Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department.
CATALOGUE OF THE ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND, WITH DIAGNOSES OF THE SPECIES.
BY FREDERICK WOLLASTON HUTTON, F.G.S., C.M.Z.S
ASSISTANT GEOLOGIST.
NEW ZEALAND.
JAMES HUGHES, PRINTER, LAMBTON QUAY, WELLINGTON.
1872.
PREFACE.
The long coast line of New Zealand, with the many towns and villages situated on its bays and inlets, gives to naturalists in this country unusual facilities for studying the habits of the denizens of the sea; but observations on the habits of an animal, however interesting they may appear to be, are almost useless to science unless the observer is acquainted with its scientific name; and it is with the view of enabling New Zealand naturalists to ascertain the names of some of the animals that live on our coast, that this catalogue has been prepared. As no means have as yet been devised for maintaining a marine aquarium in a healthy condition without a constant stream of sea water passing through it, which generally entails considerable expense, the following description of a very simple, but at the same time very efficient, apparatus may prove of use:—Get two ordinary digger's "tin-dishes," one of which is so much smaller than the other that, when placed inside the larger one, the fingers can get round its edge so as to lift it up evenly and safely; perforate the bottom of the smaller dish with numerous small holes, and the apparatus is complete. The larger dish is to be filled with sea water, and the smaller placed inside it with the animals, etc. Every evening the inner dish is to be lifted carefully out, a fresh supply of sea water put into the outer one, and the inner replaced as quickly as possible. The inner dish should have a layer, half an inch deep, on its bottom of fine grit, just too large to pass through the holes in the bottom, and on this two or three stones with seaweeds growing on them may be placed, but care must be taken not to have too much vegetable life. When crabs are the object of study, it will generally be found necessary to have a tin plate, with the centre cut out so as to leave an edge about two inches broad projecting over the interior of the inner dish, placed over the top, otherwise they will climb out. An aquarium of this shape will be found much more convenient for studying the habits of animals than the ordinary deep-sided glass tanks, and when an animal is wanted for
REFACE.
iv.
examination it can be much more readily caught without disturbing the others.
In 1842 but one species of Echinodermata was known to inhabit New Zealand; since then nine others have been described in various publications in England and America, thus making our list up to ten species. In this catalogue thirty-four species are described, eighteen of them being, as far as I can make out, new to science, and six previously known as inhabiting other countries, but now, for the first time, included in the Fauna of New Zealand.
F. W. HUTTON.
Colonial Museum, Wellington, November, 1872.
INTRODUCTION.
The animals included in the class Echinodermata are commonly known as Star-fish, Brittle-stars, Sea-eggs or Sea-urchins, Sea-slugs or Seacucumbers, etc. They are all covered with a more or less leathery skin with variously shaped calcareous plates (dermal plates or ossicula) embedded in it. In the adult the external parts are arranged symetrically round a central axis, or on what is termed the "radiate type but in the embryonic stages they are arranged symetrically on either side of an axis, or on what is termed the "bilateral type."
In the Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) the body is encased in a shell or test, which is composed of twenty rows of hexagonal plates arranged in ten alternating zones, which pass from one pole of the animal to the other, each zone being composed of two similar rows. Five of these zones are composed of large plates not perforated, and are called the inter-ambulacral areas. The other five zones are called the ambulacral areas, and are composed of smaller plates perforated by minute holes, through which are protruded the suckers, which act as feet. The plates are covered over with polished tubercles; of these the largest (primary tubercles) are disposed in regular lines, while intermixed among the larger ones are numerous smaller ones (secondary tubercles) more irregularly placed. On these tubercles spines of different lengths are placed. The mouth is usually armed with calcareous teeth, and is always situated on the lower, or inferior surface of the body; while the anal aperture is sometimes on the lower, and sometimes on the upper, or superior surface. Surrounding the anus is a series of five large plates, each of which is perforated for the emission of the duct of an ovary or testis (genital pores); one of these plates is larger than the others, and supports a spongy tubercle, perforated by many minute apertures (madreporic tubercle). The sexes are distinct. Dispersed over the surface of the body are great numbers of minute appendages called Pedicellar iæ, but their nature, whether part of the animal or a parasite, is not yet known.
vi.
INTRODUCTION.
In the Star-fish ( Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea) the body is flat, pentagonal, or star shaped, and consists of a central body or disc, surrounded by five or more lobes or rays. The skin is strengthened by irregular moveable plates (dermal plates or ossicula), and often studded with calcareous spines. The mouth is inferior and central, and the anus is either dorsal or absent. In the Asteroidea the mouth is not provided with teeth, but in the Ophiuroidea it is surrounded with a masticatory apparatus called mouth and teeth papilla. In this family, also, each ray is enclosed by four rows of calcareous plates (ray plates), and on the upper surface of the disc, where each ray is attached, there is often a pair of larger plates called the radial shields. In the Holothuroidea, which'includes the Tepangs or Beches-de-mer, the body is elongated, and is contained in a tough skin containing minute calcareous plates of various shapes (dermal plates). The mouth is surrounded by a circle of branched tentacula, which can be protruded and withdrawn at pleasure; within this zone there is a circlet of calcareous plates imbedded in a muscular ring called the oval or dental apparatus.
SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES.
CLASS: —ECHINODERMATA.
Body radiate; skin more or less leathery, with variously shaped calcareous plates embedded in it.
Order:—Ophiuroidea.
Page
Star-shaped, without ambulacra on their under surfaces.
Ophiuridæ.—Genital fissures two or four; anus simple... ... ... 1
Order: —Asteroidea.
Star-shaped; ambulacra on the under surface of the rays.
Asteriadæ.—Ambulacra with four rows of suckers ... ... ... 4
Astropectinidæ.-Ambulacra with two rows of suckers; body star-shaped, with spines ... ... ... ... ... ... ...6
Pentacerotidæ.-Ambulacra with two rows of suckers; body without spines 7
Asterinidæ.- Ambulacra with two rows of suckers; body pentagonal, with spines ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9
Order:—Echinoidea.
Rounded, covered with immoveable plates.
Cidaridæ.—Mouth central; anus central, superior ... ... ... 10
Clypeastriæ. Mouth central or sub-central; anus excentric, superior, or inferior ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12
Spatangidæ.—Mouth excentric; anus terminal ... ... ... 14
Order:-Holothuroidea.
Elongate, soft; skin with minute dermal plates.
Holothuridæ.— Suckers present ... ... ... ... ... 15
Synapdæ.—Suckers absent ... ... ... ... ... 16
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
ORDER:-PHIUROIDEA.
Brittle Stars.
Free; rays five, long and slender, without ambulacra on their under surfaces; dermal plates moveable.
FAMILY0:—OPHIURIDÆ.
Rays not branched, with spines along their sides, long, without ambulacra, and affixed to a rounded disc.
Ophiothrix.
Disc with scales and spines, or thorny grains; radial shields large triangular swellings bounded on the inner sides by ridges; ray spines numerous, long, flattened; a small spine-like tentacle scale; outer ray joints with hooks.
West coast of America, Sandwich Islands, Society Islands, Australia, India, South Africa, West Indies, European seas.
1. OPHIOTHRIX CÆRULEA. sp. Nov.
C.M.
Disc pentagonal, the sides with re-entering angles; radial shields naked, shagreened, the outer corner curved upwards, each pair separated by three rectangular plates, each bearing one or two long, tapering, rough, spines; centre of disc, and a band between the pairs of radial shields covered with small scales, each bearing a single spine. Rays about four times the diameter of the disc; under ray plates cordate, with the point truncated and turned inwards; upper ray plates rather broader than long, with the sides produced into angles and bent down; spines longer than the breadth of the ray, tapering and strongly spinose,
A
2
ECHINODEEMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
arranged in three rows. Mouth shields rhomboidal; tooth papillæ three in a row, except the lowest, which has only two.
Pale blue, with a band of purplish white, edged with purplish black, down the centre of the upper surface of the rays; under surface of the rays white; disc mottled with purplish; mouth papillæ yellowish.
About 3 inches from the tips of the rays.
Ophionereis.
Disc covered with flat, equal, imbricating scales; smooth spines along the sides of the rays; one large tentacle scale; each upper ray plate furnished with a supplementary piece on either side.
West Indies, Red Sea, West coast of America, Tasmania.
2. OPHIONEREIS FASCIATA. sp. Nov.
C.M.
