WOMEN WORKERS

Evening Post, Volume CIV, Issue 1, 1 July 1922, Page 16

WOMEN WORKERS

IN NEW YORK STATE A GENERAL ENOBEASE. Women gainfully employed in Nkw York State number 1,135,948, according to a special bulletin recently issued an "Women Who Work," by Stater Industrial -Commissioner Henry D. Sayer. This is twice the number of women ao employed in Pennsylvania, the- State which, ranks second in population. New York City has 64 per ctnt. of the women so employed and 54 per cent, of the men. The next largest city in the State, Buffalo, has only onefilteenth as many women employed as are in this city. The bulletin was prepared by jibe Division of Women in Industry. Analysis is made by occupation of the 1920 Census figures. Comparing these figures with the 1910 Census, the bulletin shows an increase since 1910 of 151,560 women and 347,749 men. While this represents an increase in actual numbers, the ratio of men to women workers for all occupations is said to have remained practically the same. The one occupational group which shows a decrease since 1910 In the number of women employed is domestic and personal service. On the other hand, the proportion of women in the clerical .group has jumped from 34.5 per cent. in 1910 to 46.5 per cent, in 1920. There has been an increase of 4 per cent, in the transportation group, also a slight increase in the professional and trades groups. There has been a, slight decrease in the proportion of women in manufacturing and mechanical industries and in agriculture. Although the percentage in manufacturing and mechanical industries; has decreased, the actual number is greater by about 2000' than it was in ISIO. ONLY 172 POULTEYRAKERS. Of the 9269 women in agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, more than half were general farmers or dairy farmers. The number of .women poultry raisers remains surprisingly small, 172. Under the classification of extraction-of' minerals, there were 114 women employed in 1920, 102 of these being salt well operatives. Manufacturing and mechanical industries show; a total of 351,104 women employed; of; these 11,----542 are labourers, 2467 apprentices, 262,729 semi-skilled operatives, , and 74,266 skilled operatives. . More than twice as many women were following transportation pursuits, including telephone and telegraph, in 1920 than in 1910, an increase in ten years from 14,603 to 33,422. One-fourth of these women worked in the Borough of Manhattan, and more than two4hirds were located in Greater New York. The largest single group was that of telephone operators, numbering 29,004. The second large group comprises the tele-, graph operators, 2211 in number, practically double the number employed in 1910. Under transportation, also are 338 women acting as_ chauffeurs, 87 as teamsters, and 35 as switchmen and flagmen; A total of 86,079 women are employed in trade; more than three-fourths of this occupational group are located in cities of over '100,000, saleswomen forming the largest unit. It is "noted that 161 women were attracted to the undertaking business. The Public Service group claims 1684 women, the largest number that of 469 postmistresses. One. group includes women detectives, constables,; and sheriffs. TRAINED MIRSIS/'DOUBLED-IN TEN YEARS. " ' In the! professional group these are 126,523 women. The number of women lawyers in 1920 is twice that of 1910; the number of trained nurses has practically doubled in ten years. The largest single group of women under the professional group, as might be expected, is that of the school teachers, 63,637^ who represent an. increase of 12,844 over 1910. The women in the various kinds of professional service are found in the following numbers: ' . . Actresses (__.. 5,635 Architects .-. » 24 Artists ..„,.......- — 3,843 Authors ~~.... 1,066 Editors and reporters ... 918 Chemists —.. 336 Clergymen 64 Professors... -~ 790 Dentists 324 Designers ....,...: 2,866 %; Draftsmen ...» 288 v ' Inventors „ 7 Lawyers V... 344 , Musicians 9,547 Osteopaths ...... 83' Photographers ........ 666. .. Physicians 924 : Teachers (athletics) 651 '■ Teachers (school) 63,637 Engineers (electrical) .... 10 Engineer (mechanical) ... ' 1 Nurses (trained) 21,915' Veterinary surgeon . 1:. Aeronaut 1 Librarians 2,055 Other pursuits ". 1,243 Semi-professional .......... 7,429 Attendants and helpers s 1,855 Total ........ 126,523 Two-thirds of the women in domestic and personal service are in cities of more than 100,000; 156,667 of these are in this city. The number of laundresses, not including those employed in laun--, dries; decreased from 32,465 in 1910 to 20,574 in 1920. Of the 135,252 women listed as domestic servants, 84,615. work in New. York CSty; almost 21,000 of them are classed as cooks, and it is interesting to note that there are almost as many male cooks, 19,000, as female cooks. There are 28,000 men waiters and 16,000 waitresses. The clerical group, numbering 263,588, reflects marked changes in women's work. The increase in the number of women in clerical occupations is due to the increased use of . adding and subtracting machines and improved methods of filing, accounting, and cost keeping. Women are listed under this occupational heading as follows:— Agents : 1,578 Canvassers 410 Collectors 254 Accountants and auditors.... 1,800 Bookkeepers and cashiers ... 58,624 Clerks : 95,208 Bundle and cash'girls 448 Messenger and office girls.... .1,545 Stenographers and typists ... 103,721 Total .:... 263,588 Of the five boroughs in Greater New York, Brooklyn leads in the number of clerical workers, 71,000, compared with 66,000 in Manhattan. x :-