Indonesians Warned By Allied Commander

Press, Volume LXXXI, Issue 24712, 1 November 1945, Page 5

Indonesians Warned By Allied Commander

“WILL USE ALL RESOURCES OF MODERN WAR” (N.Z. Press Association—Copyright) (Rec. 12.45 a.m.) BATAVIA, October 31. T e ® rigJ L d i er A. W. F. Mallaby, commander of the 49th Indian Infamry Brigade, the British occupying force in Sourabaya, was murdered at 6 p.m. yesterday while he was arranging details of a cease-fire order in the company of Indonesian leaders in Sourabaya. Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Christison, commander of the Allied forces m the Netherlands East Indies, said that Brigadier Mallaby had been “foully murdered.” He added that the news had Been brought to headquarters by two Allied officers who were with Brigadier Mallaby at the time, and who escaped. Asked whether Dr. Soekarno, the Indonesian “President, would be held responsible for Brigadier Mallaby’s murder, Lieutenant-General Christison replied: “Obviously.” Lieutenant-General Christison has broadcast a warning to the belligerent Indonesians that unless they submit to his authority he will bring all the resources of modern war against them, using all the forces at his disposal, until they are crashed. After giving the news of the murder, Lieutenant-General Christison to-day saw Dr. Soekarno. Dr. Soekarno has made the only statement on the murder from the Indonesian Nationalists. He told a correspondent: “If Brigadier Mallaby is indeed dead, I am very grieved.

Lieutenant-Gcneral Christison has fssued fresh orders to deal with the situation. His broadcast statement was as' follows: •

"These direct and unprovoked attacks upon the British forces cannot in any circumstances be permitted, and unless the Indonesians who have committed these acts surrender to my forces I intend to- bring the whole weight of my sea, land, and air forces, and all the weapons of modern war against them, until they are crushed. "If in this process innocent Indonesians should be killed or wounded, the whole responsibility will rest on those Indonesians who have committed the crimes I have named. "I warn all Indonesians throughout Java that they should co-operate with my forces and live in peace and harmony with them. For if force is used against my troops it will be met with force. "I am determined to maintain law and order, and I look to all good Indonesians to support me in this task." How Arms were Obtained The Indonesians in Sourabaya were able to arm themselves when a Dutch naval officer, against orders, accepted the surrender of the Japanese a month ago," said Lieutenant-General Christison at a press conference given after he had received the news of Brigadier Mailaby's murder. "The Japanese willingly gave up a lar.;e stock, of arms, equipment, tanks, and armoured of which tell into the hands of the Indonesians. The Dutch officer, Captain Huijer. was then naval officer in charge in Sourabaya under Rear-Admiral Patterson, whose written instructions were that he should not accept the surrender until the British forces arrived." Captain Huijer's conduct, said Lieutenant-Gen-eral Christison, was a matter for the Dutch. The Japanese commander, Nakcrr.ura, who was held responsible for handing over the arms, h?.d been arretted and sent to Singapore. Yesterday's reports said that the tension wes still acute, both in Sourabaya and Batavia. Fighting flared up again in Sourabaya yesterday, but Dr. Soekarno and Major-General Hawthorne arranged for another truce at n'ght.all. The first truce was aoranged by Dr. S.-karr.o on Monday. It lasted only ev might. ' hj? .pricj of the cessation of hostilities in Sburabaya yesterday was £n teusual agreement by which each side rcs'.ored the arms taken from the other, separate areas ' were allotted, and military control of Sourabaya was e::ercised by a joint Indonesian and Eritinh body. Major differences of opinion were to be settled in Batavia jointly by Major-General Hawthorne* and Dr. Soekarno. It is unofficially reported that the Indonesians insisted that no Dutch troops should land and it is also reported that the British frigste Waveney hastily put to sea to intercept two Dutch ships and turn them back. A radio broadcast from Sourabaya in Malay painted the situation as a moral Victory for the Indonesians. "Indonesians Cock-a-hoop" . Observers returning from Sourabaya say there is no doubt that the Indonesians are cock-a-hoop after three weeks of undisputed control of the ci'y, and feel that they are masters M the situation. With tanks, armoured cars, and mortars to back their arguments, they are able to raise the bidding to the limit, and still feel that they are being modest. The general view is that British Pr u S i tige has not been enhanced by the whole tragic episode, but the thinness 5Ln force - a total strength of wOO, mainly Indian troops, left no perceptible alternative to the men on the spot..An official British spokesman, after giving the points of the truce, said that when the latest report was received last night, the arrangement did not appear to be working successfully, at 'east on the part of the Indonesians, who were still shooting. The Indonesians were attacking a British company in the telephone office area. It was believed that the reason for the bring was that orders to cease fire were reaching the Indonesians more slowly than the British, who were able to use v/ireless more. The spokesman said that there was no question of Major-General Hawthorne being forced to accept the terms. He had given the Indonesians orders, which he told them must be earned out. The British did not wish ™ nght the Indonesians,, but they tame only to disarm the Japanese and safeguard the lives of prisoners of war ana internees. It had been agreed y«h the Indonesians that only the £KR (Tentera Keananon Rajat, or reace Preservation Army) and the regular police would be allowed to retain their arms. The extremist group, £RH, also using the name of the Peace .reservation Army, has been ordered 10 be disarmed. Misunderstanding Alleged Dr. Hatta. vice-president of 'he Java h en "*al Council (the Indonesian naonahst body), declared that a misunderstanding of the agreement between Brigadier Mallaby and Dr. Jioestopo (the self-appointed Republi;°n Minister of Defence) was the T? P „ of tile Sourabaya disturbances, si Hatta that the original E eement stated: "To maintain law m order, it is agreed that the Allied II J a Indonesian forces will co-operate." oe said it was also agreed that Japan\?l forces would be disarmed and ;?*?n under Allied control. When ™ed leaflets u-ere later dropped say- ;£ that the Indonesians should be disI Vjed. the extremist leaders regarded 5 as a breach of the agreement. *• Hatta added that the Indonesian ' £ernm<?nt's Peace preservation ?y would disarm the population, g: Soekarno. Dr. Hatta. Mr Sjarii?|n. and Major-General Hawthorne jWied to Batavia from Sourabaya last night, after m-king final fjjSEements for the cessation of hosthe Indonesians.