Disc round; radial shields small, half-covered, parallel, distant; scales small, larger near the margin; rays five to six times the diameter of the disc; under ray plates squarish, outer edge straight; upper ray plates rectangular, broader than long, outer edge concave; spines rounded, slightly tapering, about equal in length, longer than the breadth of the ray, placed in three or four rows; tentacle scale large, rounded, oval. Mouth shields broadly ovate; mouth papillae small, round, and blunt, four on each side.
Yellowish white, the rays banded above and below with purplish blacky and the disc irregularly marked with the same colour; mouth shields black; mouth papillae white.
About 5 inches from the tips of the rays.
Wellington; Chatham Islands (H. Travers).
Ophiactis.
Disc circular, covered with radial shields, and overlapping scales, the latter with small spines.
West coast of America, West Indies, Mediterranean, English coast, Nicobar Islands, Sandwich Islands.
3. OPHIACTIS NIGRESCENS. sp. Nov.
C.M.
Radial shields narrow, oblong, widely diverging, shagreened; remainder of disc covered with small scales, bearing short round spines, giving them a granulated appearance; rays five, about six times the diameter
ECHINODERMATA OP NEW ZEALAND.
3
of the disc; under plates broader than long, inner and outer margins convex, lateral margins concave; upper plates wedge-shaped, with the point truncate and turned inwards, outer margin convex; spines cylindrical with blunt points, shagreened; four in a row, the upper much longer than the others, and longer than the breadth of the ray; mouth shields oblongo-pentangular, point outwards, narrowed inwards.
Dark brownish black.
About 6 inches from ray to ray.
Ophiura.
Disc granulated; ray spines numerous, shorter than the joints; two tentacle scales; an indentation in the back of the disc.
West Indies, New York, Mediterranean, Rio Janeiro, South Africa, West coast of Central America.
4. OPHIURA MACULATA. Verrill.
C.M.
Pectinura maculata, Verrill, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XII., 388.
Disc round, or sub-pentagonal; ray four or four and a half times the diameter of the disc, tapering, rounded, or sub-carinate above; under ray plates sub-octagonal; upper plates broader than long, generally divided into two or more pieces; side plates with nine or ten nearly equal, slightly pointed spines, more than half covering the next plate; mouth shields broadly cordate, the point inwards; mouth papillæ 6-8, the two outer ones broader; teeth six; side mouth plates more or less lenticular, broader than long.
Pale reddish brown, darker towards the points of the rays, spotted with darker.
About 16 or 17 inches from the tips of the rays.
Common. Chatham Islands.
5. OPHIURA CYLINDRICA. sp. nov.
C.M.
Small; disc sub-pentagonal; rays from three to four times the diameter of the disc, scarcely tapering, and rather flattened above; lower ray plates longer than broad, outer edge convex; upper plates convex on the outer edge and tapering inwards, nearly as long as broad; side plates with six equal, rather pointed, short spines, which do not cover half of the next plate; mouth papillae 6—8, the two outer ones broader;
4
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
mouth shields irregular, cordate or lenticular, sometimes obsolete; side mouth shields the same.
Pale yellowish brown, rays with dark brown transverse bands, edged with black, on the upper surface, and the disc spotted and mottled with the same.
About 2¾ inches from the tips of the rays.
ORDER:—ASTEROIDEA.
Star-fish.
Free, star-shaped, with ambulacra of double pores on the under surface, extending from the mouth to the end of the rays, which are developed from the body; dermal plate moveable.
FAMILY: —ASTERIADÆ.
Back reticulated and covered with spines or tubercles; ambulacra with four rows of feet.
Asterias.
Rays few; skeleton netted, with a single mobile spine at each anastomosis of the ossicula; body covered with more or less prominent mobile spines.
Europe, North America, Chili, Australia.
6. ASTERIAS MOLLIS, sp. nov.
C.M.
Rays five, broad, rounded, tapering; between three and four times the width of the disc; spines single, acute, in longitudinal rows on the rays, but irregularly placed on the disc; about nine rows of spines on a ray, the two lowest on each side placed close to the ambulacra, the outer composed of longer spines; ambulacral spines shorter, in two rows.
Diameter about 4 inches.
Margaraster.
Skeleton largely reticulated, with smooth conicals between the reticulations, which are sharp edged and studded with rounded granules ; ambulacra bordered with a series of small short spines.
Pacific Ocean.
5
ECHINODERMATA OP NEW ZEALAND.
C.M.
7. MARGARASTER? SCABER. sp. Nov.
Rays seven, rounded, tapering, with six rows of spines on each ray, the two lower ones on each side placed close to the ambulacra, the upper on the side of the ray; rays from three to four times the width of the disc ; upper surface covered with granular tubercles, which have occasionally a spine in the centre; occasionally an interrupted row of spines on the top of the rajs; ambulacral spines slender, in two rows.
Diameter about 6 inches.
Cœlasterias
Rays swollen, numerous, free nearly to the base, and united beneath by a group of interradial plates; interambulacral plates united directly to the first row of ventral plates, and these to a second row of larger plates without the intervention of open spaces; dorsal surface with large, strong, imbricated, irregularly arranged plates, bearing numerous short spines.
The general aspect is that of Solaster.
New Zealand only.
8. CŒLASTERIAS AUSTRALIS. Verrill.
C.M.
C. australis, Verrill, Trans. Connecticut Acad. of Arts and Sciences, I., Part 2, March, 1867.
Rays eleven or twelve, shorter than the breadth of the disc; upper surface covered with irregular reticulated ridges bearing short, thick, clavate, rounded topped spines; on the rays these ridges are arranged transversely. Ambulacra rather narrow, inner row of spines in transverse pairs, longish and slightly clavate; median row single or in longitudinal pairs, shorter and thicker than the inner row; outer row in clusters of fours, the two outer shorter than the two inner. Madriporic plate half way between the centre and edge of the disc.
Yellowish brown, ambulacral spines white.
Coscinasterias
Rays numerous, elongated, slender, united only at the base, without interradial plates; disc small, spines prominent, arranged in longitudinal rows on the arms; ambulacra broad, suckers very numerous.
New Zealand only.
6
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
9. COSCINASTERIAS MURICATA. Verrill.
C.M.
C. muricata, Verill, I.c., p. 248.
Rays eleven, in the adult about three times the diameter of the disc; upper surface covered with papillae, each bearing a single spine; ambulacra very broad, margined with two rows of spines, inner single, cylindrical, erect; outer double, sloping away from each other, and looking as if bifurcated, but not connected at the base, longer than the inner series; ambulacral spines longer and more slender.
Brown or reddish brown, more or less marbled with deep blue; below yellowish white.
Diameter of largest about 8.5 inches.
FAMILY:—ASTROPECTHSTIDÆ
Back flattish, netted, with numerous tubercles crowned with spines; ambulacra with only two rows of feet.
Astropecten.
Margin of the rays ciliated with a series of simple elongated spines, and with a series of large regular tubercles; ambulacral spines simple, linear.
All seas.
10. ASTROPECTEN ARMATUS. Gray?
C.M.
A armatus, Gray, Synopsis of the Species of Star-fish, p. 3.
Arms about twice the diameter of the disc, tapering, with straight sides, and bordered with tubercles, each of which carries a single erect spine; sides of the rays fringed with long tapering, pointed, shagreened spines; upper surface granulated with tubercles bearing groups of short spines set close together; centre of disc prominent; lower surface with thick transverse plates covered with short clavate spines; mouth papillæ in two rows; mouth plates oval, hollowed in the centre.
Yellowish brown (dry); ray spines white.
About 6 inches in diameter.
South America.
Henricia.
Rays five, round, tapering, dorsal wart obscure, often hidden by spines.
Europe.
7
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
11. HENRICIA OCCULATA. Penn?
C.M.
H. occulata, Gray, Synopsis of Star-fish. Cribella occulata, Forbes.
Rays about twice as long as the disc, blunt, with a terminal tubercle; disc and rays covered with oblong reticulating tubercles crowned with clusters of very short rough spines; ambulacra with a series on each side of short spines placed in groups of about six.
Light reddish brown, darker below (dry).
Diameter from tips of rays about 2 inches.
This species answers very well to Forbes' description, but I cannot make out any tubercles near the ambulacra.
FAMILY:—PENTACEROTIDÆ.
Body covered with roundish or elongated plates, covered with a smooth or granular skin; vent none.
Astrogonium.
Body pentangular, flat above and below; both surfaces covered with granulated plates; margin protected by a double series of granulated shields; ambulacra with cylindrical truncated spines, in groups of four, of equal size, and with a series of similar, but rather larger, spines on their sides.
