Political Extracts.

Anglo-Maori Warder, Volume 1, Issue 11, 4 July 1848, Page 3

Political Extracts.

REVOLUTION IN FRANCE. The event which we have for some time predicted has been realized: The dynasty of France has undergone another periodical change, land the Government is again in the hands of the people. Louis Pbillipe abdicated on the 34th February, and with his family escaped to England— M. Guixot followed after him. A provisional Government bas been formed, of which M. Bnpont (de l'Enre) is appointed President, and M. Lamartine Minister of Foreign affairs. The circumstances accompanying and succeeding the abdication of tbe Kins, we have gathered fiom various French and English journals, and now present them in order before onr readers. It appeai-s that on Tuesday, tbe 22nd February, a Reform Banquet was to have taken place at Paris, which the Ministry ordered to be suppressed. This excited the populace, and the Revolution broke out. It was said to have been the intention of the Government to have allowed the Banquet to proceed, and only to have protested against it in order to let the question of right be tried before the tribunals, bnt that a manifesto issued by the BFinquet, dangerous to tbe peace of the capital, bad changed the intention of the Government, and obliged them to publish a Proclamation through the Prefect of Police, prohibiting any unlauftil processions or assemblages of the people. A Proclamation was also issued to tbe National Guard, interdicting their attendance at the Bunquet, under the penalties of the law. Gal'ujmmi of the 23rd February sass — We gave, yesterday, in our afternoon edition, an account of the excitement which prevailed in Paris, in consequence of the Reform Banquet. At that lime we entertained hopes that tbe effervescence would pass over without any very serious results, but this, we regret to say was not the case: We now give, flora our oivn observation, and from information drawn from various sources, the details of the most prominent events of the afternoon and the night. In order to be consecutive, we must commence our article with the early part of tbe day. At about ten o'clock, a rather large crowd assembled in the Place du Pantheon, and went towards the|Place de la Madeleine by the ruesiSt. Jaques, des Gres, St. Honore, &c. As they wen: along tbey shouted—"Vive la Reformei" and sang the " Marseillaise," the " Chant du Depart" and the Chorus of the" Girondins." On arriving at the Place de la Madeline, the band, which had considerably increased, dispersed in different directions. At about eleven o'clock, columns consisting of workmen of the faubourgs, and studenlß, marched on to the Place de ja Concorde. These columns were beaded by two National Guards, and one of them crossed tbe bridge de la Concorde, and proceeded towards the Chamber of Deputies, where it was joined by another column, which came from the Gros Caillou. Tbe mob compelled a Deputy who was proceeding to the Chambers, to alight from bis carrige and take olf bis hat. The mob cried—"Olf with yotirhat, down with tbe aristocracy !" Another Deputy was obliged to leave his carriage. Both had to state their names, and to answer a number of questions, after which tbey were allowed to proceed, but on foot. Between eleven and twelve, a compact mass of from 5000 to 0000 arrived in front of the facade of the Chamber of Deputies, shouting—" Vive la Reforme—down with Guizot!'" The gates were closed, but some of them succeeded in rushing up to the colonnade, where they attempted to break open tbe doors, but not being able to do that, contented themselves witbsmashing the windows Several of them actually contrived to reach the Chamber, and to occupy by force tbe tribunes of the public, and of the National Guard. The croud continued its march, and arrived, with the same cries, on the Place du Palais Bourbon. The employes of the Chamber, who form part of the National Guard, were immediately convoked by tbe Chef de battallion, who was present, and having put on their uniform, ranged themselves before the principal doors. Some men in blouses who bad penetrated into tbe interior, were expulsed, and the doors were closed. At this moment, General Tiburce Sebastiani, Commandant of the first military division, arrived, and was followed by a detachment of the SSHb regiment, and by a detachment of the Gib i

