The Problem Of New Guinea

Press, Volume CVI, Issue 31316, 11 March 1967, Page 4

The Problem Of New Guinea

New Guinea on the Threshold: Aspects of Social, Political and Economic Development Edited by E. K. Fisk. Longmans. 290 t>P-

New Guinea is the largest non-self-governing territory outside the Communist world. As such it Is rapidly becoming a focal point of interest in a world where self-determina-tion is in fashion. Its population comprises hundreds of tribal groups whose native languages are mutually unintelligible and includes some of the most recently contacted primitive peoples known to mankind. The geographical, social and political fragmentation of the country, the primitive economic systems and the growing - political pressures from the outside world provide a bewildering but fascinating collection of problems.

The ‘Threshold” referred to in the title is a reference to the development of self-gov-ernment and independence. The responsibility of guiding New Guinea to this stage rests upon Australia. The problems are formidable and for the most part little understood. For example, is it better to adopt a policy of uniform development bringing the population as a whole up to a common level of sophistication or is it better to foster a political elite? More basically, how do you develop a sense of nationhood in a country with 700 languages? A group of 11 experts from the Australian National University here examine the present situation in Papua-New Guinea from the point of view of their specialities and consider the implications of this for the task of bringing the Territory to a position of responsible self-government The historical setting, the complex economic, educational, administrative and legislative problems, the peculiarities of the "cargo cult” and the dilemma of the expatriate Australian are all given careful consideration. Dr. Reay’s account of the changing role of women in New Guinea is of particular interest for this subject is as

important as it Is neglected. She describes some of the difficulties and opportunities ahead for women and explains why it is that some mainland organisations - such as the Girl Guide movement have transplanted so successfully while others are less effective. The problems which face Australia in Its policy of helping New Guinea along the road to responsible self-gov-ernment require careful and sympathetic consideration. On the one hand there are the stubborn facts of economic, social and political underdevelopment which are not going to be easily or rapidly overcome, and on the other hand there is the impatience Of the outside world to see this colonial territory “freed” from alien control. The contributors are understandably cautious on the question of target dates for the Territory’s political and administrative independence. If the challenge offered by New Guinea is to be met successfully a great deal of hard thinking as well as friendly and constructive help will be necessary. “New Guinea on the Threshold” is a timely contribution to understanding and informed debate. ■