was £410.000,000, stock was valued at £63,000,000, and grain mills, meat !■ ,rks, bacon factories, and dairy fac--1 lies was £9,500,000. , . VOLUME OF PRODUCTION. Dealing with the volume of prodiictun, Mr Langstone said that 177,650 t.ms of butter were produced last year, 01.. tons of cheese, 303,000,0001 b of wool, and 8,859,000 bushels of wheat. The slaughterings were: Mutton, 2.660.000 carcasses; lambs, 9,421,000 carcasses; beef cattle, 484,000; pigs, 1.150.000. The price of wheat had risen gradually for the industry from 4s 5d per bushel to 4s 6d, then to 4s 9d, 5s 3d, and 5s 9d, where it .'was to-day. That should be an incentive to growers, and they were hoping that a greater acreage would be put under wheat so that New Zealand would be free from the need for importing. Showing the tremendous amount of commodities created by the farming industry, Mr Langstone said that the wholesale value of production of the dairying industry was £32.700,000, agricultural production totalled £8.800,000, as represented by wheat; and their pastoral production, as represented mainly by meat and wool, was valued at £47,100,000, making a total of £88,600,000. If everything were calculated, they would probably find that the value of production was well over £100,000.000. SUBSTITUTES FOR WOOL. In other countries, said Mr Langstone, because of threats of war and the demand for self-contained sufficiency, there were many problems arising that had never had to be faced before. Competition would have to be faced from substitutes for wool. Only recently he had seen some very nice cloth which had been, made in Italy from casein, so that ladies’ dresses would be made from milk instead of wool. Rayon was coming into competition with wool, and the Government and the farming industry would have to face up to it and see how they could meet this competition. He appealed to the ladies to give their co-operation, and reminded them that the more rayon they used the less demand there would b© for the product of their own farms, wool. While the production of wool re-

that Japan was going to put an embargo on the importation of wool and ensure all her textile garments being made out of'rayon. It should be remembered that every yard of rayon came into competition with the wool produced in this country. New Zealand depended largely on her primary products for establishing credit abroad, and, though they exported only about 40 per cent.-of.their primary production, about 97 per cent, of their exports came from primary production, which established credit and allowed for two-way trade. He desired to pay a tribute to. the pioneers who had done such wonderful service from which the people of to-day were'benefiting. OPPORTUNITIES IN SECONDARY . INDUSTRIES. Following in the wake, of* their primary industries were their secondary industries, and at least yin. .New Zealand there were 5,728 factories, an increase inside one year of 192. The number of employees was 96,401, the salaries and wages paid in a year amounted to £18,000,000, an increase of £3,155,633 over the previous year. The total value of production rose frbm £90,015,000 to £106,000,000 in one year, showing the vast amount of activity taking place in their industries. Mr Langstone spoke of the need for co-operation between primary and secondary industries, and said that their secondary industries were prospering to-day. He knew, too, that there was room for great expansion in their basic industries, and stressed the fact that there were wonderful opportunities in the future for their secondary industries.''The value of the plant and machinery in-’their , secondary' industries was £69,597,265, an increase of £2.158,386 in a year. Mr Langstone touched on the potentialities of hydro-electric development and irrigation in New Zealand, and concluded his remarks by congratulating, the exhibitors on the wonderful display they had made, specially mentioning the Women’s Institute. In declaring the Show officially open, he wished it every success, stating that its success must be assured by' the indefatigable work of the committee and all those /taking part (applause). THE MAYOR’S WELCOME The inay'or (Mr A. H- Allen) extended to the Hon. M. Langstone a' hearty welcome to the city'. They were all-,pleased, he said, to have a Cabinet Minister in Dunedin and he hoped that Mr'Langstone would enjoy' his visit so milch that he would be ready to hurry back. His Worship also welcomed the country visitors and expressed the hope that they, too,- would have an enjoyable time while.here. Mr Allen extended to tho management of the A. and P. Society the congratulations of the city on the thoroughness and completeness of the arrangements made for this Winter Show. THE FARMERS’ FRIEND DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE INSTRUCTIONAL DISPLAY ARRANGED While rigidly enforcing Government regulations, which are, in the main, for the benefit pf'farmers, the Department of Agriculture combines with this duty assistance to the farmer in the matter of advice on farming problems, pasture management, crop production, stock health, orchard management, etc. To bring this service more forcibly before the fanning community' and to give an idea of its comprehensive nature, the department has arranged a special display at the Winter Show. Dealing particularly . with some of the major problems of farming life, this exhibition is both instructive and interesting, and serves to provide an insight into the extent and magnitude of the department’s work. Exhibits include some 50 Otago pastures, each sample telling a story of its own. _ As the finest malting barley is grown in Otago, it is appropriate that this phase of agriculture should bo given prominence. The processing of barley -right through to malt is clearly portrayed, while finished articles made from malting barley indicate the wide use that this grain is put to. Difficulties encountered in the potato crop are also given consideration, and such important matters as correct moulding-up in the field, grading of seed, etc., are treated in the exhibit. Diseases of root crops, with special reference to dry rot and club root, are dealt with, and some comparisons are given between various stock foodstuffs. Included in this section of the display are several other matters referring to various crops, such as linen fibre, wheat, and oats. Work in the orchard—priming, budding, grafting, manuring, etc.—is grouped in its own particular section according to the season of the year. Green manuring is also covered, while the correct packing of apples is compared with a poor pack, emphasising the necessity for attending to this detail of orcharding. The various types of shelter trees for orchards are displayed.