INDONESIANS IN SUMATRA

LEADER'S WARNING TO DUTCH SINGAPORE, Oct. 30. A warning has been issued to the Dutch East Indies civil administration by Teukoe Mohamed Hasan, the first Indonesian Governor of Sumatra, that any attempt to take over his administration would be made by the Dutch at their own risk. Hasan, who is a graduate of Leyden University, and a former member 01 the Dutch East Indian Government Administration, said that Indonesians were convinced of Admiral Mountbatten's integrity, but he added: "The former Dutch. colonial economic system moved too slowly. We intend to open up country to the fullest extent, and improve the Jiving standard. We have passed the birth stage. The struggle for recognition of pur individuality now faces us. Other free peoples of the world have won through the same experiences—so will we." BURMA'S EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

"DOOR STILL OPEN" FOR NATIONALISTS

(Rec. 5.5 p.m.) RANGOON, Oct. An official statement issued after the breakdown in the talks between the Governor of Burma (Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith) and the AntiFascist People's League, said:— "The Governor must now proceed with the formation of an Executive Council, but he wishes to emphasise that the door is still open. Nothing can deflect his Excellency from his purpose in enabling Burma to achieve self-government as early as possible." The president of the Anti-Fascist League, whose irreducible minimum terms to the Governor caused the deadlock in, the Governor's efforts to include Nationalists in the Executive Council, told Reuter's correspondent that an immediate "Asiatic Potsdam Conference" should be held by the Asiatic peoples to plan a united campaign for freedom. The conference should include delegates from India, Burma, Malaya, Siam, Indo-China Ceylon, the Philippines, China, and Japan (if there was going to be democracy in Japan).

ATROCITIES BY JAPANESE

EVIDENCE AT TRIAL OF YAMASHITA (Rec. 5.5 p.m.) MANILA, October 30. The grim story of how 50 persons were cut to pieces by Japanese troops early this year was told by a Roman Catholic priest, when the trial of General Yamashita, former commander in the Philippines, was continued in Manila to-day. The victims were attacked in a Manila college, 15 of them being priests, and others women and children. While some of thenr, gravely wounded, were hiding behind the ajtar in the chapel, the Japanese set fire to the building Major-General Basilio Valdes, Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army, giving evidence at Yamashita's trial, said he found the half-cremated bodies of his elder brother and nephew in a pit filled with decomposing flesh under the ruins of a paper factory in Manila. He added that the pit was filled with many bodies. He recognised his relatives by their clothes and belt buckles. The widow of a-Filipino colonel told how Japanese soldiers dragged her husband and three sons away for execution after pillaging their home. Argument on the commission's jurisdiction brought out the fact that a military commission is not a tribunal to pass sentence, but an executive body to decide whether Yamashita is guilty. Genera] Mac Arthur himself will decide Yamashita's fate on hearing the commission's recommendations, hence the procedure differs from the policy in Europe under the Allied War Crimes Commission.