dragoons. The soldiers soon removed the rioters tfrom the vicinity of the Cliamber.Mld drove them on 0 the Place de la Conconle. The mob then at. tempted some resistance, and pelted the soldiers. A Commissary of police summoned the people to disperse, as ordered by the law, and on their declining liny were charged wiih drawn swords. o'clock the Boulevards, from the Rue Mont' raartre to the Madeleine, were occupied by an immense crowd, but not so great as to prevent the circulation. The Uue Royale and other streets were also crowded. Ou the Place de la Concorde, an immense ct owd was assembled. The Municipal Guard attempted to drive the Rue basse du Rempart, but they ascended by the steps which led to the Boulevards, and when the guard had passed, redescended again. This game was kept up for some time. The crowds in the Rue de la Cliausse d'Antin, and Louis-le-Grand, were very great, and there were strong delach monts of dragoons in thein. la the Champ Elystes the greater part of the lamps near the Roud Point were broken, and the iron pillars of those of the streets leading to the Fanbourg St. Honore, were forced from the earth, and young trees were cut down. Most of the benches between the Place de la Concorde and the Rond Point, were forced from their stone sockets to add to the barricades. When the ca valry appeared they lighted » tremendous fire in the principal avenue, of all the chairs that lined both sides of the road, sicks of pommea de pin, and finally of an omnibus, which had been thrown into the flames, and of which, towards morning, nothing remained but the iron work. After forming the barricade, the mob attacked a post of sis men, near the Panorama of the battaille d'Eylau. The soldiers had but time to shut the iron gales, whin a workman scaled the iron railing, and mounting the roof, entered by one of the windows; he was soon followed by others, and in a moment the soldiers, perhaps from a desire to prevent bloodshed, fled with precipitation. The post was occupied by the mob, who immediately began to set fire to it. The principal barriers in the quarter of the Champs Blyseea, were invested by bands of lawless ruffians, without leaders, whose principal object was destruction. The offices of octroi, at the Barriere du Route, were filled with trusses of straw and burned to the ground—the guardhouse was also entirely ransacked and the bureaux d'dftroi, omnibus offices and hackney coach stands, as well as several trees, shared the same fate. The eleetric telegrajPnear this barrier was destroyed. But little pillage took place except at this barrier, where the receipts of the day. amounting to upwards of 3,000 francs were carried off by the mob. The Barriere de Courcellea and the Barriere de l'Etoile, as well as the small detached buildings shared the same fate. In the streets in the neighborhood, many of the gas lights were destroyed, and in many parts the cast iron pillars were even wrenched from the ground. On being dispersed in the Place de la Concorde, the mob went to the Champs Elysees, the Rue Royale, the Rue St. Honore, and Rue de Rivoli. Meanwhile other masses arrived on the Boulevards, and as they were not able to reach the Place de la Concorde, and the Champs Elysees, went into the streets near the Church of the Madeleine, and that of the Assumption. A cab was seized in the Rue Dnphot, wbeu the mob attempted to form a barricade, but the Btreet was soon cleared by the Mun'cipal Guard. From 12 to 4, the emeute was concentrated in the Faubourg St. Honore, the Rue St. Honore, up to the Palais Royal, and in the adjacent streets. The confn. sion was so great that it was impossible eren to attempt a description. An attempt was made to form three barricades iu the part of the Rue St; Honore, comprised between the Rue de la Pais, and the Church of St. Rocb. One was in tbe face of the bouse No. 343; a cart laden with stones was overthrown, and the mob used the stones to break the windows of the neighbor" iog houses, especially those of a shop No. 343. The second barricade was near the Rue d'Alger, and the third near the Rue de la Sourdiere. Attempts were also made to form barricades in the Rue St. Hyacinthe, and in the Rue de Pyramids, but no sooner were tie attempts commenced, than the troops posseßsed themselves of the positions, and drove the people away. Whilst this was passing. Col. Bilfeldt, Commandant of the palace of the Tuilieries, marched out at the head of two companies. He was struck by a stone in tbe breast. In the cou'se of the morning a band of about one hundred persons attacked a baker's shop in the Rue des Colonnes, and, after taking away some bread, carried off a large quantity of firewood, but subsequently scattered a large quantity of it about the streets. The mob succeeded in tearing down a large portion of the railing round tlis Church of the Assumption. At five o'clock the crowds in the principal streets were very great, and in the Rue Vivienne and other places they roared tbe " Marsellais." The rappel for summoning the National Guard waß beat-*n in arrondissements. On the Boulevard, near the Porte St. Denis and the Porte St. Martin,* the crowds were I very dense. A deputation from the young men of the schools I went to thcollico of the National, and to the residence ' of M. Ooillon Barrot, Place de la Madi'leine, to deI mand what course they ought to pursue. According ! to the Patrie of last evening they were advised to pre- [ serve order. About the same time (nine o'clock) the shop of M. ! Blancbard, gunsmith, of 56, Rue de Clery, was forced 1 open, and 35 muskets, with eight or nine pairs of pistols, were taken away. When the people began to attack tbe shop, M. Blauchard cried that he was armed, and if they attempted to enter, he would at least kill one. " Nothing is further from our thoughts," said they, " than to insult you or your family, but we must have arms." It is M. Blanchard himself who relates this. Ten minutes after, about twenty National Guards arrived, and, on hearing what had occurred, proceeded to load their muskeis. We are informed by eye witnesses, that between half-past eight and ten o'clock last night, a barricade had begun to be constructed at the extremity of the Rue Clery; the Boulevard St. Denis was occupied by troops, and people were not allowed to pass. In the Rue du Temple there were a number of young men armed with pickaxes and muskets, and tbe Rue St. Honore, from the Rue de la Feronnerie to the Rue Croix-des-Petits-Chaiups, was occupied and intercepted by the troops. By eleven the part of the Marais comprised between the Rue du Temple and the Rue St. Martin was occupied by armed groups, and barricades were set up. At this hour the banicades in the Rue Clery, as also some which had been formed in the little street adjacent, were completely abandoned. Patrols of the National Guards traversed the streets, which were plunged in the most profound darkness. In the course of the afternoon, however, very large crowds assembled, and the guard-house nearly opposite Franconi's circus was besieged, and afterwards set lire to. The National says—We are informed that a a gentral who was near the barricade in the Rue d'Alger, assisted in charging the people. He wns immediately disarmed, and his epaujeltes w rested from him.

