KELLY.

The character of Kelly is very distinct from that of Levy, and the two heads aro as opposite in size, quality of temperament, and general form, as their dispositions are dissimilar; their deportments unlike, and their intellectual leatures diametrically opposite. The only clearly-defined point of resemblance between Kelly and Levy is this, that both are very Bniall in the organ of conscientiousness ; and though Kelly has much more reason and imagination than Levy, yet eVen with these intellectual advantages, his moral character is naturally as low as that of Levy ; though Kelly, if properly trained in youth, could have taken on higher impressions of truth and beauty, and could have become a man of much more general intelligence and refinement. As it is, however, and as it has been in regard to training, the head of Kelly is the much more dangerous of the two to society, inasmuch as there is less conscientiousness in proportion to the size of the other organs ; and there is more secretiveneßS, cautiousness, and reason, the whole force of which combination having been wrongly directed, gave him a power of evil design and evU execution far surpassing that of Levy. Kelly's brain is of the medium size — of a quality of temperament which favours activity and elasticity, and his large destructiveness, acquisitiveness, active imagination and general activity of intellect, make him excitable, irritable, covetous, restless, full of plots, schemes, caprices, inventions, and intrigues, &c, render him expert in all the arts of deception, and totally unreliable and thoroughly absorbed in self when once his mind has given way to the solicitations of his excessive destructiveness and acquisitiveness. Twenty-two inches and a half is the circumference measurement of the head of Kelly ; 14£ inches from occipital spine to individuality ; 15 inches from tho opening of the ear over firmness ; 5 £ inches from opening of ear to centre of individuality ; 10J inches from constructiveness to individuality over benevolence; and 6t inches from comparison to selfesteem. 'It will bo seen that theße measurements vary remarkably from the same measurement in the head of Levy ; and that in regard to, size of brain, temperament, energy and power arising from greater length and height of head, that -Kelly is a man of much more depth and force of character than Levy. When we como to tho very marked difference in the relative strength of some of the organs, we find even a greater dissimilarity of character and tendencies in Kelly to the devising and the execution of schemes which could enter into the head of Levy. The amative propensity of Kelly is not powerful, yet with his temperament and his perverted intellect, this passion would run wild, and under the stimulus of drink would lead him into excesses and follies that would soon get him into trouble and bring grief and destruction on tho head of any one who might listen to his arts of love and flattery. There is a certain kind of tenacity of feeling about Kelly, which, when once excited, would act upon his mental faculties in a remarkable manner, which would take hold of hia imagination so forcibly as to make that appear to be true and real which was only a vision or a fancy, arising from concentrated feeling stimulating an imagination prone to extremes, and eager to realize something marvellous and extraordinary. Kelly must have had strong feelings in his boyhood, but his organs of social sympathy seem to have been blighted, and the cunning and suspicion arising from great secretiveness and cautiousness would, no doubt, tend to make him jealous, doubtful, suspicious, artful, cold, and calculating ; and if ever in any way deceived in his early attachments, would for ever after look upon others with all the force of a dark, hard, and settled suspicion, though his very cunning, and wit, and constructiveness, combined with his large love of approbation, would lend a dash, a swagger, an art, a plausibility, - a tact, a finesse, and an affability to his manner which would assist him to find victims, upon whose confidence he would trade, upon whose means he would live, and upon whose recommendation he would make his way to the confidence of others equally ready to be deceived. Kelly's mind when once alarmed by the fear of detection or interruption in the prosecution of his wicked designs would feel to him like a bottomless pit, into the unfathomableness of which he was perpetually sinking, but in which he was, nevertheless, vainly striving to ascend to the top, animated by a faith in the marvellous, and stimulated by a morbid love of false glory, and everlastingly driven to the verge of insanity by a morbid love of destruction and change, and by a fever thirst of gain and possession. Destructiveness and combativenees driving him onward, cunning and cautiousness making the way tortuous and the path dismal ; in this manner he was ever fighting with imaginary foes, ever suspecting enemies and never enjoying either true repose of body