A further section is devoted to honey, and the many and varied uses to which it may be put are illustrated. The co-operation of the Otago University has been received in connection with hydatid control. This important subject is portrayed by a series of models and cards describing the steps that should be taken to free the community from this dreaded disease. Of special interest to dairy farmers is that part which deals with mastitis control. A series of photographs follows the treatment recommended throughout, enabling one quickly to grasp the essentials. Determining whether or not a cow is affected is another point that is fully explained. The aims and objects of the Otago and Southland Pig Council are also given, together with an attractive display of models.

FURTHER AWARDS The following further awards wore announced yesterday afternoon : , ROOTS Judge: Mr AV. G. Smith, Alma. Swede turnips, purple top—George Stevenson (East Taieri) 1, William Kirk (Mosgiel) 2, A. Young (Outram) Swede turnips, green top—George Stevenson 1, William Kirk 2. Aberdeen green-top, yellow turnips— Robert Haugh (Crookston) 1, A. O. Fleming (Woodlands) 2, J. M. Reid (Morven) 3. Aberdeen purple-top turnips—A. O. Fleming 1, George Stevenson 2, E. G. Williamson (Kyeburn) 3. White-fleshed turnips, any variety— George Stevenson !, J. M. Reid 2 and 3. Mammoth long red mangolds—J. M. Reid 1 and 2, A. J. Cameron (Outram) 3. Orange or Yellow Globe mangels— A. C. Hurst (Papakaio) 1, )). Marshall (Oamaru) 2, William Kirk 3. Golden Tankard mangels—J. M. Reid 1,2, and 3. Intermediate red mangels—J. M. Reid 1,2, and 3. Intermediate yellow mangels—J. M. Reid 1 and 2, A. C. Hurst 3. Yellow, carrots —J. M. Reid 1,2, and 3. Red carrots—G. Troup (Leith Valley) 1 and 3, J. M. Reid 2. White carrots —J. M. Reid 1 and 2, Miss Gwen Jopp (Mount Allan) 3. Collection of varities, grown by exhibitor—J. M. Reid 1. D. Martin (Beaumont) 2. T. H. Pngh (Mosgiel) 3. The judge said that the swede turnips were poorer in quality, as well as weaker numerically. The soft turnips were much better, the winning exhibits being very good. Most of the mangels exhibited were very good, especially those entered by Mr J. M. Reid, of Willovvbridge. “ It is a pity that more farmers do not take more interest in the showing of roots.” Mr Smith said. Most of them attend the show, and if they had exhibits they would find much more to interest them. The season has not been helpful to grovving good roots, however, and there might be an improvement next year.” HOME INDUSTRIES OPEN CLASSES. . Best four scones—Miss H. Brown (Mosgiel) 1. AMATEUR CLASSES. One 21b home-made loaf (white), plain; not baked in brick oven—Mrs'F. IT. Francis 1, Mrs P. Crowley (Lawrence) 2, Mrs P. Gilfedder 3. One 21b home-made loaf, wheatmeal, made without yeast j not to be baked in brick oven—Mrs K. H. White 1, Mrs R. Blackledge (Waverley) 2. One. home 7 made nut loaf, not less than lib—Mrs M. Baker 1, Mrs F. J. Gray (Lawrence) 2. Four home-made scones (girdle)—B. Brown (Mosgiel) 1, Mrs J. M‘Gregor 2, Mrs M. Baker 3. Four home-made scones (oven), plain —Mrs S. Barr (Reidstone) 1, B. Brown 2, Mrs H. Jackson'3. Four date soones—Mrs M. Baker 1, B. Brown 2, Mrs P. Crowley (Lawrence) 3. Four wheatmeal scones, plain—Mrs M. Baker 1, B. Brown 2. Four potato scones —Mrs M. Brown 1. Four plain oatmeal cakes (flat) —Mrs M. Baker 1, Mrs F. J. Gray (Lawrence) 2. Four pikelets—Mrs C. Mowat 1, B. Brown 2, Mrs E. J. Mason (Mosgiel) 3. Four gems—B. Brown 1, Mrs B. Smith (Ravensbonrne) 2. Best five cream puffs (shells only), not baked in tins—Mrs W. W. Knowles (Gore) 1, Mrs Allan (St. Kilda) 2, Mary Brown (Mosgiel) 3.Tray of assorted scones, pikelets, and cakes—B. Brown 1, Mrs M. Baker 2. CAKES AND BISCUITS Judge; Mrs J. Fleming (Balcairn). OPEN CLASSES. One billy sponge—Miss