Captain Adolf Reel said that the defence would attempt to show that the existence of an underground army without uniforms was responsible for the actions of Japanese troops under Yamashita.

DOCK STRIKE ENDS IN SINGAPORE

(Rec. 11 p.m.) LONDON. Oct. 31. The Singapore dock labourers have returned to work after a 'strike lasting more than a week. Increases in wages have been granted.

U.S. Vote For Relief.—President Truman's recommendation that 137,500,000 dollars should be voted for the work of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration has- been approved, with some - restrictions. These included that no new relief should be sent to any more countries after the end of the year, except for China, After December no money v is to be supplied by UNRRA to other • countries unless they give details of trade agreements. —Washington, October 30. Freemasonry Bocks Sold To N.Z.— Mr N. Spencer, of Auckland, cabled many offers to a sale at Sotheby's for the first portion of a collection of books on Freemasonry belonging to Mr Wallace Heaton. and acquired all the chief items for .a total of £72, including the ballad opera "The Generous Freemason," by William Rufus Chetwood, which was issued in 1731.—London, October 30. j

ALLIED FAR EAST COMMISSION

Russia Not Present' At First Session ADJOURNMENT TO NOVEMBER 6 (N.Z. Press Association—Copyright) ißec. 9 p.m.) WASHINGTON, Oct. 30. The Far Eastern Advisory Commission met for .45 minutes to-day and then adjourned until November 6. . Russia failed to send a representative to the initial session. The United States Secretary of State (Mr James Byrnes), welcoming the members, described the commission as an interesting experiment because of the variety of governments involved. Dr. H. V. Evatt (Australia) served notice that he did not intend that the small nations should be dominated by the Big Powers in the Commission's rneetmgs. Dr. Evatt'objected to any changes in the terms of reference delimiting the Commission's powers, without full information to, and consultation with, the small nations Mr Wei Tao-ming (China) proposed the adjournment, on the ground that more time was needed fov examination of the terms of reference by Britain, America, China, and France. The Associated Press says that he was apparently referring to the current UJks betwesn Moscow and Washington on reconciling their views on Japan. Evidently,, it adds, the adjournment was also taken to give Russia another opportunity to join the sessions.

A Four-Power Council Russia and America are believed to be near agreement on a plan to. create a Four-Power Council for Japan which will not abridge General MacArthur's supreme authority." says the Associated Press. "High United Mates officials indicated that America would accept the establishment of such a Couicil in exchange for Russia's participation in the Far East Advisory Commission. Russia had long contended that a Council comorising Britain, America, China, and Russia should be established in Tokyo in adv"&nce of the formation of the Far East Advisory Commission. ''The United States officials acknowledged that without Russian participation the Advisory Commission would be a failure. They added that the four Powers were negotiating without interruption through diplomatic channels in Moscow. They had discussed three possible courses: (1) expansion of the Advisory Commission's powers; 1 2) establishment of a Four-Power Council; (3) a combination of the first two, with the Commission's regulations amended 50 that it would send advice direct to General Mac Arthur rather than to the member governments, and also the establishment of a Council at Tokyo to advise General Mac Arthur.