North Sea, Port Natal, Australia.
12. ASTROGONIUM MILIARE. Gray.
C.M.
A. miliare, Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 80; Synopsis of Star-fisli, p. 10.
Rays from one-half to one-third the diameter of the disc, rounded at the end; marginal shields on each side, covered with uniform close granules; dorsal plates rather convex, covered with uniform granules.
Dark red or brown.
About 4 inches in diameter.
13. ASTROGONIUM RUGOSUM. sp. nov.
C.M.
Rays as long as the diameter of the disc, rather pointed; marginal shields 2525 on each side, covered with uniform close granules; dorsal plates flat, covered with uniform granules.
Reddish brown (dry).
About 4 inches in diameter.
8
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
Pentagonaster.
Body pentagonal, covered with convex smooth plates, those of the under side with a central sunken line with a central perforation, and a small pit at each end; marginal shields near the tips of the rays very large and swollen.
China, Australia.
14. PENTAGONASTER PULCHELLUS. Gray.
C.M.
P. pulchellus, Gray, Synopsis of Star-fish, p. 11.
Sides concave; marginal shields 6/6, the apical ones very large and inflated, sometimes with a very small shield interposed between the angles; upper surface covered with moderately large convex plates, each plate, as well as the marginal shields, bordered by a single row of small granules; ambulacra rather narrow, bordered by a double row of short blunt spines.
Reddish brown (dry).
Diameter 4 inches.
Most of the plates on the under-surface have the sunk line, and occasionally they are seen on the lower marginal shields; sometimes there are two sunk lines on one plate.
China, New Zealand; found also at the Chatham Islands (H. H. Travers).
C.M.
Var. B.
Like the last, but smaller; the apical shields very little swollen; dorsal plates much flatter, and with a line of seven or eight sub-hexagonal plates from the end of each ray towards the centre, many of the lower plates without the sunk line and pore.
Pale brown (dry).
Diameter 3½ inches.
New Zealand.
Othilia.
Rays cylindrical, elongated; ambulacra with two very close series of filiform spines; skin smooth, polished, with moveable spines at the junction of the plates.
Virginia, Guacomayo, Brazil, Isle of France.
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
9
15. OTHILIA LUZONICA. Gray.
0. Luzonica, Gray, Ann. N. H., 1840, p. 282; Eahinaster eradanella, Mull and Trosch. Ast., p. 24.
Reddish brown; rays five or six, elongate, four times as long as the width of the body, with many blunt spines. (Gray.)
Isle of Luzon, Vera Cruz.
I have seen no specimens.
FAMILY:—ASTERINIDÆ.
Body discoidal or pentagonal, sharp-edged; skeleton formed of flattish imbricate plates.
Asterina.
Pentagonal, rather thick; back convex, lower surface flat; covered above and below with short spines; ambulacra bordered by a single row of spines.
English Channel, Mediterranean, Red Sea, West Indies, Cape of Good Hope, Tasmania.
16. ASTERINA REGULARIS. Verrill.
C.M.
A. regularis, Verrill, l.c., p. 250.
Upper surface covered with rather large oblong papillæ, crowned with short blunt spines; arranged transversely, often more or less curved over the disc, and in oblique rows near the margin; spines of the lower surface single or double, arranged in rows; ambulacra broad, tips of rays emarginate.
Upper surface brown, often variegated with red, sometimes indigo blue; under surface white or yellowish.
About 3 inches in diameter.
Very common and very variable. The larger specimens can only be obtained by dredging, but the smaller are very common under stones between tide marks. Occasionally there is a raised boss in the centre, and a more or less obscure raised ray radiating towards each angle.
Found also at the Chatham Islands.
Pteraster.
Ambulacra edged with a series of radiating webbed spines.
North seas, Cape of Good Hope.
B
10
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
17. PTERASTER INFLATUS. sp. nov.
C.M.
Pentagonal, with five radiating ribs, which are swollen and ovate on the inner half, and slightly convex on the outer half, margin thin, sharp; back tessellated with smooth flat tubercles, getting smaller towards the margin, where they are granulated; on the rays they are large, and irregularly placed, but showing some lines going the length of the rays; webbed ambulacral spines short, not much longer than the ambulacral spines; many of the flat tubercles of the lower surface with short single blunt spines pointing inwards.
Reddish (dry).
Diameter 5½ inches.
ORDER:—ECHINOIDEA.
Sea-eggs.
More or less rounded, without rays; body covered with immoveable calcareous plates, bearing spines; ambulacra perforated for the exsertion of the suckers.
FAMILY:-CIDARIDÆ,
Mouth central, inferior; anus central, superior; ambulacra extending from mouth to anus ; teeth complicated.
Cidaris.
Body globose; anus and mouth nearly equal; ambulacra continuous from mouth to anus; spiniferous tubercles perforate; spines of several forms.
18. CIDARIS (STEPHANOCIDARIS) TUBARIA. Lam. C.M.
Cidarites tubaria, Lamark., Anim. sans Vert,, III., 382.
Height about three-fifths of the diameter; one tubercle on each interambulacral plate, none on the ambulacral; nine large tubercles in a row, bordered at a short distance by a ring of small tubercles, space between the rows smooth; ambulacral spaces narrow, bordered on the right by two, and on the left by a single row of minute tubercles, smooth in the
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
11
middle, very slightly waved; each ambulacrum composed of a single row of pores in pairs, each pair separated by a ridge; primary spines moderate, slightly tapering, those on the back shorter and dilated into a flat topped expansion at the apex; slightly longitudinally ribbed; ribs crenated, sparely tuberculated near the base, which, as well as the basal prominence, is finely striated; secondary spines short, flattened, finely striate, deeply crenated or tuberculated on the sides.
Echinus.
Body globose; ambulacra continuous from mouth to anus; spiniferous tubercles imperforate; spines of one form.
19. ECHINUS (PSAMMECHINUS) CHLGEGTICUS. A. Agassiz.
C.M.
Psammechinus asteroides, Gir., Proc. Bost. Soc.
Height equal to one-half or three-fifths of the diameter; rows of pores near the mouth obliquely parallel, three pairs in a row; ambulacral spaces with three rows of primary spines on the lower half, passing into two towards the apex, the central row smaller; inter-ambulacral spaces with six rows, the second and fifth larger; tubercles on prominent bases; small tubercles between the pores; spines thick, tapering, point blunt, longitudinally ribbed; ribs sub-moniliform, and broader than the grooves; primaries about three times the length of the secondaries. Shell greenish, with white tubercles, passing into yellowish white round the mouth, covered with a dark brown skin; spines greenish, the smaller ones tipped with yellow.
Diameter 3 to 6 inches.
Common.
20. ECHINUS ELEVATUS. sp. Nov.
C.M.
Height nearly equal to the diameter; rows of pores very oblique, parallel, three pairs in a row; inter-ambulacral plates with 6-9 primary tubercles in a more or less regular transverse line; ambulacral plates with two or three; tubercles small, without prominent bases, nearly equal in size; ambulacra of equal width throughout; spines short, slightly tapering, point rounded, longitudinally grooved; grooves broader than the ridges, and transversely striated; base surrounded by a row of rough rounded tubercles.
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
12
Shell and spines pinkish purple; tubercles and ambulacra lighter. Diameter 2 inches.
21. ECHINUS ALBOCINCTUS. sp. nov.
C.M.
Height three-fifths of the diameter; pores forming a rather irregular zigzag row of single pairs; ambulacral plates with one primary tubercle, inter-ambulacral with three on the lower half, but near the apex with one central tubercle surrounded by small ones on the edge of the plate; ambulacra narrow; tubercles moderate; spines tapering, longitudinally grooved; grooves much, broader than the ridges. Shell brownish purple; spines reddish purple, broadly tipped with
white.
Diameter 1 inch.
FAMILY:- CLYPEASTERIDÆ.
Mouth inferior, central or sub-central; anus excentric, superior, or inferior; ambulacra not continuous.
Laganum.
Pores united by a cross groove; infra-ambulacral grooves simple, straight; ambulacral petals narrow, open at the end; anus inferior; body pentagonal; mouth with teeth.
22. LAGANUM ROSTRATUM. Ag.
L. rostratum, Agassiz, Men Scutelle, 118, t. 25; Gray, Cat. Echnd., Brit. Mus., p. 9.
Body oblong, elongate, produced behind; vertical star rather large.
(Gray.)
I have seen no specimens.