M. Brown (Mosgiel) 1, Miss H. Brown (Mosgiel) 2, Miss J. Wylie (Mosgiel) 3. On© sponge roll—Miss L. Ronald (Invercargill) 1, 0. Kinnaird (Portobello) 2, Mrs H. Harvey (Dimtroon) 3. One plain sponge sandwich—Mrs H. Beeson (Dunedin) 1, Mrs Hamblin (South Dunedin) 2, Miss L. Ronald 3. One butter sponge sandwich, iced— Miss H. Brown 1, Mrs Hamblin 2, Mrs H. Harvey 3. One seed cake—Mrs W. W. Knowles I, Mrs A. Emery (Dunedin) 2, Mrs R. M‘Kerrow (Warepa) 3. One Madeira cake—Mrs E. Garland (Abbotsford) 1, Mrs R. M'Kerrow 2, Mrs W. W. Knowles 3. One gingerbread cake—Mrs R. Campbell (Middlemareh) 1, Mrs H. Harvey 2, Mrs Hamblin 3. Ginger sponge—Mrs Hamblin 1, Mrs H. Johnson (Mornington) 2, Mrs R. Johnson (Dunedin) 3. One light fruit cake—Mrs W. W. Knowles 1, Mrs A. E. Leary (North Taieri) 2, Miss D.,.Brown 3. One dark fruit cake—Mrs W. S. ■Rtiick (Wallaeetown) 1. Mrs R. M'Kerrow 2. Miss D. Brown 3. Self Help Co-op. Ltd. special prize of Sib box of tea for best dark fruit cake made with Self Help baking powder—Airs A. Emery 1. Messrs Cadbury Fry Hudson’s special prizes for best chocolate cake made with Bourneville cocoa —-Miss E. Ronald (Invercargill) 1, Miss H. Brown 2. Airs A. W. Knowles 3. One walnut cake—Airs K. J. Alason (Mosgiel) 1, Airs A. Bremner (Dunedin) 2, Airs W. A. Knowles 3, One orange cake—Airs H. Johnson I, Aliss.H. Brown 2, Aliss L. Ronald 3. One coffee cake—Aliss L, Ronald 1, Airs Hamblin 2, Airs AY. AV. Knowles 3. Collection afternoon tea cakes—R. Brown 1, Airs IT. Harvey 2, Aliss AJ. Brown 3. One plate meringues—A. Shaddock (Dunedin! 1. Airs A. Bremner (Dunedin) 2. Aliss L. Ronald 3. One Scotch currant bun—Airs J. V. APFie (AVaikouaiti) 1. Airs K. J. Alason 2, Airs AA’. Simmons (Wnikouaiti) 3. One round shortbread—Aliss I. J. Buick (AA'allacetown) 1, AI iss 11. Brown 2. Airs R. Campbell 3. One plate shortbread, six pieces—Airs ,

Allan (St. Kilda) 1, Mrs R. AUKerrow 2, Mrs A. E. Leary 3. Six sausage rolls, puff pastry—Mrs A. E. Leary 1, Mrs Best (Tainui) 2, Miss I. Adamson (Invercargill) 3. Collection of puff pastry, four varieties—Mrs J. Hutton (Belleknowes) 1, Miss L. Ronald 2, Mrs D. Stephen (Musselburgh) 3. Plate of six malt biscuits—Miss L. Ronald 1, Mrs A. Bremner 2, Miss M. Brown 3. , ■ Plate of six Belgian biscuits—Miss J. Wylie 1, Miss A. Wylie 2, Mrs C. Mowat 3. Messrs Fleming and Company s special prize of one 251 b bag oatmeal and three 21b bags milk oaties for sis cakes or biscuits made from Creamoata, Milk Oaties. Thistle Oatmeal, or Rolled Oats—Miss L. Ronald 1. Messrs Harraway and Sons’ special prize of 251 b bag of rolled oats for plate of best rolled oat biscuits—Miss M. Brown 1. Messrs Harraway and Sons’ special prize of two 311 b bags of Cereo for plate of best Cereo biscuits—Mrs J. A. Jones (Middlemarch) 1. Collection of biscuits, six varieties— Mrs H. Harvey 1, Mrs C( Mowat 2, Miss L. Ronald 3. One apple pie—Mrs Hamblin 1. L. C. Wilson (Kew) 2, Miss L. Ronald 3. One plum pudding—Miss J. Cameron 1. Mrs T. D. Dalziel 2, Mrs W. W. Knowles 3. SWEETS. Collection home-made ices, creams, etc. —Mrs C. Boyles (Dunedin) 1. Miss D. Smith (Ravensbourne) 2, Miss A. Glen (Kaikorai) 3. Collection home-made toffee, three varieties —Mrs J. Adamson (Maori Hill) 1. Miss M. E. Adamson (Maori Hill) 2. Mrs C. Boyles 3. ■ AMATEUR CLASSES. One sponge’ roll—Miss E. Ronald 1, Miss J. F. Harrison (Hindoo) 2, Mrs B. Smith 3. One light fruit cake—Mrs D. Al'Donald (Mataura Island) 1. Mrs B. Smith 2, Mrs R. Blackledge (Waverley) 3. One dark fruit cake—Mrs R. L. Cox (Lawrence) 1, Mrs R.: Todd (Caversham) 2. Mrs D. B. Craighead (Middlemarch) 3. One round shortbread—Miss Gourlay (North-east Valley) 1. Mrs E. Garland (Abbotsford) 2, Miss E. Baird (Alomona) 3. One plate shortbread, six pieces—Mrs E. J. Mason (Mosgiel) 1, Mrs D. B. Craighead 2, Mrs E. Garland (Abbotsford) 3. Collection puff pastry, four varieties —Miss E. Ronald 1, Mrs P. Crowley 2. Chocolate cake—Miss E. Ronald 1, Miss O. Adamson (Invercargill) 2, Mrs W. Johnson 3. Orange cake—Mrs A. G. Russell (Mornington) 1, Miss E. Ronald 2, Mrs 1. Porteous (Dunedin) 3. Plato of biscuits, four varieties—Mrs C. Mowat 1, Miss E. Ronald 2, Mrs F. J. Gray 3. Family cake, made to set recipe—Mrs W. W. Knowles 1, Mrs W. Johnson 2, Miss K. Hutton 3. Iced chocolate butter sandwich, icing filling—Mrs F. J. Gray 1, Miss E, Ronald 2, Mrs F. V. Francis 3. CHILDREN’S CLASSES. Three current scones—Miss Esme Emery (Dunedin) 1, Miss J. Smith (Ravensbourne) 2, John Pryde (Caversham) 3. Best six oven scones, three white, three brown —Miss J. Smith 1, J. Pryde 2. Miss Vivien Wallace (Mornington) 3. Six pikelets—Miss Daphne Mowat (Mornington) 1, Miss Ruth Tomlinson (Ravensbourne) 2, Miss Mary Pryde (Caversham) 3. t Shortbread—Miss Esme Emery 1, Miss Marjorie Paine (Sawyers Bay) 2, Miss Mary Pryde 3. BAKERS' BREAD Judge; Mr J. T. Norton (Lyttelton). Best commercial double upright 41b tin loaf of white bread—C. J. Callaghan (Westport) 1, A.B.C. Bakery (South Dunedin) 2, Stacey and Hawker Ltd. (Christchurch) 3. Best commercial double upright 41b tin loaf’of brown bread—J. R. Brown Ltd (Dunedin) 1, A.B.C. Bakery 2, P. S. Georgeson (Dunedin) 3. Dominion Championship.—Best 21b loaf of white bread, with or without crust at both ends—Stacey and Hawker Ltd 1, A.B.C. Bakery 2, J. G. Laurenson and Son (Roslyn) 3. P. S. Goorgeson 4. Best upright 41b loaf of wholemeal bread —Stacey and Hawker Ltd 1, J. G. Laurenson and Son 2. J. R. Brown Ltd 3 NEEDLEWORK Judges: Misses A. E. M'Naughton and E. More. Pair hand-knitted socks, fine wool— Mrs R. L. Cox (Lawrence) 1, E. MacDonald (Palmerston North) 2, Mrs J. Campbell (Christchurch) 3. Pair hand-knitted socks, wheeling— Miss C. H. Kellaher (Masterton) 1, E. MacDonald (Palmerston North) 2 and 3. Woman's woollen cardigan, knitted— Miss J. Juden (Wanganui) 1, Mrs W M’Cammon (Lauder) 2, Miss J. Miller (Green Island) 3. Woman’s woollen jumper, knitted— Miss D. Pannett (Hillcrul) 1, Miss M. Gill (Gisborne) 2, Mrs E. Riach (Dalmore) 3. Best sleeveless pullover for men—D. Brown (Mosgiel) 1, Mrs W. M'Cammon (Lauder) 2, Mrs R. Lymburn (St. Kilda) 3. Bed jacket, crocheted or knitted, wool—Miss D. Pannett (Christchurch) 1, Mr> G. A. Kenny 2, Mrs J. R. White (Middlemarch) 3. Knitted scarf, wool—Mrs J. Campbell (Christchurch) 1, Miss M. A. Baker 2. Baby’s knitted coat and, bonnet—

Miss J. Juden (Wanganui) 1, Miss J. Johnston 2, Miss D. Pannett (Christchurch) 3. Baby’s knitted shawl—Mrs V. A. Potts (Lawrence) 1. Best pair infant’s woollen bootees, knitted—Miss J. Juden 1, Miss J. Johnston 2 and 3. Best knitted frock for child under five years—Miss J. Juden 1. Miss D. Pannett 2, Mrs A. Pidduck 3, Best beret or woollen hat—Miss M. Gill (Gisborne) 1, Mrs J. Campbell (Christchurch) 2. Article made from New Zealand woo! —Mrs P. Duff 1, Mrs Allan (St. Kilda) 2, Miss J. Johnston 3. Woollen slippers—Miss R. Hancock 1 and 2, Mrs J. Park 3. Fancy apron, hand-worked—Mrs R. L. Cox (Lawrence) 1, Mrs M. Watson (Marlborough) 2, Mrs R. L. Cox 3. Luncheon set—l. M’Clintock 1. Supper cloth, other than Richelieu, white—Miss W. A. Carmichael (Milburn) 1, Mrs E. J. APFarlane (Dunedin) 2, Mrs W. Crigbton (Invercargill) 3. Supper cloth, other than Richelieu, coloured —Miss P. L. Woods (Hampden) 1, Miss A. Wylie (Mosgiel) 2, Mrs J. A. M'Gregor (Milton) 3. Exhibit of crochet, any article—Miss A. Michell (Masterton) 1, Mrs W. I. Paterson (Waianalkarua) 2, Mrs W. Halm (Ranfurly) 3. Any embroidered article, not otherwise specified—Mrs J. A. Wallace (Alornington) 1, Miss G. Seblin 2, Miss V. Wood (Ravensbourne) 3. Tea shower, worked—Mrs J. C. Hill (Herbert) 1. Miss C. Grant (Winton) 2, Miss B. Young 3. Embroidered cushion, unmounted, won!