Another journal sa\s—"On the 'a Hli, Pans presented a lerrible aspect s firms was heard every where—the troops, the municipal guard, and pint of the national guard, could not resist the force of a justly irritated people, and fled on all sides. The revolution of July was a simple revolt in comparison with the lighting of the 21th, Atone, p.m., the Tuilleries was taken by the insm gents, and sacked throughout. Many of the barracks of the gendarmerie were destroyed. At two, p.m., Louis Philippe abdicated in favour of his grandson, the Count or Paris, under the regencv of tho Duchess of Orleans, and then setofffur England. The Duchess, with hor two sons, the Count of Paris and the Duke of Chartres, accompanied by two orderly officers, a few national guards, and several deputies of the opposition, went on loot to the Chamber o( Deputies, where there weie three hundred members. On airiving in the Chamber she sat down, and M. Dupin, from behind his chair, read the proclamation of the king. This finished, loud acclamations of " Long live the Regent," were uttered by the three hundred deputies; some depulies opposed it. saving i' was too late, you have no longer the right—a question arose, and the discussion took a serious character, when the chamber was invaded by a band of armed people. M. Ledru. Kollin then mounted the tribune, and demanded the establishment of a temporary government. M. Lamartine mase a similar motion, and the president of the chamber, 31. Sauzet, left bis seat, which was taken by M- Dupon. A provisional 'government was then elected of the following perrons : Dupon de l'Eure, President. Arago, Minister of Marine. Lamartine, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Cremieux, Minister of Justice General Subervie, Minister of the Interior. Marie, Minister of Commerce. Gamier Pages, Mayor of Paris. The new Government immediately issued the following Proclamation, through its official organ tho National—- " Proclamation of the Provisional Government. " To the French People,— " A retrograde and oligarchial government lias been overthrown by the heroism of the people of Paris. This government has fled, leaving behind it a track of blood which forbids it ever retracing its steps. The blood of the people has been shed, as it was in July. But this time that generons blood shall not be shed in vain. It has won a national and popular government in accordance with the rights, the progress, and the will of this great and noble people, and the deputies from the departments in the sittings of February 24, is momentarily invested with the charge of organising and securing the national victory. " It is composed of Messrs. Dupon (de rFurc), Lamartine, Cremieux, Arago (of the institute), Ledru, Itollin, Gumier-Pages, Marie. '* The Government has for its secretaries Messrs. Almand-Marrast, Ferdinand-Flocon, Louis Blanc, and Albert. "These citizens have not hesitated an instant to accept the patriotic mission, which was imposed by the urgency of the case. " When blood has flowed, wheu the capital of France is in flames, the mission of tho provisional government is the public safety. All France will listen lo if, and lend it a patriotic concurrence. Under the popular government, which the provisional government proclaims, every citizen is a magistrate. " Frenchmen 1 give to the world the example rcbich Paris has given to France. Trepare yourselves, by order and by confidence in one another, for those strong institu'ions which you are called upon to form. " The provisional government desires a republic; but subject to the ratification of the French people, who shall be immediately consulted. " Unity of the nation, formed henceforth of the classes of which the n.vion is composed; the government of the nation by itself. Liberty, equably, and fraternity for principles. The people for motto, and the password of order. Such is the democratic government which France owes to herself, and which shall have all our efforts for its establishment. "The members of the provisional government." (Here follow the signatures.)

" In the xame op the French People. " The Provisional Government decrees: "The Chamber of Deputies is dissolved. The Chamber of Peers is prohibited from meeting. " A national assembly will be convoked as soon as the provisional government shall have regulated the measures of order and police necessary for the vote of all the citizens. "The provisional government decrees:— *' The meeting of the ex-Chamber of Peers is intei'dicled." (Signed by the members of tho provisional government.)