Arachnoides.
Body circular; ambulacra short; ambulacral spaces broader than the inter-ambulacral; anus superior, marginal; mouth central, with
teeth.
23. ARACHNOIDES ZEALANDIÆ. Gray.
C.M.
Echinarachnius zealandice, Gray, Dieff. New Zealand, II., p. 264.
Depressed, convex above; margin sinuated; ambulacral spaces raised;
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
13
ambulacra curved with sixty-five, or less, pairs of pores, according to age; apex tubercular; a smooth groove down the centre of each ambulacral space, from the apex to the mouth; inter-anibulacral spaces irregularly distantly granulated; ambulacral spaces with granules arranged in straight oblique lines sloping outwards and towards the groove; under side the same, but the inter-ambulacral spaces broader and with larger granules; a pentagonal space with irregular granules surrounding the mouth; outside of the ambulacra concentrically sub-plaited, especially on the edges of the raised ambulacral spaces; back convex; below flat; spines very finely cancellated.
Shell pale brown, spines dark brown.
Prom 3 to 4 inches in diameter.
Common.
Echinoneus.
Shell thin, elongate, sub-cylindrical; tubercles very numerous; placed in more or less regular series, mamillate, but not crenulated or perforated; mouth oblique; anus very large, elongate, inferior, between the mouth and the hinder margin; genital pores four, very close, at the apex of the inter-ambulacral area; mouth sub-central; no teeth.
24. ECHINONEUS VENTRICOSUS. and Desor.
E. ventricosus, Agassiz and Desor., Ann. Sci. Nat. 1847, p. 144.
Shell large, swollen; anus short.
Paris Museum.
I have seen no specimens.
Echinobrissus.
Ovate; mouth inferior, sub-central, pentagonal, not margined; anus superior, excentric lodged in a groove.
Australia.
25. ECHINOBRISSUS RECENS. Mn. Edw.
C.M.
E. recens, Gray, Cat. Echnd., Brit. Mus., p. 37.
Obovate, broader behind, greatest height at the anterior margin of the anus; anus ovate, longitudinal, a groove from its posterior margin to the base; mouth sub-pentagonal, rather anterior, transverse, situated in a deep depression, without any raised edge; genital pores four, the two
14
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
anterior nearer together than the two posterior; ambulacra five, truncated, sides parallel, but converging close to the apex, a double row of pores on each side, median and anterior 20/20 posterior27/27; entire surface, except the dorsal ambulacral spaces and the anal groove, covered with numerous small, round, shallow depressions, each with a small papilla not rising much above the general surface; oral ambulacra stellate.
Length, 1•1; greatest breadth, •95; greatest height, •45.
A single specimen is in the Museum; locality not stated.
Australia.
FAMILY:—SPATANGIDÆ.
Mouth excentric, inferior; anus terminal; ambulacra not continuous; no teeth.
Amphidotus.
Body ovate or cordate, convex, with two sets of ambulacra, dorsal and oral; four of the dorsal ambulacra truncate, oblong; dorsal impression within the ambulacra; sub-anal impression ovato-cordiform, terminal.
C.M.
26. AMPHIDOTUS ZEALANDICUS. Gray.
Echinocardium zealandicum, Gray, Cat. Echnd., Brit. Mus., p. 44.
Cordiform, nearly as broad as long, centre and anterior end depressed; back above the anus very prominent; dorsal impression oval, rather angled posteriorly; a deep groove from the ovarium pores to the base of the anterior end; genital pores four on each side, two transverse, and two inclining obliquely inwards; ambulacra in shallow grooves, the dorsal ones slightly tapering, and truncate at the extremity, the anterior have 5/10 pairs of pores, the posterior 7/7; anus round, surrounded by seven plates; post-anal impression cordiform; post-oral spinous space lanceolate; spines short, curved, brown, pointed; longer on the under surface.
Length rather more than an inch.
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
15
ORDER:-HOLOTHUROIDEA.
Sea-slugs.
Body soft, generally with fringed tentacula round the mouth; skin with minute calcareous plates of various shapes; a calcareous ring round the oesophagus.
FAMILY: —HOLOTHURIDÆ.
Suckers for locomotion; mouth surrounded by plumose tentacula, which can be retracted within the mouth; body contractile; calcareous teeth in the mouth.
Holothuria.
No suckers on the middle of the back; tentacula twenty; back convex, under surface flattened.
27. HOLOTHUBIA MOLLIS, sp. nov.
C.M.
Body soft, tapering slightly posteriorly; a row of large tubercles like suckers on each side, and another row of fewer suckers on each side of the back; lower surface with many small suckers irregularly placed; tentacula twenty, shortly peduncled, on hollow cylinders, and ending in frondose appendages, which are longer on the outside; dental apparatus short; respiratory organs moderately branched; longitudinal muscles very broad.
Y ellowish, largely mottled with brown above, and in a lesser degree below; tentacles yellowish brown.
About 6 inches in length, and 1½ in breadth,
The suckers are arranged in five rows, but the two upper ones are nearly obsolete; the three other rows are near together, and often run one into the other; from two to four abreast in & row; these five rows can be well seen near the posterior end, when the intestine and muscular tissue has been removed.
Thyone.
Body nearly regular, covered with scattered papillose suckers; tentacula ten.?
16
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
28. THYONE LONGIDENTIS. sp. nov.
C.M.
Cylindrical; body rugose, with numerous small suckers; head smooth, transversely striated; tentacula five, short, thick, clavate, pedunculated, frondose; dental apparatus very long, nearly half the length of the body, tubular for half its length, the rest cut into five teeth.
Brown; tentacula pale brown.
About an inch in length.
The dental apparatus is composed of five plates, each bifid for half its length, joined to one another, and the lateral process of the two adjacent plates together form a tooth.
C.M.
29. THYONE BREVIDENTIS. sp. nov.
Cylindrical, rather flatter below, and rounded at both ends; papillate all over with suckers, those on the back larger and farther apart; tentacula ten, very short, of unequal length, triangular, frondose; teeth very short; longitudinal muscles narrow, attached to the dental
apparatus.
Brown; tentacles pink, with yellowish tips.
Rather more than an inch in length.
C.M.
30. THYONE CAUDATA. sp. nov.
Cylindrical, tapering rather suddenly to the tail; body rough, covered with papillæ, except the posterior end, which is transversely ridged; tentacula ten, moderate, peduncled and frondose; dental system large, with five bifid teeth.
Reddish brown, paler at the extremities.
Length, 2•5 ; breadth, •5.
FAMILY:-SYNAPTÆ.
No suckers.
Synapta.
Tentacula long or short; dermal plates anchor-shaped.
31. SYNAPTA UNOINATA. sp. nov. C.M.
Body curved, tapering behind, broadest at the mouth; tentacula thirteen, very short, merely tubercles, with two incurved hooks at the end of each.
ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND.
17
C
Pale reddish brown.
Lenght, ·6; bradth at anterior end, ·2.
Dermal plates anchor-shaped; the flukes equal.
32. SYNAPTA INÆQUALIS. sp. nov.
C.M.
Conical; inflated anteriorly and tapering behind; soft, minutely papillose; tentacles none.?
Brownish grey.
Length, 1·; breadth at the interior end, ·33.
Dermal plates anchor-shaped, with one fluke much longer than the other.
Chirodota.
Cylindric; tentacula elongate, digitate at their extremity; skin thick.
33. CHIRODOTA? ALBA. sp. nov. C.M.
Cylindrical, tapering behind; skin reticulated, and with longish papillæ on the back and sides; tentaeula ten, large, branched and plumose.
White, skin translucent; tentacles brownish white, spotted with violet on the inside near the base.
Length, 1.
Wellington Harbour (H. Travers).
Molpadia.
Body attenuated posteriorly; tentacula simple, short, cylindrical.
34. MOLPADIA CORIACEA. sp. nov. C.M.
Body cylindrical, tapering rather suddenly into an attenuated and tapering tail, which is half the length of the body; skin rough, coriaceous; body transversely wrinkled ; anterior end smooth; mouth with from ten to twenty short, simple papillæ; teeth five, long, bifid; longitudinal muscles with a deep central groove.
Pale brown.
Length, 4·; breadth, ·65.
INDEX.