—Mrs G. A. Kenny 1, Mrs J. C. Hill 2. Best-worked cushion, unmounted, silk or cotton —Mrs W. M'Cammon (Lauder) 1, Mrs G. A. Kenny 2, Mrs A. Thompson 3. Shopping bag. worked—Miss C. Grant-(Winton) 1, Mrs I. Williamson 2, Mrs G. A. Kenny 3. Tapestry, on stamped canvas—Miss R. Ritchie (Bannockburn) 1, Runa Dobbie 2, Mr H. A. Salmon 3. Tapestry, on unstamped canvas—Miss 1. D. Grant (Ravensbourne) 1, Mrs J. Dorick 2. Miss M. Simpson 3. Cross-stitch, other than tapestrv— Miss N. Olsen 1 and 2, Mrs J. C. Hill (Herbert) 3. Best needlework picture, in wool— Mrs W. E. Aubrey (Oamaru) 1. Miss C. Grant (Winton) 2, Mrs W. E. Aubrey 3. Best, needlework picture, in silk— Mrs W. E. Aubrey 1, Mrs J. Tonkin 2, F. P. Swift 3. Best tapestry purse—Miss M. A. Baker I. Home-made toys—Miss APDonald 1, K. APLaren (Palmerston) 2, Mrs C. Mitchem 3. Hand-made wool rug—L. Gale (Mosgiel) 1, Mr H. A. Salmon 3, Mrs E. Button 3. Hand-made rag rug—Mrs W. Carr 1, Mrs W. H. Fraer 2 and 3. Any article made in wool by lady 70 years or over—Mrs J. Campbell (Christchurch) 1. Mrs Woods 2, Mrs E. Jones (Musselburgh) 3. Any hand-made article not otherwise specified—Mr H. Johnson I, Mrs W. E. Aubrey (Oamaru) 2, Miss J. Johnson 3. AMATEUR CLASSES. (Open to girls 10 years and under.) Fancy apron (coloured embroidery! —Hilary Wallace 1. Knitted scarf—M. Briggs 1, H. Wallace 2. (Open to girls 13 years and under.) Table centre or tray cloth (coloured embroidery)—Miss D. Orr (Maheno! 1, Miss D. Rodgers 2, J. APCone (Oamaru) 3. Knitted singlet (boy’s or girl’s)—E. Wallace 1, M. Briggs 2. (Open to girls 16 years and under.) Any article fancy work—Miss J Dray 1 and 2, Miss M. Swan (Oamaru) 3. Any garment (hand sewn) M Farens 1, E. Wallace 2, J. E. APCmrach 3. Any knitted garment—M. L. Holderness 1, J. APMillan 2, G. Craighead (Middlemarch) 3. (Girl Guides and Brownies.) Any article made from sugar or flour bags—G. Mills 1, G. Mowat 2. PRESERVES Judge: Mrs C. Wilson (Lorneville). Pot strawberry jam—Miss J. Cameron (Invercargill) 1, Miss June M'Pherson (Roxburgh) 2, Mrs T. D Dalziel (Kaikorai) 3. Pot apricot jam—Mrs G. Edwards (St. Kilda) 1, Airs E. APDonald (Roslyn) 2, Miss J. Cameron 3. Pot peach jam—Mrs A. W. Kelman (Geraldine) 1. Miss I. J. Buick (Wallacetown) 2, Miss J. Cameron 3. Pot raspberry jam—Mrs A. W. Kelman 1, Mrs G. Edwards 2, Mrs J. Pearce (Dunedin) 3. Pot black currant jam—Mrs G. Edwards I, Miss I. J. Buick 2, Mrs A. W. Kelman 3. Pot plum jam—Mrs A. W. Kelman I, Airs E. APDonakl 2, Airs G. Edwards 3. Pot marmalade (sliced)—Airs L. W. APKillop (Dunedin) I. Mrs A. Emery (Dunedin) 2, Airs Hamblin (South Dunedin) 3. Pot apple jelly (dark) —Airs A. More (Alaeandrew Bay) 1, Mrs Hamblin 2, Mrs G. Edwards 3. Pot apple jolly (light)—Airs E. APDonald I, Aiiss I. J. Buick 2. Airs G. Edwards 3. Pot black currant jelly—Airs A. W. Kelman I, Airs J. Pearce 2, Airs E. APDonald 3. Pot rod currant jelly—Airs E. APDonald 1, Airs T. D. Dalziel 2, Airs Hamblin 3. Pot marmalade (shredded) —Airs E. ■

FUTURE OF SOCIETY STRONG FINANCIAL POSITION SUCCESS OF LAST YEAR'S FIXTURES Both the winter and summer shows conducted by the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society last year were a decided financial success compared with immediate past fixtures, and the future was considered at the annual meeting last night to be considerably promising, comment being made that the public attached more value to the worth of the displays of the province's agriculural wealth. The meeting was largely attended, and the president, (Mr J. Hellyer), who was re-elected for a further term, was the chairman. The healthy state of the finances of the society was the subject of commendation. " BEST IN SOCIETY'S HISTORY." '" This has been the most successful year the society has