or of mind. From temperament and cerebral organization he was ever at high pressure, and tho influence of stimulating liquors, or the excesses of irregular desires, prompted by the temptations which bad society affords, would make his life a hell upon earth. And though his wit and kis cunning, and his elastic constitution, and his excessive love of approbation would come to his aid, and prevent the appearance of the effects of the terrible wear and tear to which his mind was subjected, he would nevertheless exhibit to the eye of the observer the most deplorable uneasiness and anxiety, when left without the means of gratifying his excessively curious, sly, plotting, and selfishly active mind. The absence of a proper degree of self-es-teem, would leave him much a prey to the opinion of his mates, and large destructiveness. would make him viciously resentful against a rival, and, as benevolence is really a very defective principle in his nature, he would have no regard to the feelings of others when anything was desirable to gratify any immediate want, desire, fancy, or whim. Such natures as that of Kelly would sacrifice hundreds to place themselves in safety, and the only reason they can understand for not sacrificing their masters, or those of greater power than their own when placed over them, is that it would be dangerous to show a front of opposition, and therefore Kelly's union with Burgess was based partly upon fear, and partly because he had intellect enough to see that the daring of Burgess was a moans to the attainment of the end of plunder, which was dear to the mind of Kelly, but which was often misty, and doubtful, and distant, until the prompt mind of Burgess dictated and directed the way. The lore of food (or

alimontivcness) in Kelly is only moderate, hence his liability to lose his appetite when much distressed iibout his personal safety. His love of life is large. This, with great cautiousness, and large marvellousness, will give rise to the most anxious solicitude about his own life, and make him feel horrified at the contemplation of a place of future punishment. But the whole nature of KelLy is so likely to become perverted irom the absence of conscientiousness, that it is hard to speak with certainty upon his religious convictions of rewards and punishments. There is, however, one thing certain, that both the head and the character of Kelly indicate a Btrange, irregular combination of fear, falsehood, craftiness, deceit, speculation, vanity, and superstition. It is fortunate for me, in this instance, that I possess a document, given to me by Kelly in the gaol, after I had made my examination of his head iv the presence of his Honour the Superintendent, which document clearly harmonises with the truth of Phrenology as it regards the manifestations of the natural language of the organs, which are in his head largely developed, and which speak so plainly in the words of the document referred to as to cause me to give an exact version of it at this stage of my delineation of his character, in order that you who like to study the connection between brain and mental manifestation may be enabled to judge for yourselves. Tlie following was given to me by Kelly, with an air of great secrecy, courtesy, and confidence, and with an expressed desire tbat I might make what use I pleased of it to the public of Nelson : — It is a pity for to see In a cell Tommy Kelly, Who has been judged wrongfully To die the death otignomy, • Through not proving an alibi, "Which would at once have set him free From wilful, corrupt, gross perjury. "^ But to the callows lie must go, Compelled irop friends to "part ; Hard as it is, it mast' be so, . • But still it grieves his heart To die for murdering of a man , He never saw in all his life, To appease the monster Sullivan's Bloodthirsty, deadly strife. These are my dying words to God, , Before whom I'll soon appear ; So man do not think it strange or odd, But believe it with a tear ; As unhappy Tommy Kelly can Sign this with conscience clear Of telling lie to his fellow-man, Or to his God, whom he does fear. But 'tis so, God's will must be done, Kelly's life-blood will soon cease to run. And may the Nelsoninns kindly agree, That Tommy's been murdered, and ought to bo free. Oh do this, 'tis the wish of ono broken ncarted, To have justice done him, when he is departed ; And may God bless every body, that is my prayer, For I ought not to be here, I solemnly declare So now I dwell, and bid farewell, to*friends both far and near, And may the Lord havo mercy upoajno, before whom I must appear, , As 1 have never spilt man's blood, tince on this earth I've stood, But been a kind good-hearted man; at times I've not been good. So good-day, and good-bye to all, and a sorry day and a sorry bye upon myself will fall. But God will help me in my difficulties, both great and small, And will not allow Kelly in the pifofhell to fall. Now farewell to mankind, farewell,^ the world, farewell to the land I live in ; "' And when I'm