Page
Amphidotus zealandicus . . 14
Arachnoides zealandiæ . . 12
Asterias mollis . . . . 4
Asterina regularis . . . 9
Astrogonium miliare . . . 7
" rugosum . . . 7
Astropecten armatus . . . 6
Chirodota alba . . . . 17
Cidaris tubaria . . . . 10
Cidarites tubaria . . . .10
Cœlasterias australis . . . 5
Cocinasterias muricata . . . 6
Cribella occulata . . . . 7
Echinarachnius zealandiœ . . 12
Echinaster eradanella . . . 9
Echinobrissus recens . . . 13
Echinocardium zealandicum . . 14
Echinoneus ventricosus . . 13
Echinus albocinctus . . . 12
„ chloroticus . . . 11
„ elevatus . . . 11
Henricia occulata . . . . 7
Page
Holotliuria mollis . . . . 15
Laganum rostratum . . .12
Margaraster scaber . . . 5
Molpadia coriacea . . .17
Ophiactis nigrescens . . . 2
Ophionereis fasciata . . . 2
Ophiothrix cærulea . . . 1
Ophiura cylindrica . . . 3
„ maculata . . . 3
Othilia luzonica . . . . 9
Pectinura maculata . . . 3
Pentagonaster pulchellus . . 8
Psammechinus asteroides . .11
„ chloroticus . .11
Pteraster inflatus . . . 10
Stephanocidaris tubaria . . .10
Synapta inæqualis . . . 17
„ uncinata . . . 16
Thyone brevidentis . . . 16
„ caudata . . . 16
„ longidentis . . . 16
Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department.
JAMES HECTOR, M.D., F.R.S., DIRECTOR.
CRITICAL LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA OF NEW ZEALAND CONTAINED IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS
WITH REFERENCES TO DESCRIPTIONS AND SYNONYMS.
BY EDOUAKD YON MARTENS, C.M., M.D., C.M.Z.S.
PUBLISHED BY COMMAND.
NEW ZEALAND: JAMES HUGHES, PRINTER, LAMBTON QUAY, WELLINGTON.
1873.
PREFACE.
The type collection of Mollusca in the Colonial Museum has been named in conformity with the nomenclature adopted in the CATALOUGE OF THE MARINE MOLLUSCA already issued by the Department, but as that Catalogue was prepared without an opportunity of consulting many of the works of authority on the subject, no attempt was made to trace the synonyms under which the genera and species have been mentioned by different authors. This very important work could only be performed in Europe, and Dr. Buller, to whom the arrangement was intrusted, having succeeded in enlisting the interest of Dr. Edouard von Martens, of Berlin, a distinguished authority on the systematic study of the Mollusca, the result has been the production of the following critical list, the importance and value of which will be readily recognized by all practical naturalists. Captain Hutton has kindly assisted in passing the work through the press, and every care has been taken to produce it in perfect accordance with the learned author's manuscript; but it is obvious that a work of this kind, full of complicated references, is not likely to be perfect without final revision by the author. The student's indulgence is therefore sought for any errors that may have crept into the work.
iv
The only addition to the work as received from the author is the Index of Reference, and a few clauses introduced wherever a species is obviously the same as one given in the CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE MOLLUSCA under a different name, in which case that name and reference have been inserted in parentheses.
The blanks which occur in some parts of the work are in the M.SS., but as soon as the author's corrections are received, an errata slip will be issued, which will no doubt furnish the missing words. As duplicates of the Mollusca, and especially of the new species described by Captain Hutton, have been sent to Dr. von Martens, he will be able to furnish a criticism of the Catalogue that will clear up many doubtful points, and still further advance our knowledge of New Zealand
Conchology.
JAMES HECTOR.
Colonial Museum.
25th October, 1873.
INTRODUCTION.
The principal contributors to our scientific knowledge of the New Zealand Mollusca are the following:Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander, on the first voyage of Capt. James Cook, 6 Oct., 1769-31 March, 1770, in the Bay of Islands and Queen Charlotte Sound; Dr. Reinhold and George Forster, on Cook's second voyage, 26 March-7 June, 1773, in Dusky Bay and Queen Charlotte Sound, 21 Qct.-26 Nov., 1773, and 18 Oct.-10 Nov., 1774; Cook's third voyage, 12-27 Feb., 1777. The shells collected during these voyages are enumerated, and many of them also described and figured by Vow Zorn, in the German periodical "Neue Sammlung von Vorsuchen, und Abhandlungen der naturferschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig," vol. I, 1778, p.p. 247-287, by J. H. Chemnitz, in the journal "Der Naturferscher," vol. XIX, 1783, p.p. 177-208, and afterwards in different parts of his "Conchylien Cabinet," especially vol. V., 1781, X., 1788, and XI; by Dr. Solander himself, in the Catalogue of the Portland Museum, 1784(?); by Th. Martyn, in "The Universal Conchologist," 1784, 4 vols.; and by Perry, Conchology, 1811. A critical review of the species described by the said authors, and referable to Cook's Yoyages, has been given by the author in the German conchological journal, "Malakozoolegische Blatter, 1872," p.p. 12-26.
Quoy and Gaimard, naturalists of Dumont d' Urville's " Yoyage autour du monde de l'Astrolabe," in the years 1826-29, Zoologie, vol. II., 1832, and III., 1834—8, with atlas in folio. Very rich in molluscs.
George Dieffenbach: "Travels in New Zealand," 2 vols. London, 1843; the second volume, p.p. 228-263, contains a list of New Zealand shells, determined by J. E. Gray.
Geo. Bidwill Dr. Sinclair Dr. Stanger
A
cited by Gray in the said list.
ii
Rev. Will. Yate visited New Zealand in 1834. In his account of New Zealand, 1835-8, is contained a list of 29 species, collected on the eastern coast, and named by Dr. J. E. Gray.
Aug. Gould: The shells collected, during the United States Exploring Expedition, commanded by Ch. Wilkes, during the years 1838-42, are described in the "Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History," vols. II. and III., 1846-50; also, as a separate volume, "Expedition Shells," Boston, 1846; 8vo. Later, they have been more fully described, and also figured, in the official work, "United States Exploring Expedition," vol. XII.; "Mollusca and Shells," by A. Gould, Philadelphia, 1852; 4to, with an atlas of plates in folio.
Major Gbeenwood: A list of shells collected by liim, in the "Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London," 1849.
Fr. von Hochstetter, George von Frauenfeld, and Johann Zelebor, members of the expedition of the Austrian frigate "Novara," 1857-1859, round the globe. Some land and fresh water shells, collected by the first during his stay in New Zealand, are described by Dr. L. Pfeiffer, and Prof. W. Dunker, in the German conchological journal, "Malakozoologische Blätter," vol. VIII, 1861, p.p. 146-154; concerning those collected by the two other gentlemen, only the apparent new ones have been described by them, with the assistance of Prof. W. Dunker, first in the "Verlmndlungen der Zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 1866," p.p. 909-916, and then, with figures, in the official work, "Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde," zoological part, Mollusca, 1867; 4to, in a few pages, with two plates.
G. v. Frauenfield has published a list of all species of Mollusca collected during the expedition of the Austrian frigate Novara, in the journal "Verhandlungen du Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellscliaft in Wien," vol. XIX., 1869, p.p. 854-888, in which those from Auckland, in New Zealand, are marked in a separate column; they are 131 species, the greater part well known shells from the tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific seas —such as Tritonium pileare, Purpura sertum, Harpa minor, Conus marmoreus etc.; some are evidently wrong, being landshells of limited geographical distribution —for example, Bulimus miltocheilus; others are decidedly Australian, as Helixincei, Grayi, Falconari. The probability is, that these shells have been acquired by purchase or
iii
donation at Auckland, but do not live there. G. v. Frauenfeld himself, states that many of them are due to the collection made by J. Zelebor, and utters some doubts concerning the correct statement of the locality, loc. cit. p. 892, Porphyria and Vasum, p. 897, Polydonta squarrosa and Janthina; he gives also for two of them (the well-known Australian Bankivia varians, and Tritonium Spengleri), in the notes, Australia, p. 890 and 897, but in the list itself, Auckland, p. 855 and 872, as its locality. Therefore I hesitate to admit all these molluscs into the present catalogue of New Zealand shells, and have taken out only those of them which have been recorded also by other collectors, thinking it better to omit some more which may really belong to New Zealand than to introduce quite a lot of doubtful, and probably wrong, statements.