experienced for a considerable time, and the past year has been outstanding from a financial viewpoint," stated the annual report. The presentation of the balance sheet is a very pleasant duty." The report continued that it was probably the best in the society's history. tinder the circumstances the committee had considered it advisable to allow larger amounts than usual for depreciation, which took the buildings and fittings accounts to nearer their correct value, and would allow a future policy of a consistent rate of depreciation. Arrangements had been made to pay £4OO off the mortgage on the Crawford street buildings, which would considerably lighten the interest bill and leave the mortgage at £4,500. A more active policy of repairs and maintenance had been pursued, and although there was still a great deal to do, it was pleasing to record that the Tahuna Park buildings and grounds'* were in much better condition than last yeair, and painting ably improving the look of the park, work at present in hand was considerFor several years past the problem of larger AVinter Show buildings had been hronght to notice, and had been shelved each year owing to lack of finance. However, the experience of last year, when every possible square foot was let and the overcrowding of the buildings every night, and especially the King's Birthday, made it imperative that some move ; be made immediately, for it was impossible to make any forward move while the society was restricted to the present inadequate buildings. The committee had gone thoroughly into several propositions during the year, and, although as yet was unable to offer any definite solution to this problem, it was hoped that in the near future it niipTit be able to make concrete proposals. PESSIMISTIC FARMERS. The Chairman moved the adoption of the annual report and balance sheet. " This is the first occasion for many years that the society is able to show a profit on its summer show, and, despite the fact that a number of members were beginning to doubt the wisdom of carrying on this fixture, owing to the continued losses, we have at last been able to come out on the right side of the ledger," he said. "No doubt this achievement was gained by running a night carnival in collection with the show, and, judging by the popularity of these attractions and given fine weather the chances are perhaps a long way brighter for the future. Last year's president* (Mr Conn) referred" to the good times the farmers of the Dominion were having, but unfortunately for all concerned these good times somewhat slumped this year owing to the lower prices received for wool and lamb, which probably means a decrease in revenue to this Dominion of a sum totalling approximately £6.000,000, and on top of this the cheese position is not so good either, so it shows that both of our primary pro-

M'Donald 1, Mrs A. W. Kelman 2, Mrs Hamblin 3. Jar preserved tomatoes—Mrs E. M'Donald 1, Mrs T. D. Dalziel 2, Mrs W. M'Donald (Dunedin) 3. Collection jam, four varieties—Mrs A. W. Kelman 1, Mrs Hamblin 2, Mrs E. M‘Donald 3. Collection jellies, four varieties—Mrs A. W. Kelman 1, Mrs Hamblin 2, Mrs G. Edwards 3. Collection bottled fruit, four varieties—Mrs A. W. Kelman 1, Miss J. Cameron 2, Miss J. MTherson 3. Collection sauce, three varieties—Mrs A. W. Kelman 1, Miss J. Cameron 2, Mrs T. D. Dalziel 3. Collection pickles, three varieties— Mrs T. D. Dalziel 1, Miss J. Cameron-2, Mrs G. Edwards 3. j Collection of chutney, three varieties —Mrs M. Strawbridge (Parkside) 1, Mrs A. W. Kelman 2, Miss J. MTherson 3. Collection of home-made wines, three varieties—Mrs H. C. Frame (Kaikorai) 1, Mrs S. Scoones (South Dunedin) 2, Mrs C. Hoyles (T)unedin) 3. One dozen hen eggs—W. Cook (Burnside) 1 and 3, Mrs L. Hunter (Brighton) 2. One bar home-made soap—Mrs T. D. Dalziel 1 and 3, Mrs A. W. Kelman 2. The judge remarked that the preserves were of a very high standard, but some of the jams showed evidence of containing foreign matter. Flavouring jellies with extracts should not he encouraged, as they were supposed to he pure. The entry for the soap-mak-ing was very poor, there being only three competitors, although the quality was very good. The eggs were also