It was considered that Russia would not agree to expanding the Advisory Commission's powers, while the United States would oppose the abolition of the Commission because the small Powers would be. affronted. Therefore the most logical suggestion appeared to be the establishment of a fcur-Power executive committee. of the- Commission." NEW BRAZILIAN REGIME VARGAS STILL UNDER GUARD ELECTIONS TO BE HELD ON DECEMBER 2 (Rec. 5.5.) RIO DE JANEIRO, Oct. 30 The Chief Justice of Brazil (Senhor Jose Linhares) was sworn in as President at a ceremony before dawn today. The deposed President (Dr. Vargas) is remaining under military guard in Guanabara Palace until Senhor Linhares decides what to do with him.. While denying that there had been a military coup, the Minister of War (General Pedro Monteiro) said that the army would guarantee the holding of elections on December 2. He added that he had" asked Senhor Linhares to retain the Presidency until after the elections. NEW GOVERNMENT OF VENEZUELA RECOGNITION BY U.S. WASHINGTON, October 30. The United States Secretary of State (Mr J. F. Byrnes) has announced that the United States, after consultations with the other American Republics, has exended full recognition to the new Betancourt Government in Venezuela. GREEK POLITICAL DEADLOCK ATHENS, October 30. Mr Sophocles Venizelos, who was Minister of Marine in the Tsouderos Cabinet of 1944, has informed the Greek Regent (Archbishop Damaskinos). that he has been unable to form a government. He said that the Populists would not allow representatives to stand in the forthcoming elections, and the Liberals had raised questions regarding the electoral- system. It was impossible for him to form a government under these conditions. BULGARIAN NEWS CENSORSHIP DIRECTION ISSUED TO CORRESPONDENTS LONDON, October 30. "The Secretary-General of the Bulgarian Ministry of Information has personally requested British and American correspondents, when reporting matters concerning Allied armies or inter-allied relations, to submit their messages before dispatch to the Foreign Minister (Mr Stainov)," says the correspondent of the "Daily Telegraph" in Sofia. The correspondent says that correspondents would continue to have full freedom from censorship when reporting Bulgarian internal affairs and criticism would be welcomed. He adds: "It is believed that the partial censorship is due to the transmission abroad of reports of Red Army movements towards the Turkish frontier. The Foreign Minister, as president of the commission appointed to carry out the armistice terms, is responsible to the Allied Control Commission for seeing that nothing is published which is contrary to the interests of the Allies or their armies. The Control Commission has a Russian president, General Birvuzov." GENERAL ELECTION IN DENMARK (Rec. 5 p.m.) COPENHAGEN, Oct 30. About 2,000,000 Danes to-day voted for the new Lower House of Parliament .in the first election since the liberation. j Seven political parties put up 771 | candidates for 117 constituencies. The remaining 148 seats in the House will Ibe filled on a proportionate poll of the various parties throughout Denmark. Sympathy Won't Do It One dose of "Baxters" does more good than a ton of sympathy. Baxters Lung Preserver is undoubtedly the finest cough remedy as proved by its popularity. Other remedies come and go, but they all come back to "Baxters." Baxters Ltd., 602 Colombo St.,' Ch.Ch. _2

STRUGGLE IN CHINA

Million Men Said To Be Engaged ROLE OF U.S. FORCES (N.Z. Press Association—Copyright) (Rec. 11 p.m.) LONDON, October 31. 'Messages from Chungking: say that fighting between the Communists and the Central Government armies is spreading in northeast, central, and southern China. It is estimated that more than 1,000,000 are now involved. A Central Government military dispatch, issued to-day, reported that 10,000 Chinese Communist troops attacked Government forces round Chining, on the Peiping-Suiyan railway, in the Inner Mongolia province of Suiyan. The dispatch acknowledged that the Communists had captured Chining. This is interpreted as part of a concerted Communist effort to seize the entire railway, which,' if suceessful.would block the overland movement of Government troops from China to Manchukuo. Meanwhile, reports are being circulated that thousands of Central Government troops have landed at Chinwang, on the Peiping-Mukden railway south of the Great Wall. Lieutenant-General Wedemeyer, commander of the United States forces, has stated that the assistance being given to the Chinese Central Government is solely in the disarming and repatriation of the Japanese in China. It was reported earlier that thousands of Chinese Government troops were going ashore from American transports near the border of Manchukuo.. A Communist spokesman in Chung-king-charged the United States with, interfering in Chinese internal politics. Non-Communist quarters in Chungking said they feared the Communists! might deliberately provoke a clash: with American Marines so as to arouse an agitation in the United States for their withdrawal, '.

The New York "Herald-Tribune" said; "If the strenuous efforts of Russia and America in co-operation cannot prevent civil war, the Chinese should be permitted to decide the issue by battle without outside intervention. The American troops should have been withdrawn. Neither Russia nor America should interfere."

A report yesterday from' Chungking said that talks were still proceedingthere between the Central Government and representatives of the Communists. One Communist representative said that since the defeat of Japan the Communists had received no arms from Russia.