Ferd. von Muller sent, some years ago, to the Zoological Museum of Stuttgart, a lot of shells, stating that they were collected in New Zealand. As the majority of them are true New Zealand species, I have included all of them, although some have been previously found only in New Holland. From these sources the following list is compiled; it contains 69 terrestrial, 25 fresh water, and about 279 marine species. Of course, there will be much more which remain to be distinguished and described by future naturalists; probably also some of those contained in this list will be found afterwards to have been incorrectly ascribed to New Zealand. In various older concliological works, and perhaps also in some newer ones, the localities New Zealand, and New Holland, appear to have been confounded or shifted, and in some even, shells from the North-west Coast of America have been given as shells from New Zealand, because both countries have been visited by the same sea expeditions—for example, that of Capt. Cook; and in later times, that of Ch. Wilkes. The present list could have been augmented by one or two dozens of species, taken from Martyn, Favanne, Perry, and others; but it would be useless for science to repeat the decidedly wrong statements of this kind, about "which at present no doubt can be ascertained; those for which the same statement has been repeated in several newer works, are named in our list, but marked with 1, or even 11. The greater part of the species here enumerated are peculiar to New Zealand, as far as we know hitherto; some others, chiefly those which live in the open sea, and are therefore called pelagic, are widely distributed throughout various seas; a not incon-
iv
siderable number of species appear to be common both to the shores of Australia (New Holland), and to those of New Zealand; we give here a list of them; but are well aware that for several of them, the occurrence, either in the one or in the other country, is founded on somewhat vague statements, and those marked require confirmation of their occurrence in New Zealand :—
Helix taranaki
Helix coma
Sphaerium Novæ Zelandiæ
Argonauta tuberculata
Purpura succincta
Purpura textiliosa
Voluta pacifica
Voluta fusus
Ranella leucostoma
Tritonium Spengleri
Tritonium, fusiforme
Cassis pirum
Dolium variegatum
Struthiolaria australis
Struthiolaria scutulata
Cerithiam australe
Litorina diemensis
Litorina? pyramidalis
? Turbo stamineus
? Turbo undulatus
Trochus scitulus
Haliotis iris
Haliotis rugosoplicata
Emarginula striatula
? Emarginula parmophoroides
? Parmophorus unguis
Patella tramoserica
Chiton concentricus
Chiton longicymba
Chiton glaueus
? Bulla australis
Melampus sulcatus
? Melampus australis
Corbula zelandica
Saxicava arctica
Tellina alba
Tellina deltoidalis
Mesodesma cuneatum
Lutraria acinaces
? Cytherea planatella
? Tapes galactites
? Tapes fabagella
? Lucina globularis
? Mytilus hirsutus
? Modiola albicosta
? Modiola securis
? Modiola australis
? Pectunculus striatularis
Solemya australis
Terebratella Cumingi
? Kraussia Lamarckiana
Among the most characteristic genera of the fauna of New Zealand may be named Paryphcvnta, Struthiolaria, Ampliibola, and Cominella; they are, it is true, not exclusively peculiar to this country, but also common to Australia, but are not so fully represented there as in New Zealand. The gigantic species of Haliotis and Chiton have their equals chiefly on
v
Other shores of the southern hemisphere beyond the Tropics, for example New Holland (Haliotis ncevosa), Southern Africa (Haliotis Midæ, Chiton gigas), and Chili (some species of Chiton), and also in the Northern Pacific (Chiton Stdleri, Haliotis gigantea, etc.), but not between the Tropics, and not in the European seas. Also, a few other species are remarkable for being common to New Zealand and Japan, viz., Chiton Zelwndicus and Mytilus hirsutus.
A number of common Indian sea shells, ranging geographically from Eastern Africa as far as Polynesia, but scarcely exceeding the Tropics, have been indicated by various authors as occurring also on the shores of New Zealand, but concerning the majority of them the statements are somewhat vague and rather unreliable, as these shells are often bought and exchanged from sailors who have visited various parts of the globe. But it may be that also some Indian species extend truly their geographical range unto New Zealand.
Several of the species included in the above list have their names from the country in which they have been found; but the authors differ somewhat in the spelling of the latinised name for New Zealand, according to the home language of each; so we find Zelandicus (Q. and G., Gray) Zealandiæ (Gray), Zealandicus (Perry and A. Adams), Novoseelandicus (Pfr.), Novozeelandicus (Prime), Novœ-Zeelandiæ (Chemnitz, Sowerby, Lamarck, Reeve). The last spelling is probably the most correct, as the name has its origin from the Dutch province Zeeland, just as New Holland from Holland, and the addition of New is essential for distinguishing the one from the other. We have followed in the accompanying list the spelling of each author of the respective species, but it may be desirable for uniformity's sake to employ only one spelling and to reject the others.
LLIST OF MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND.
A. —Terrestrial Mollusca,
PULMONATA OPERCULATA.
Cyclostomidæ.
Cyclophorus? cytora, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 167; Pfeiffer, Monographia, Pneumonopomerum, p. 86.
Auckland—Major Greenwood.
Cyclophorus? lignarius, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1857, p. 112; Monogr. Pneum. suppl., p. 44.
As the operculum of both specimens is not yet known, their place in this genus is not ascertained.
Realia egea, Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc., 1849, p. 167; Pfr., Mon. Pneum., p. 305 ; and in Chemnitz' Conchylien Cabinet, new edition, Gyclostoma, pl. 50, fig. 17, 18.
Auckland.
Realia turriculata, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 304; MonPneum. suppl., p. 153.
Realia Hochstetteri, Pfeiffer, Malakozoologische Blatter, vol. viii., 1861; p. 149.
Bay of Islands.
Realia cabinella, Pfeiffer, Mal. Blät., 1861 ; p. 150.
Taupiri.
Omphalatropis vestita, Pfeiffer (Hydrocena), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 106 ; Mon. Pneum. suppl., p. 167.
Paxillus peregrinus, Gould (Balea), Proc. Bost. Soc., N.H. ii., 1848, p. 197; Exp. Shells, p. 3-4; Pfr., Monogr., Helicinidce, iii., p. 583 and 586 ; Vn. St. Expl. Exp., xii., p. 91 ; atlas, fig. 105.
HELICINIDÆ ?
It is strange that no one species of Helicina from New Zealand has hitherto been described, as this genus is represented by several species in Australia, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji, and Tonga Islands, and even in Norfolk Island.
For Onchidium, Assiminea, and the Auriculidæ, see amongst the sea shells, their habitation being limited to the sea shore.
8
PULMONATA INOPERCULATA.
Daupebardia Novoseelandica, Pfeiffer, Mal. Blatt., ix., 1862. p. 146; Monographia Heliceorum, v., p. 10.
Middle region of Waikato—Hochstetter.
Vitrina dimidiata, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851; Monogr. Hel., iii., p. 6.
Paryphanta Busbyi, Gray (Helix), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi., 1841, p. 317 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel., i., p. 109; and Chemnitz, new edit., Helix, pl.130, fig. 1, 3; Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, vol. xi., Helix, fig. 380. Ampullacera busbyi, Gould, Un. St. Explor. Exp., xii., p. 215.
Northern part of the Northern Island—Hochstetter. The systematic position of this curious shell is not yet ascertained, as its anatomy is still unknown. A. Gould suggests that it may belong to to Ampullacera, which appears improbable to judge by the surface of the shell.
Pabyphanta Hochstetteri, Pfeiffer (Helix), Mal. Blatt., ix., 1861, p. 146 ; Mon. Hel., v., p.
Southern Island, near Cook Strait, on limestone, 3,000-4,000 feet above the sea. 65 Millimetres in size.
Paryphanta? urnula, Pfeiffer (Helix), Mon. Hel., iv., p. 8. Very different in shape; more like the European Helix aperta, but
perforated.
Hyalina corneofulva, Pfeiffer, Mal. Blatt., viii., 1861, p. 148; Mon. Hel., v., p. 673.
Bay of Islands—Hochstetter.
Hyalina Novaræ, ibid, p. 148, and Mon. Hel, v., p. 169.
Bay of Islands —Hochstetter.
Helix, L., Lam,
This genus, which had been formerly determined by the aspect of the shell only, has, during late years, been more narrowly circumscribed by the peculiarities of the masticatory and generative organs. As no New Zealand species has hitherto been the subject of anatomical researches, we cannot say how many, and indeed if any of those which have been described as New Zealand species of Helix will remain in that genus as it is now understood.
Helix, sub-genus Rhytida Albers.
Helix Greenwoodi, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849; PJr. Mon. Hel., iii., p, 136 ; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 107, fig. 11-13; Reeve, Conch., Ic., fig. 436. Helix Gunnii, Gray, Pfr., zeitschr., f. Med., 1850, p. 86. Auckland—Major Greenwood.