exceptionally good for the time of year, ducers are not in such a position as they were 12 months ago. The producer of butter-fat for butter production is somewhat in the dark yet, as the final bonus payment is still to be made. The high cost of production is the bugbear or the dairy farmer, and for that reason we see a tendency for a swing over from dairy farming to wool and lamb production, and 1 am afraid sooner or later this will bring disaster to a large section of our farmers. However, this is just my own opinion.” Mr Hellyer then spoke of various aspects of the fixtures last year, including the Winter and Summer Shows, the annual parade of Clydesdale stallions at Tahuna Park, the field competitions, i the fat lamb export competition at Burnside, and the ram fair, also held there. He added that last year there had been a discussion on the very inadequate buildings, and quite rightly so, but as yet no decision had been reached concerning the. future facilities I for the Winter Show. BIG PROFITS. Mr S. Bowman seconded the motion, referring to several aspects of the balance sheet, which showed a most satisfactory position. There was a balance of £4Ol carried over from the previous year, said Mr Bowman, and the profit for the past year was actually £1,272, making a total of £1,734. An entry of £959 was made for depreciation, leaving the profits in the balance sheet at £774. A heavy items was £.301, which was expended on repairs. “It was only a few vears since the society had to sell £I,OOO worth of inscribed stock to meet its obligations to the bank.” said'Mr Bowman. “To-day it has £241 in its current account and money invested totalling £3,533. ’ Mr J. M. Fraser said that the year had been most successful. He stressed the proposal for more commodious buildings, and pointed out that this was an improvement the society was keeping steadily in the forefront. Mr Fraser eulogised the splendid services of the secretary, and to him he ascribed to a great degree the healthy position of the society. The report and balance sheet were then adopted. TWO NEW LIFE-MEMBERS. Messrs Crosby Morris (Dunedin) and James Little (Corriedale) were elected life-members of the society on the motion of Mr R. T. Kirk. Mr Kirk said that both had been supporters of the society over the last halfcentury, Mr Little being an exhibitor at the shows during that period. Mr Morris was the best friend the society had ever had. The motion was carried by acclamation. OFFI.CE-BEARERS The following office-bearers were elected :—President, Mr J. Hellyer; vice-president, Mr J. M. Fraser; hon. treasurer, Mr S. Bowman; honorary veterinary surgeons—Messrs C. V. Day us (district superintendent), John Danskin, H. Boyle, and G. M’Donald; Government honorary officials—Messrs J. M. Smith (fields superintendent), D. Cunningham (dairy), G. H. M‘lndoe and W. R. L. Williams (orchard), J. 0. Wallace and R. G, F. Fountain (agriculture), and D. S. Robertson (apiary instructor) ; committee—Messrs S. Bowman, J. E. Brunton, K. Clark. J. Mee (Dunedin district), J. Allison (Bruce. Clutha, and Tuapeka districts), R. T. Kirk. J. B. Blair (Taieri district), E. M. North, W. Lee (Waikouaiti and Waihemo districts), James Little (Otago Central district) ; auditors —Messrs Barr, Burgess, and Stewart. COMMITTEE’S FINE WORK: Jj . The strong support accorded the; society during the year by the committee was eulogised by the chairman. He said that the members of the committee had given him every assistance during the shows.