The Conslitutionnel of the 25th February, referring to the events of ihe previous day, says:— At about half past eleven on tltc 21th February, Louis Philippe, despairing of seeing calm re-esta-blished, decided on signing an abdication in fivour of his grandson, the Count du Palis, with the Regency of the Duchess of Orleans. None of these combinations could succeed.— At this moment the combat had ceased almost everewhere—tbe troops bad laid down their arms—had remitted them to the people—and hardly bad the King Louis Phillipe time to leave Paris when tbe victorious crowd rushed into the apartments of the Chateau. Some or the'furnitnre was precipitated |by tbe windows—the cellars and stores of all descriptions were emptied—a great number of carriages were delivered to tbe flames in the Courts of the Chateau, as was also the furniture, Tbe same scenes passed at the Palais Royal. The principal apartments weio emptied of all they contained, but the piivute apaitmenls were respected. In a few moments tbe news of (he abdication spiead round the Place du Carruusel ; but at this moment tbe municipal guards posted on the Place du Palais Royal, it is not known by whose orders, tired on tbe groups of citizens, and on the national guard presenting themselves on the Place du Carrousel, tbe King, mounted on borse back, passed along the ranks of some troops and of tbe national guards who occupied the court yard of the Chateau, and left Paris at half-pail twelve, after stopping for a few minutes on the Place de la Concorde. Engagements took place on different pointsFront the moment of the catastrophe of Ihe boulev rd de Capucines, the struggle never ceased for n instant in the quarters of St. Denis and St. Mai tin. At nine o'clock it was reported that negotiations were going on, and souu afterwards

the certainty of this fact was acquired, and it was known that concessions had been offered— Marshal Bngeaud, who during the night had been appointed commander-in-chief of the National Guard, had been dismissed almost as soon as appointed, and replaced by General de Lamoriciere. A Thiers and OJilon Bairot ministry was spoken of. The accounts were soon olliciallv confirmed, and an order arrived on the Boulevards for the suspension of hostilities. — About the same time a procession made ils appearance on the Boulevard. In it were distinguished M. Odilon B. r-ot, one of the new ministers, who had with him M. Horace Vernel, in his uniform of an officer of the National Guard, M.M. Oscar Lafayette, Qninettc, and some oilier meinbeis of the Chamber of Deputies. Confused cries were raised, the crowd followed the procession, which took the direction of the Rue St. Denis, on its way to the Hotel do Ville. It slopped at the foot of the great barricade above spoken of. The persons who accompanied M. Odilon Ballot attempted to open a passage for liim. The crowd resisted. M. Odilon Bairot wished to speak, but he could only utter the few follow ing words : " My good friends our common efforts have carried the day. We have re-con-quered liberty, and what is better still—" His voice was drowned by cries of "That is not enough for us. We huve been deceived too often." A man advanced with a very energetic altitude, and exclaimed that concessions had come 100 late. M. Odilon Barrot retraced his steps, and the character of the movement became clearly defined from (be ciies which be beaid resounding on his road. It was in vain thai HI. de Girardin, the bearer of the abdication, ran in all haste to meet the armed population who were advancing on the Tnilleries. It was impossible to stop the determined firing- which was going on between the post at the Chateau d'Eati and the armed men who occupied the court of the Pal>is Royal. It wa6 there that General de Lamoiiriere, who also in vain endeavoured to make himself heard, was slightly wounded. In an hour after, all the Royal Family quitted the Tuilleries. - Fiora this moment the wholeof Paris was in the hands of its inhabitants; the few troops which still remained, withdrew for the most part unarmed lo their respective barracks; at the Palais Royal and at the Tuilleries the furniture was thrown from the windows and burnt, but no pillage appears to have taken place. Order was strictly observed on every point; the barricades erected at the corner of every street were guarded by armed citizens, who displayed the greatest moderation ; and everything induces the hope that persons and property will in no way suffer from a revolution which had become inevitable. The Nalional mentions the following as amongst the ecenemens of the revolution : The flight of Louis Philippe was marked by an incideut which does too much houour to the spirit of our population for us not to be desirous to mention it. At the moment at which the esKing escaped from the Tuilleries, by the gate of the Point Tournant, to reach the little carriage "which was waiting for him, he was surrounded by the people, w ho had precipitated themselves on his passage. The second regiment of Cuii asters, stationed in the Place de la Concorde, hastened to protect his evasion ; but in the situation of things it was powerless to remove hiin from the vengeance of the people. Howevei, this brave regiment, which did not and would cot make use of its arms, endeavoured to facilitate the passage to him. An officer, seeing the peril, cried, "Gentlemen, spare the King I" to which a stentorian voice in the crowd answered, " We are not assassins—let hiin go!'' "Yes, jes, let him go!" became the geneial cry. The people had been too brave during the combat, not to be generous after the vietory. Bui ing the discussion in the Chamber of Deputies the agitation went on increasing to snch a degree, that at last several of the Deputies thought it piudent to recommend the Duchess of Orleans lo remove her sons. The Princess, who exhibited great sang froid and dignity throughout, complied, and was enabled by the protection of several Deputies, and a great number of National Guards, to withdraw. M. Guizot escaped on the evening of the 23d February, from his hotel, by a back door, and set out in a cabinet-courier caleche for Calais. He afterwards repaired to Boulogne, and crossed to Folkstone in an open boat, where he ariived on the 2Gtb. The same evening M. Delessert left the Prefecture of Police in disguise. About ten o'cluck the same night M. Herbert quitted the Chancelleiie bj the door of the Rue Neuve du Luxembourg. He sent several times to Etat Major and to the door Chateau lo demand a reinforcement of troops. He complained, both in his own name and in that of 31. M. Duchatel and Guizot, of having been so gravely led into error by the Minister of War and General Sebasti&ni as to the leeling of the army. 'J he Ministers loudly attributed to Louis Philippe the responsibility of all the measures of rigour w Inch bad been adopted. The Fourse was closed, and would not, it w;is expected, be opened foi some days. In the front, immediately under the cluck, had been jnarked up the words—" Liberte, Egalite, Fralernite." A funeral service was performed on the morning of the 2Sth February, at Notre Dame, and in all the other churches of Paris, foi the repose of the souls of the peisons who died in the conflicts of the 22d, 23d, and 21th. The Atchbishop of Pans, with all the clergy attached to the cathedral, took pail in the solemnity, which was very impressive. The despatch of the Marquis of Normanby, the British Ambassador at Paris, to Lord Palinerslon, announcing the change of government in Paris, arrived in London at half-past eleven on Friday nigbt, the 25th of Febiuary, and reached the minuter in the House of Commons. The Marquis of Normanby bad a piivate, and it is suited, satisfactory interview with M. Lamartine previous to his receipt of despatches from his own Government. Subsequently in consequence of instructions received fiom Lord Palnietslon, he had another interview with the Fieuch Minister, in which he slated that there