ATTEMPT ON AIR SPEED RECORD FINAL TRIALS OVER COURSE NEW JET ENGINE FITTED TO METEORS LONDON, October 30. The British attempt on the world speed record is to take place on Thursday, if the weather permits and tomorrow's trials are satisfactory. Today's trial was disappointing/ a sea haze interfering. One of the Meteors averaged 527 miles an hour, while another did 590 miles an hour at an altitude. The tests were watched by two officers of the Soviet Air Force. "Group Captain H. J. Wilson to-day i flew the Meteor Britannia over' the speed record course at Heme Bay at more than 500 miles an hour," says the : Air Ministry. "The average in two low-level runs over the course was '527 miles an hour. There was low visi-1 bility. There was also minor trouble with the motors, and the Britannia had to land to repair a piece of broken wing fabric* "Mr Eric Greenwood made three fairly low" flights with a second Meteor, but-on the fourth he fsiled to line up on the course properly because of haze." Jet Engine Development "Britain has I a new jet engine even more powerful than the Derwent, and it is fitted to the Meteors which are preparing to attack the' world speed record," says the aviation writer of the "Daily Mail." ' * ''lt is a Rolls Royce Nene. Cabinet Ministers, representatives of the Dominions, the Allies,' and neutrals yesterday inspected it at the Farnborough aircraft exhibition, which is the biggest ever held in Britain. The Nene develops a thrust of 50001b, which is 10001b more than the Derwent. "A similarly designed engine in America's much publicised Shooting Star gave the aeroplane a performance superior to that obtained with the, American-built turbo-jet, with which it was normally propelled. The Nene was designed and built in five and a half months. "Three other war aeroplanes, which until yesterdey were on the secret list, also' appeared at the exhibition. They are the Vickers Windsor, a fourengined bomber, which is capable of carrying 12,0001b of bombs, the Bristol Brigand, a twin-engined torpedo bomber, and the Martin Baker, a single-seater fighter with a Griffon engine." ' -• I EXCHANGE OF EMPIRE! NEWS ' ■ ! " ONE OF THE GREATEST BASES OF SOLIDARITY" OTTAWA, October 30. The strengthening of 'members of the Empire through the exchange of news was emphasised by the Canadian section of the Empire Press Union in a message to the .Empire Press Union Council supporting its stand for a continuation of thevEmpire penny rate on press copy. - The Canadian section sent a cable message to Lieutenant-Colonel J. J. Astor (president of the Empire Press Union) stating that it viewed with deep concern any intent to withdraw the Empire penny press rate at a time when the exchange of news within the Empire constituted one of the greatest bases of solidarity, now so essential. The cable message pointed out that Canadian newspapers and magazines had greatly increased the published wordage of Empire news in spite of war-time conditions, and stated that increased rates would endanger further increases in the exchange of information between the United Kingdom, the Dominions and the colonies. LOSSES IN BOMBING OF GERMANY U.S. WAR DEPARTMENT'S REPORT LONDON, Oct. 30. The United States War Department has issued a report of a survey of Allied losses in the bombing of Germany. The report, which was made by United States civilians appointed by President Roosevelt, gives the following figures:—killed, Royal Air Force, 79,281; United States, 79,265. Aeroplanes lost: Royal Air Force, 22,000; United States, 18,000. ! The most devastating raid was that on Hamburg in August, 1943, when between 60,000 and 100,000 people were killed and a third of the houses destroyed. The Air Ministry, commenting on the report, states that the figures referring to the Royal Air Force cover the Bomber Command alone, and do not cover the Second Tactical Air Force. Fighter Command, and- the Coastal Command.

BRITISH DOCK STRIKE

LABOUR MINISTER'S STATEMENT "GROWING DESIRE FOR RESUMPTION » (N.Z. Press Association—Copyright) (Rec. 7 p.m.) LONDON, Oct. 30. Reports from various localities indicated a growing desire among the dockers for a resumption of work, said' .the Minister of Labour (Mr George Isaacs), in the House of Commons. The only reason for holding up the negotiations on the claims for. improved wages and conditions was of the men's own making. Government intervention at present, he said, would be contrary to ihe Government's poliey to do nothing that would injure the constitutional machinery for collective bargaining. If there were any expectation that the Government would change this view, he must make it clear that it would not do so. He could give an assurance, however, that negotiations could be resumed within 24 hours of a resumption of worTT . Mr Isaacs added that the Government was taking the necessary steps to deal with cargoes required lor vital purposes. He trusted that, on the. undertaking he hsd given, the trouble would be ended and normal procedure become operative. ; FOOD SITUATION IN BRITAIN "RATIONS SAFE FOR THIS WEEK" (Rec. 10 p.m.) . LONDON, Oct. 31. The Minister of Food (Sir Ben Smith) said that so far as could be seen at present, there was no fear of bread and flour being rationed in Britain. He added that, in spite of the dock strike, Britain's rations were safe for this week. He- announced, however, a cut in the non-priority milk ration from two and a half pints a week to two pints. TRIAL OF NAZI LEADERS PREPARATIONS AT NUREMBURG STATEMENT BY U.S. JUDGE (Special Correspondent N.Z.P.A.)