JUDGES' COMMENTS Judges’ comments on some of the classes judged yesterday afternoon are: ART AND MODELS. j The majority of the work in the model engineering section was displayed by the members of the> Model Engineering Society. These magnificent working models, made to scale, cannot be regarded as “ toys,” for they represent extremely intricate engineering work. Some of the scale model locomotives on display were capable of hauling four adult passengers, while one model traction engine could drag a small car. The marine section was small, but the yachts on view were well constructed. The aviation section was also small, but the standard of the work was extremely high. , The work in the soldiers’ classes was of a high standard, but rather disappointing as regards the number of entries. The section for articles not otherwise specified was a difficult section to judge, owing to the varied nature of the exhibits. In the judge’s opinion, it would be better if, in future, the section were divided into fancy work and metal or woodwork. BAKERS' BREAD. The main feature of the bakers’ bread section was the extremely large number of entries received for the various classes, the Dominion Championship attracting no fewer than 61 exhibitors. There was a wide range of quality in the exhibits, however, particularly in the championship class, and the judge stated that he was somewhat disappointed at the lack of uniformity m such an important competition. In his opinion, exhibitors had gone beyond the idea of doing their best with the usual commercial ingredients, and had added materials which they hoped would improve the appearance of the loaves, instead of bringing their best skill in handling and the use of fermentation to produce their exhibits. The best exhibits in the Dominion Championship were verv good indeed, and considerable difficulty was experienced in separating the placed competitors, but there was much in this class that was disappointing and was definitely not of championship standard. The wholemeal bread forward was also not uniform, but here again the judge bad difficulty in separating the best exhibits. HAMS.AND BACON. Although competition in the hams and bacon section was confined to only a few exhibitors, the quality of the placed exhibits in the various classes was gratifvingly high, tire judge. Mr W. IT. Hitchon, of Milton, stating that, despite the fact that the standard of the exhibits was fairly uniform, there had been little difficulty in awarding the plaoeS ' HOME INDUSTRIES. The home industries section, which is always one of the features of the show, was again strongly supported by exhibitors, and the various exhibits brought fqrth excellent competition. The quality of the exhibits.on the whole was most praiseworthy, and the judges, Mrs H. P. M'Pherson, Mrs E. Aubrey, and Mrs .1. Fleming, experienced some difficulty in separating the placed competitors. The bread and scones classes were commendably uniform, as were

also the cakes and biscuits, these classe® attracting large entries. The preserves section, which, was judged by Mrs C. Wilson, of Lbrneville, also produced good' competition,' the jams and jellies being of good quality and fully up to the standard of - previous shows.' ’ ■ ' * R. ROWLEY AND CO. LTD, in the same space every ter Show 11; Powley and Co. display their products, year after year. -There is no attendant because they know that from the far north to the extreme south, of the Dominion J. Speight’s ales and stouts, bottled by R, Powley and Cp. t are appreciated by all for their excellent quality: Samples of. Bellas Old Scotch Whiskey and Seppelts wines, for which they are agents, are' also, tastefully displayed.—Published by arrangement.