gone, Oh do not wrong mo, I'm innocent as true as there is a hca\ en ; So now I'll make up my mind to die happy, fully believing nobody will wrong me — Unhappy, unfortunate, much injured Tommy; good-bye again from broken hearted Kelly. In this effort at poetry, Kelly has left behind him a song of death, in which are clearly portrayed some of the strongest features of his character; viz, vanity, falsehood, superstition, perverted intellect, and such a comic mixture of vivacity and gloom, of the love of the praise of men with the pretended fear of God, that it is hard oven for a generous and thoughtful mind to know whether to treat it as a jest or a triek — the result of ingenious design — or to receive it as the impulsive offering of a mind partially repentant, but still clinging to a hopo that a last effort may be made for the sparing of his life ; or perhaps with the sincere desire that at least the Nelsonianß may not judge hjm to be worse than he really is. At all events, there is an air of vanity, self^Effi^tencyofireligioNi^geUng— such as it is — and of such total untruthtulness, as to make it now appear to me that this is the proper place to state the relative development of the organs of his mind with a view to your understanding the sources from which his peculiar idiosyncracies spring : — Amativeness, 16 ; love of oii'spring, 17 ; inhabitiveness, 17; concentrativeness, 17; adhesiveness, 16 ; combativeness, 18 ; destructiveness, 20 ; love of life, 18 ; alimentiveness, 16 ; secretiveuess, 19 : acquisitiveness, 20 ; constructiveness, 18 ; self-esteem, 16 ; love of approbation, 19 ; cautiousness, 20 ; benevolence, 16 ; veneration, 16£ ; firmness, 16 ; conscientiousness, 14 ; hope, 15 ; wonder or marvellousnes3,]B; ideality, 17. ; sublimity, 17 ; imitation, 18 ; individuality, 18 ; form, 17 ; size, 18 ; weight, 18 ; colour, 17 ; locality, 18 ; number, 16& ; order, 17i ; eventuality, 18 j time, 17 ; tune, 17* ; language, 18 ; comparison, 17 ; causality, l7i ; wit, 17. Temperament— 3% parts nervouß, 2£ parts sanguine, and 2 parts fibrous. Now, it will be seen that combativeness, destructiveness, accretiveness, acquisitiveness, cautiousness, love of approbation and marvellousneEs, are all much larger than the affections or the moral sentiments, of benevolence and conscientiousness ; hence the vicious, selfish, vain, relentless cunning, and thoroughly unprincipled character of the man ; and when we see that self-esteem, and firmness, and hope, are but moderate, we can account for the whining, the despondency, the lack of dignity and the wavering indecision which have characterized his deportment throughout his trial and during the whole time of his imprisonment. His intellect is certainly fairly developed, and he has displayed some remarkable traits of intellect mixed with cunning, which have given evidence that, had his talent been properly directed, he would have become a knowing man in the business of the world, and have managed, by tact and ingenuity, to hold his own even among men much superior to himself in many other respects. His memory is good and observation strong, but both liable to irregular action from irritable temperament and from excitable imagination. His language and ideality aro good, but the same defects will mar the effect, beauty, and correctness of his speech, therefore he will seldom make a successful display as a speaker, and the very excesses of his fear and cunning will make him so nervously alert as to prevent his mind from feeling calmly or seeing clearly; therefore, at best, Kelly's intellect is nearly as uncertain as Mb temper, and while lie will sometimes manifest wonderful keenness and acuteness, readiness and ingenuity, he will, at other times, display confusion and absurdity; and while he often succeeds in deceiving others, he, by excess of _ cunning and fear, and superfluity of art. and invention, will likewise often be caught in the snare he sets to entrap others. He would cogitate with hellish intensity of thought for a week in the working out of some diabolical design, and would laugh in derision at the discomfiture of his imaginary enemies ; but when the time arrived for the fiendish work, he would require a bold assistant to keep him steady to his aim ; and without a mind to direct him, and to nerve him to firmness, he would shrink from the self-imposed task, in which his imagination had revelled in conceptions of triumph, and would become overwhelmed by the fears and dangers of his own creation. If, however, he saw that all was Bafe for the accomplishment of his design, he would coolly perform his work, however horrible, because of the Binallness of his conscientiousness and benevolence as compared with the great size of cautiousness, secretiveness, destructiveness, and acquisitiveness. It would be tedious, else I could give a few anecdotes of his conduct which would mark at once his callousness and his cunning, his love of trickery and deception, and his utter insensibility to his true position as a man in prison, having only a few days respite from the rope of the hangman. Kelly's love of gambling, his love of dress and display, and his tendency to dwell in regions of wild imagination, in connection with his belief that something extraordinary would turn up to his advantage — all these things tended to warp an average intellect ; and when we know that his family are a family of thieves and murderers, we have but little difficulty at arriving at the conclusion that the intellect of Kelly was easily perverted, and that it is very unlikely that any true impreeeiong were made in early life