(Rec. 5.5 p.m.) LONDON, October 30. Reports from Nuremberg say that Mr Justice Jackson, the United States war crimes prosecutor, expects the trial of the 23 major Nazi war criminals to begin there otv November 20 as arranged. He disclosed that von Fapen' and Baldur von Schirach (Nazi youth leader) had already chosen German counsel. Others are nominating alternatives. Raeder and Hans Fritsche are still in Russian custody. Mr Justice Jackson said he had definite knowledge that an indictment hcid been served on Grand-Admiral Raeder. "The trial will be a well-conducted affair and I will do my utmost to prevent the proceedings being draeged out. as at Belsen," he said. "The speed of the trial will depend, on the rules of procedure laid down by the tribunal, and also on the attitude of the defence counsel. We have masses of documents, motion pictures, and stills. If these seem to prove the case against the defendants we will let the case go at that."

He added that under the conspiracy laws recognised in Great Britain and the United States, if it were proved that a defendant had joined in the plan at any stage, he could be considered guilty. There would be no appeal against, the .verdicts, and he doubted whether it would take long to carry out the sentences. It was not known whether death sentences would be carried out by shooting or hanging. The Nuremberg correspondent of "The Times" says: "It is possible, when the Court opens on Novamber 20, that some defending counsel may object that they have not been given sufficient time to.prepare their case. It would then be for the tribunal to consider a further postponement. All plans, however, are going forward for the opening on November 20. "At regular intervals until the opening of the trial the German newspapers and radio are being required to publish a number of notices issued in the name of the tribunal by Lord. Justice Lawrence, its president. One' sets forth six groups and organisations upon whose criminality the Court has to pronounce judgment, concurrently with the trial of individuals who so prominently represent them. These are the Reich Cabinet, the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party, the S.S., the Gestapo, the General Staff, and High Command.

"Notice is given that if any of the groups is found to have been criminal in character its members will be subject to trial and punishment, and that in any such trial-the criminality of an organisation shall be considered proved and not open to question. "The trial of these six bodies has a far deeper significance than that of their protagonists, for it is foreseen that convictions would determine criminality once and for all and that the trials of members could be held in military courts throughout the country with almost the dispatch of a traffic court, A series pf Nurembergs, in other words, is not contemplated."

NAZI BUND IN ! AMERICA NEW YORK, October 30. Fritz Kuhn, the former leader of the German-American Bund, who was recently deported to Germany, may yet have to face an American firing squad for espionage in the United States. The Munich correspondent of the "New York Post" says that conclusive evidence that the bund was established as a Nazi propaganda and espionage agency has been found, among 40 tons of Nazi Party records which have been discovered in Munich. The evidence implicates hundreds of persons in the eastern United States. From these records the story is merging of a Nazi conspiracy to conquer the United States by 1951. The plans were completed in such detail that a flag had been designed for the Nazi-occupied United States—the same red and white stripes but with a swastika instead of stars in the corner. Letters to Joseph Schuster "Gauleiter for the Eastern United States," were sent from many towns and cities, including Chicago and New York, reporting in minute detail the activities of the bund. Kuhn, along with many others, was implicated in these records.

WILLIAM JOYCE'S APPEAL

LONDON, October 30. The appeal against the death sentence by William Joyce ("Lord HawHaw") was begun to-day before the Lord Chief Justice (Viscount Caldecote) and two Judges of the Appeal Court. The day was occupied with legal argument on Joyce's nationality. U.S. Armed Forces.—The United States War Department has proposed to Congress that the Army, Navy, and Air Forces should be placed under a single civilian "Secretary of the Armed Forces," who would be advised by the military chief of staff and a secretariat of civilian assistants.—Washington, October 30. British Attitude on Palestine.—No British action will be taken in Palestine until it is debated in Parliament. Mr Attlee gave this assurance in the .House of Commons to-day. No statement will be made this week. When the Government policy is outlined it will be done by the Foreign Secretary (Mr Ernest Bevin).—London. October 30.