was no desire on the part of England lo throw obstacles in the nay of the Provisional Govern ment, and the recent change in France would not auVt the relations of amity which had hitherle existed between the two countries. Mr. Hush, Ambassador of the United States being introduced into the room in which the members of the Provisional Government were silting, recognised the government and presented his warm congratulations, He was accoinpanied by Mr. Martin, first secretary of embassy and Major Poussin, who long resided in North America. The following is a semi-official nccntmt of the interview bettveen the American Ambassador (Mr. Hush,) and the Provisional Government uf France. The American Ambassador spoke as follows— To the Members of the Provisional Government of the French Republic. Gentlemen,- As representative of the United States, and charged with the interests and rights of my country, and of my fellow citizens residing in France, and too far off to wait for t seize ou the first opportunity to offer you my felicitations, persuaded that my government will sanction the course which 1 thus adopt. Nor can 1 either fail tn state to you that the remembrance of the alliance and ancient friendship which have joined together France and the United States is still living and in lull force anions' st us. Lan perfectly convinced that a load and universal cry will arise in glory, under the empire of the institutions which she is now inaugurating, subject to the ratitica - tiou of the national will. All Americans will indulge in ardent hopes that, thanks to the wisdom of France, these institutions will have for the human race those happy results uf which the magnanimous conduct of tlie nation in the late events is so satisfactory a pledge. it is under the empire of such institutions that the United states have, for seventy years, enjoyed a constant prosperity. M. A ago replied that the members of the government received without surpriscjbut with lively pleasure, the sentiments expressed by the Ambassador of the United States. France expected no less from an ally to whom she now drew so close, by the proclamation of the republic. The Provisional Government thanks yon fur the Irishes which you express for the greatness and prosperity of France. It is well pleased to repeat like you, the words of Wasliin ton, and it has full confidence that these words will not merely be a desire, but a reality. M- Dupont (do l'Eure) then approaching the Ambassador, said, Permit me, Sir, in thus tukiair your hand, to assure you that the French people grasp that of the American nation. The Anmassador then withdrew, conducted by three of the Provisional Government. The guard presented arms, andcries of Vive la KepubHqne des Etits Unis saluted the party.