Helix Dunnlæ, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi., 1841, jo. 317 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel., i., p. 207; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 127, fig. 33-35 ; Reeve, Conch., Ic.,fig, 425.
Auckland. Named in honour of Mrs. Dunn.
9
Prof. C. Semper lias stated that some New Caledonian species which have been classified hitherto in this sub-genus belong to the sub-family Agnatha or Testacelhdce, near Daudebardia; it has still to be examined whether the New Zealand species are in the same case.
Helix, sub-genus lihagada Albers.
HELIX Reinga, Gray, Pfeiffer S y mholœ ad. histor. Heliceorum, iii, 1846, p 73 Mon. Hel., i.. p. 318; Chemnitz, new edit., pi. 73, fig 89 • Reeve, Conch. Ic., fy. 772. '
Reing a is the Maori name of a locality near the northern extremity of the Northern Island. This species has not been again found, as far as i know, 111 New Zealand, and is nearly allied to H. dringi Pfr. from -Northern Australia.
of Doubtful Systematic Position.
Taranaki, Gray, in DieffenbacKs Travels; Pfr. Symbol. Hist. Hel, iii., p.79; Mon. Hel, i p. 378; chemnitz, new edit., pl. 75, fig. 45 ; Reeve, Conch Ic., fig 443
Although Dr. Gray has given to this species the name of a place m New Zealand, its locality seems to be subject to some doubt According to Mr. Ince, it is found on Possession Island in Torres Straits, and it is indeed so very near some species known from North Australia, such as Helix delessertiana and Torresiana (see Cox Australian Land Shells, p. 61), that we may be justified in searching for 1 s origin in that part of the world. The general aspect of the said species suggests the idea, that it may belong to the genus Streptaxis, just as the regular Brazilian species Helix wagneri and spixiana.
Leimonias, Gray, (Bulimus), Proc. Zool Soa., 167; (Helix), I/)., Mon. Hel 111., p. 144; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 820.
Dr. J R Gray suspected once that it may be a juvenile state of some species of Pupa; af t e rwards lie founded for it a new sub-genus, Laoma. Dr. Pfeiffer places it near the Polynesian Entodonta.
The following small species have been described by their authors as Helix; the later systematic conchologists tried to distribute them into the genera or sub-genera Nanina, Trochomorpha, Paryphanta, Thalassia, Hyahna, and Gharopa, but as the distinctive characters of these divisions in the jaw radula, prolongations of the mantle, and presence of a mucous gland at the end of the tail, are not yet, as far as we know, observed in any of the New Zealand species, we prefer to leave them with the Generic name Helix and to call the attention of observers in their home upon them, in order to ascertain their true systematic position. The Allowing species of small New Zealand Helix, with rather slowly increasing whorls, densely striated, with open umbilicus, and simple edge of the a perture, may safely be classed into the cosmopolitic sub-genus patula:
a.—Umbilicus Narrow.
Helix chordata, Pfr., Mal. Blatt., viii., 1861, p. 147; Mon. Hel. iv., p. 72.
10
Helix pilula, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 809; H. iota., Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 69.
Helix dimorpha, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 68; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 775.
Helix Hypopolia, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 68; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 161 ,fig. 18-20; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 787.
b.—Umbilicus wide. aa.— Above convex.
Helix chiron, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 166; (Zonites), Pfr., Mon. Hel, iii., 94; Reeve, Conch. Ic., Helix, fig. 797.
Auckland.
Helix varicosa, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 97 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 824.
Helix Caput-spinule, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 818 ; 11. epsilon, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 97.
Helix coma, Gray, in Hiefenbach's Travels, 1843, p. 263 ; (Zonites), Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 99; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 155, fig. 37-39; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 796 and 800.
Auckland. Common.
Helix buceinella, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 821; H. gamma, Pfr., Mon., iii., p. 100.
Helix tau, Pfr., Mal. Blatt., viii., 1861, p. 148; Mon. Hel., v., p. 159.
Helix sciadium, Pfr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1857, p. 108; Mon. Hel., iv., p. 112. Keeled.
Helix decidua, Pfr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1857, p. 108; Mon. Hel., iv., p. 71.
With membranaceous deciduous ribs.
? Helix ziczac, Gould, Bost, h. n. h., ii., p. 166; Exp. shells, p. 17; Un. St. E. E.,xa.,p. 41, atlas, fig. 44; Pfr., Mon. Hel., i., p. 116. Gould gives, in the first publication, New South Wales —in the second, New Zealand, as its locality.
bb.—Above flat or concave.
Helix corniculum Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 826 (not H. corniculum, Hombr. et Jacq., 1854, from New Guinea); H. eta, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 107.
Helix ide, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 166; Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 108 ; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 155, fig. 34-36; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 789.
Auckland. Group Charopa of Albers.
Helix anguiculus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 802; H. theta, Pfr., Mon. Hel., p. 634.
Helix infecta, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 808; H. zeta, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 109; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 155, fig 27-30.
11
c.—With spiral sculpture.
Helix obnubila, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 722; H. sigma, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 633.
Helix egesta, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 166 ; Pfr., Mon., iii., 102; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 155, fig. 18-20; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 798.
Auckland.
B.—Lower edge of the aperture thickened.
Helix portia, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 165; Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 154; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 154, fig. 15-18; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 806.
Auckland. Approaches also somewhat to the group Flammulina.
Helix kollyrula, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 810. 11. kappa, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 154 ; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 124, fig. 25-26.
The following species are keeled, and may belong, at least some of them, to the section Thalassia, Albers.
A.—Shell imperforate.
Helix mariæ, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, 1843, p. 262 (Nanina); Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 39; Chemn., Conch. Cab., new edit., Helix, pl. 155, fiq. 40-42; Reeve, Conch. Ic., Helix, fig. 804; Helix umbraculum, Pfr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851.
Auckland. Somewhat similar to H. insculpta, Pfr., from Norfolk Island.
? Helix irradiata, Gould, Proc. Boat. Soc., ii., p. 178; Exp. shells, p. 23 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 34, atl., fi.g. 35; Pfr., Mon. Hel., i., 29. Bay of Islands.
B.—Shell narrowly perforate, aa.—Smooth or slightly striate.
Helix zelandiæ, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, 1843, p. 247 ; Pfr., Mon. Hel., i., p. 81 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon., fig. 780. Auckland.
Helix erigone, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 165 (Namina); Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 60; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 817.
Auckland.
Helix heldiana, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel., iii., p. 60.
Very near to the preceding.
Helix conella, Pfeiffer, Mal. Blatt., viii., 1861, p. 147 ; Mon. Hel., v., p. 86.
Kakepuku—Hochstetter.
Helix regularis, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel., iv., p. 33 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 1259.
bb.—Wrinkled or ribbed.
Helix poecilosticta, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel., p. 39; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., new edit., pl: 156, fig. 11-13; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 815.
The lower edge of the aperture is thickened.
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C.—Widely umbilicate.
Helix stipulata, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 813; Helix alpha.,* Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 112.
Helix barbatula, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 814; Helix beta., Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 112; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., new edit, pl. 155, fig. 53-55.
These two species approach to the group Charopa.
Helix celinde, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 164 (Nanina); Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 125; Reeve, Conch. Ic, Helix, fig. 799.
Auckland. Distinguished by the thickened inside of the aperture.
The following two species of turbinate form have a rounded periphery, without keel, but approach in their general aspect so much to the preceding, that they must be classed near to them.
Helix kivi, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 262 (Nanina); Pfr., Mon. Hel. i., p. 192; Reeve, Conch. Ic. Helix, fig. 194.
Helix granum, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iv., p. 20.
Helix guttula, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 626; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 1040.
Helix glabriuscula, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 51; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 156, fig. 14-16; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 822.
The following small species, with rounded periphery, rapidly increasing whorls, and most of them painted with brown waved stripes, may form a peculiar group, Flammulina, peculiar to New Zealand. Concerning the umbilicus, they vary very much.
A.—Edge of the aperture simple, a.—Imperforate, aa.— Edge of the aperture simple.
Helix compressivoluta, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 791; H. omega, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 33.
Helix phlogophora, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 34; CJiemnitz, new edit., pl. 155, fig. 1-4; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 790; H. fiammigera, Pfeiffer, 1852; H. multilimbata, Hombr. et Jacq., Voyage au Pole Sud, Mollusques, p. 16, pi. 6, fig. 5-8.
Nautiloid.
Helix tullia, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 165, (Nanina); Helix, T., Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 35; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 1460.