upon his mind to vivify and strengthen his moral and spiritual nature. In Kelly we 6ee the abuse ~of intelligence, and tho effects of a nature naturally depraved and left uncultured in true philosophy, in true religion, and in the exercise of moral sentiment. Addenda to the Character of Kelly, since listening to hia extraordinary statement, with the gallows in his view, and after witnessing a scene in which Kelly was the chief— a scene of wretchedness, wildness, madness, depravity, and blasphemy, such as is not to be equalled by the most awful accounts in the calendars of the crimeß of any country. It will be enough for you who know a little about phrenology, to simply refer you to the extraordinary development of destructiveness and secretiveness in the head of Kelly, as evidence of his cunning and ferocity, especially when I refer you at the same time to the very marked defect of all his moral organs, and particularly of that of conscientiousness. You will, I am sure, find it easy to see the close connection which subsists between his character as proved to you and his form of head, as now presented to you on the table before me. Small conscientiousness and large love of approbation account for tho awful extent of wickedness and falsehood which have been manifested by Kelly, in order to gratify his vanity, his desire to stand well in the eyes of man even when about to rush into the presence of his Creator. His maniacal ravings about God, hell and the devil, show the terrible perversion of his imagination, which is large ; and his defective veneration, small benevolence, and largo destructiveness, and secretiveness, would prompt him to seek to overturn the moral constitution of things in order to feel and to appear as a leader among men. These vain desires, however, are impotent, even upon himself, because he lacks firmness and true self-esteem ; hence" hiß vacillation, hence Mb drivelling idiotic manner, and terribly troubled, confused and agitated mind; hence the marked contrast between him and Burgess. The latter bore himself like a king among devils, Kelly appeared to deserve the scorn of friends. With a presumption that sought to grasp the infinite, he showed the utter helplessness of childish cowardice, and while protesting his belief and faith in God, he was absolutely weeping because of fear of losing the praise of men. Impotent to bring peace to his own mind because of the horrible perversion of his intellect throughout a life of plunder and murder, he seemed to realise the very idea of an actual hell upon earth, by the brainrending shrieks of misery which he uttered, and by the marks of awful agony and despair pictured in his face, as the evidence of the present working of his mind. If ever, in the history of the human race, the curse of sin was fully manifested in the manner and countenance of any man, that man was Thomas Kelly ; and though the remnant of his common humanity that was left in him struggled fiercely to be recognised as a brother, and not a murderer of mankind, it was painfully evident to all spectators, that he was in reality a murderer of the most cruej type, though in the act of heapjng praises upon the heads of men who sought not for his praise, but for the truthful and contrite confession of his guilt. Look at the width of the base of the brain of Kelly ; look at the height, and especially at the width of the temporal regions — the situation of the organs of con6tructiveness and imagination ; look at the size of the reasoning powers, and then look at the marked activity of his nervous, sanguine temperament; look at all these things, and think of his career of cf ime, and you will soon see enough to account for the racter of Kelly in all its main features of perveiftd energy and intellect which have been displayed $>y him since his advent in Nelson ; and descend to the base of his brain, and look at theh flatness of the coronal region, and you find the true sources of the active viciousness and terrible profanity and depravity of his character. It would have required a moral training of the firmest and most philosophical kind, to have directed and maintained such an organisation in _aLiConisewhich would have been in harmony with even the common amenities and proprieties of Bocial life. The conclusion of this lecture, containing the characters of Sullivan and Burgess, with many interesting particulars of their lives, will appear next week.