"OMINOUS, SIGNS IN EUROPE"

WARNING AND APPEAL BY GENERAL SMUTS "PEACE ON BASIS OF HUMAN PRINCIPLES" (N.Z. Press Association—Copyright) ■. " LONDON, October 30. Declaring that- ominous signs were appearing in Europe, General Smuts, in a speech in Cape Town; suggested calling an international peace conference. "If decision in the present form of meetings between, statesmen proves impossible, let there be an appeal to a.higher court," he said. "Let an international peace conference be convened and the conscience of the nations brought to bear on the" problems which their leaders find too hard to solve. "The people have already suffered to the limit, and they must insist on a human peace which would save mankind still greater horrors. "The hour' of decision has struck. Peace must be concluded on the basis of the large human principles which all the United Nations have already accepted by solemn declaration during the war." HIGHER WAGES INJJ.S. PRICE LEVEL TO BE MAINTAINED TRUMAN WARNS AGAINST INFLATION (Ree. 11.30) WASHINGTON, Oct. 30. President Truman, declaring that wage increases are imperative to cushion the post-war shock to American workers, sustain an adequate purchasing power, and raise the national income, has issued an executive order permitting wage, rises: (1)' where the percentage of increase in the average ordinary time of hourly earnings since January, 1941, has not equalled the increase in the cost of living between January,- 1941, and September, 1945; (2) where it is necessary to correct inequalities among factories in the same industry or, locality; and (3) where it is necessary to ensure full production in any industry designated as essential to reconversion, also in which existing rates are inadequate for the recruitment of the ' needed manpower. . . Mr Truman, in a nation-wide broadcast, said he believed industry as a whole could afford substantial wage increases without price increases. He added that labour had a stern re--sponsibility to see that the demands for increases were reasonable. Mr Truman castigated the House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee for failure to allow his proposal, for unemployment compensation at the rate of 25 dollars a week for 26 weeks to reach the floor of the. House.

"I hope this committee will fulfil its obligation to the nation and give members of the House an early chance to vote on this important legislation. The passage of the Full Employment Bill will give the American people an assurance that the .Government stands for prosperity and jobs, not for depression and relief." / The President said the Government's policy for transition from war to peace was briefly, as follows:—(1) to assisf in the maximum production of civilian goods; (2) to remove as rapidly as possible Government controls, and also restore collective bargaining and free markets; and (3) to avoid inflation and inflation. Labour Difficulties "One of the major factors in determining whether or not we succeed in carrying out this policy is the question' of wages and prices," he saidr "All of us are deeply concerned with wagei because all are concerned with the well-being of all parts of our economic system. I, like most of you, have been disturbed by the labour difficulties which stand in the.-way of reconversion. I do not think all of us understand how hard a blow our industrial workers suffered in the shift from war production to peace. "The sudden • total victory caused millions of war workers to be laid off with short notice, or none. While we hope to overcome that condition before too many months have passed, unemployment is hardly a suitable reward for the contribution which the veterans and war workers made to victory. The end of the war has meant a deep cut in the pay envelopes •of many millions of workers, of whom already had to take, or will soon have to take, a cut in their war-time pay of one quarter or more. "The reasons for these cuts are; (1) the change-over from a 48-hour to a 40-hour week with consequent loss of overtime; (2) the weekly pay being re* duced because many jobs were reclassified to lower grades; and (3) millions of unemployed in highly-paid war industries now have to find jobs in lower wage employment. "It is estimated that unless the tendency is checked the annual wage and salary bill of private industry will shrink by more than 20,000,000,000 dollars, which is not going to do any section of the country any good. Many people have told me industry Cannot afford to grant any wage increases without obtaining corresponding increases in prices, and have urged me to use Governmental machinery in order to raise both. "This proposal cannot be accepted under any circumstances. It would mean but one thing—inflation—and that invites disaster. We must above all hold a line on prices."

ARMED SERVICES THANKED TRIBUTES PAID IN PARLIAMENT (Rec. 5.5 p.m.) LONDON, Oct. 30. "Every single man and woman to whom we render thanks to-day can look back with pride, on the part, small or large, he or she has played in this greatest of all , deliverances," said the Prime Minister (Mr Attlee) in moving a resolution of thanks to the services in the House of Commons. Mr Churchill, who seconded - the motion, expressed regret that the names-of the war leaders were not included and that they were not receiving monetary awards from the Government. He added that he would have* thought that the name of General Eisenhower might have figured in some stage. . Moving a similar resolution in the House of Lords, Lord Addison said: "We cannot measure what we owe to all who fought. We owe them every right and liberty we possess. The year from June, 1940. to June. 1941, was the greatest year of danger, when we, ! with our brothers of the Empire, stood alone. We must do all we ea n to see that this is not just a transient deliverance, a mere interval before something worse descends on us."

BANK OF ENGLAND CONTROL (Rec. 5.5 p.m.) ■ LONDON, Oct. 30. The Chancellor of the Exchequer (Dr. Hugh Dalton), replying to the Bank of England Bill in the House of Commons, said that after the second reading the bill would go to a select committee for detailed examination He added that what the State was obtaining by taking over the bank was substantially greater than the total sum paid in compensation. -This was what he meant when he said earlier: "It is a good bargain for the State." Jewish Military Organisation.—A military court has sentenced Itzhak Ziegelbaun, the alleged leader of the Jerusalem group of the illegal Jewish military organisation, to seven years' imprisonment for. unauthorised possession" of 200 detonators.—Jerusalem, October 30. ;

TASMAN TEAVEL DIFFICULTIES

MANY PERSONS HELD UP lk SYDNEY | 1000 NAMES 'ON WAITING LISTS (Special Australian' Corresp.. N.Z.P.A.) i (Rec. 9 p.m.) SYDNEY. Oct. 31. Inquiries made at the <New Zealand Government Office, shipping companies' offices, and travel agencies in Sydney disclose a progressive deterioration during the.last six months in sea and air transport for passengers desirous of returning to, or visiting. New At the moment more than 1000 persons have placed their names on the.wai.ting lists of the shipping companies for passages to New Zealand, but there is no early prospect of any sea transport being made available. " Many recent .arrivals by the Andes and Strathmore complain bitterly that they had no conception as to the difficulties they would meet oh arrival here in relation to accommodation, internal transport, and in securing return transport to New; Zealand. They admit that a note of warning v.-as endorsed upon their exit permits, but they contend that the necessity for this warning was.heavily discounted by shipping and travel executives with whom they came'in contact before departure. : \ ■ • "Anyone leaving New Zealand for Australia under' the present circumstances must be prepared to experience a very lengthy delay, ; perhaps running into some s,ix months, before transport for return from Australia csn be secured," said the New Zealand Trade Commissioner (Mr W. Taylor) to-day. "The whole question is one of shipping availability, and until this problem is solved 'travelshould be undertaken only upon very strong justification and • with • due -regard to the factor of indefinite delays." REPATRIATION OF KZ; SERyiCEMEK NAVAL SHIPS'TO BE USED (Special Correspondent N.Z.P.A.) (Rec. 5.5 p.m.) LONDON, Oct. 30. The liner Aquitania wiuVnot, ,'after all, be used to transport New Zealand servicemen home. However, the Mooltan, sailing from Liverpool next Friday, will take nearly, 1000 New Zealanders, of whom naval personnel- will number more than 300, Air'lTorce men 450, and Army personnel about 220. , The aircraft-carrier, H.M.S. Atheling,, is being converted ■; into a troopship and will, it is expected, sail off November 10 with 450 R.N,Z.N',V.R. personnel Another carrier, H.M.S. Queen, is expected to leave on November 25 with 400 men. It is. hoped that the cruiser Berwick will later take 100 men.

RETURNING NAVAL PERSONNEL H.M.S. EMPRESS BOUND FOR WELLINGTON (Rec: 10 p.m.) MELBOURNE, Oct. 31.'. With 400 returning New Zealand naval officers and ratings in her hangars instead of 24 Hellcats, the 12,000ton aircraft-carrier Empress left Melbourne to-day for Wellington. Her pilots flew the 24 Hellcats off the ship to an aerodrome in Ceylon two weeks ago to make room for the returning sailors. * The crew hopes to pack about 600 tons of food for Britain in the hangar space when the Empress reaches New Zealand. NEW P. AND O. SHIP ORDERED 29,000-TON LINER TO COST £2,000,000 (Rec. 5.5 p.m.) LONDON, Oct. 30. The P. and O. Steam Navigation Company has given an order to the Vickers-Armstrong Comnany for , a 29,000-ton liner to cost about £2,000,000. The liner will have a speed of from 22 to 23 knots, which will make it the fastest ship in thi: company's fleet. She will also be the largest. MANPOWER CONTROL IN AUSTRALIA (Rec. 5.5 p.m.) CANBERRA, Oct. 31. The Full Cabinet has approved recommendations by the" Minister' of Labour (Mr E. J. Holloway) regarding manpower. The recommendations mean, in effect, that there is now no protected undertaking in Australia. The only control now remaining is that persons in non-essential businesses have to obtain a permit before employing fresh labour. , ' ■■ . In announcing this the "Prime Minister (Mr Chifley) said that the abolition of all manpower permits by the end of the year was likely. j Art Treasures Returned to France.— A train of 18 waggons loaded with art treasures looted by the Nazis has arrived in Paris from the American occupation zone in Germany. It is estimated to contain nine-tenths of France's stolen treasures.—Paris. Ocjtober 30.