Auckland.
bb.—Edge of the aperture thickened at the base.
Helix venulata, Pfr., Mon. Hel., i v.,p. 163.
*Dr. Pfeiffer has distinguished a number of small New Zealand species, with the names of the Greek letters alpha, beta, &c.; L. Reeve has given to them mores significant names, which we think to be preferable.
13
b.—Umbilicate. aa.—Convex above.
Helix coresia; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 166 (Zonites); Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 92; Chemnitz, new edit., Helix, pl. 155, fig. 23-26; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig, 807. Auckland.
Helix igniflua, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 774; H. lambda, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 84.
Helix chebriflammis, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 91; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 155, fig. 58; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 805.
bb.—Above flat.
Helix Jeefreysiana, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 105: Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 788.
Helix rapida, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 633; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 1038.
Helix biconcava, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 109; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 43-47; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 810.
Placostylus, Beck.
Placostylus bovinus, Bruguire (Bulimus), Encyclopedic methodique, i., p. 345; Petit., Journ. de Conchyliologie, iv., 1853, p. 404; Crosse, in the same Journal, xii., 1864, p. 124; Bulimus Shongi, Voyage de let Coquille, Zoologize, I, p. 322, pi. 7, fig. 45, 1830; Pfr., Mon. Hel., ii., p. 140; Chemnitz, new edit., Bulimus, pi. 16, fig. 4-5; Reeve, Conch. Ic., vol. v., Bulimus, fig. 159; Gould, Un. St. Expl. Expn., xii., p. 79, atlas, fig. 85; Melania aurantia, Perry, Conchology, 1811, pl. 29, fig 12.
Bay of Islands, near the cascade of Kerikeri, at the foot of treesLesson; Cape Maria Yan Diemen—Dieffenbacli; Auckland—Von Frauenfeld. The shell attains a length of 85 Millimetres. Shongi has been the name of a Maori Chief, to whom Lesson has dedicated this species.
Placostylus noyoseelandicus, Pfr. (Bulimus), Malakoz. Blatter, p. 149; Mon. Hel., v., p.
Wangaruru, near the Bay of Islands; its eggs have a length of seven Millimetres. °
Placostylus antipodum, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 247 (incorrectly antipodarum) ; Pfr., Mon., ii., p. 227.
Kaitaia.—Founded on juvenile specimens.
Pupa novoseelandica, Pfr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1852, p. 149; Mon. Hel, iii., p. 530; Chemnitz, new edit., pl. 17, fig. 18-19.
Has the aspect of the small European species.
Tornatellina novoseelandiæ, Pfr., Mon. Hel., iii., p. 524; Chemnitz, new edit., Pupa, pl. 18, fig. 10-11; Elasmatina Recluzice (non Petit), Gray, Proc. Zool Soc., 1849, p. 167.
14
Succinea tomentosa, Pfr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 297 ; Mon. Hel., iv., p. 814.
Collected by Strange. Janella bitentaculata (Limax), Qnoy. & Gaim., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 148, pl. 13, fig. 1-3, 1832 ; Janella b., Gray, fig., Moll., iv., 1850, p. 112, pl. 180, 15; H. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., ii., p. 130, pi. 80, fig. 5; J. antipodarum, Gray (rectius antipodum)'-, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 112; Catal. Pulmonata, Brit. Mus., p. 6; Knight, in Trans. Linn. Soc., xxii., 1859, p. 381, pi. 68; Keferstein in Zeitschrift f. Wissensch, Zoologie, xv., 1865, pp. 84 and 446, pi. 34; Athoracophorus b., Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped., xii., p. 1 pl., fig. 6, 1852.
Tasman Bay; on leaves.
There is an older genus, a Janella, Grateloup, but as this is identical with Niso, Risso, the name may stand for our slug. Similar forms, probably not genetically distinct, occur in Australia ( Tribeniophorus), New Caledonia, and the New Hebrides. P. Fischer, in "Journal de Conchyliologie," xvi., 1868, pp. 228-232.
B.—Freshwater Mollusca.
GASTEROPODA CTENOBRANCHIA.
PaludinidÆ.
Hydrobia corolla, Gould (Melania), Proc. Bost. Journ., ii., 1847; Exp. shells, p. 44, p. 223; Reeve, Conch. Ic., vol. xii., fig. 366; (Amnicola), Gould, Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 129 atlas, fig. 149; v. Frauenfeld, Abhandl. d. Zool. Bot., Vereins. in Wien., 1864, p. 593; Paludestrina Cwmingiana, and salleana, Fischer, Journal de Lonchyliologie, viii., 1860, p. 208-209, pl. 4, fig. 6-7; Dunker, Malacozool Blatt., viii., 1860, p. 151; H. crossei, Frauenfeld, I. c., p. 595; cilata (Gould), Frauenfeld, I. c., 1862, p. 1025.
Bank's Peninsula, common —Gould. In the lower course of the Waikato, near Auckland —Dunker. A very variable shell, distinguished by fine spines, which may be lost in some specimens.
Hydrobia corolla, Gould, is the type of a proper genus—Potamopyrgus —in Dr Simpson's researches upon the Hydrobiinæ in "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections," vol. vii., No. 201, Washington, Aug. 1865-8, p. 49; and in "American Journal of Conchology," i., p. 531, 1865.
Hydrobia Fischeri, Dunker, Mal. Blatt., viii., 1861, p. 152.
Lake Rotoiti.
Hydrobia antipodum, Gray ( Amnicola) in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 241; and Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist., (2), vii., 1851, p. 69; v. Frauenfeld, I. c., 1864, p. 573.
Some specimens are also bristly.
15
Hydrobia zelandlæ, Gray (Amnicola), ibid.
According to v. Frauenfield, perhaps only a variety of the preceding.
Hydrobia badia, Gould (Amnicola), Proc. Bost. Journ., iii., 1848, p. 75 ; Exp. Shells, p. 51; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 126, atl., fig 150.
Tipoona, Bank's Peninsula. Common among plants in streams.
Hydrobia egena, Gould (Amnicola), Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1848, p. 75; Exp. Shells, p. 52; Amnicola gracilis, Gould, Un. St. E. E. p. 127, fig. 131.
Bank's Peninsula.
Hydrobia spelæa, Frauenfeld, Hydrobia Reevei, Frauenfeld,
Abhandl. Zool. Bot., Gesellsch., Wien., 1862, pp. 1022-1824, figured in the same journal, pl. 8, 1865 Subfossil found with bones of Dinornis.
The several species of the genus require more careful comparison one with the other; some may live also in brackish water.
Stenothyra, Bens. (Nematura, Bens.) A shell from N"ew Zealand, apparently belonging to this genus, has been sent by F. v. Müeller to the Zoological Museum of Stuttgart. The known species come from India and Australia.
Melaniidæ
Melanopsis trifasciata, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, 1843, p. 263; M. Zelandica, Gould, Proc. Bost. Journ., ii., 1848, p. 225; Exp. shells, p. 47; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 130, atlas, fig. 146 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xii.; Mal., f. 2, 1860; M. Strangei, Reeve, ibid, fig. 3 (apparently scarcely different); M. ovata, Dunker, Mal. Blat., vii., 1861, p. 150. Waitangi Falls, in the Bay of Islands; Auckland, and Lake Rotoiti.
GASTEROPODA PULMONATA.
Limnæidæ
Physa variabilis, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 248.
Physa tabulata, Gould, Proc. Bost. Journ., ii., 1848, p. 214; Exp. shells, p. 42; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. atlas, fig. 130.
Bay of Islands. In mountain streams.
Limnæa Wilsoni, Tryon, American Journal of Conchology, ii., 1866, p. 109, pi. 2, fig. 17.
A sinistral shell, perhaps belonging to the genus Physa.
Planorbis corinna, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 167; and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), vii., 1851, p. 67. Auckland.
Latia neritoides, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 168; and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), vii., 1851, p. 68; Recluz. Journal de Conchyliologie, ii., 1851, pl. 6., fig. 16-17 (Crepidula); Pfr., Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 1852, p. 182, pl. 1,fig. 17-18; H. et A. Adams, Genera, of shells, ii., p. 267, pi. 84, fig. 7 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. ix.,fig. 34. Auckland.
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Latia lateralis, Gould (Pelex), Un. St, E. E., xii., p. 153, atlas, fig. 176 ; Reeve, I. c.,fig. 35, 1856.
Near Wangaruru, and at the falls of Waitangi.
BIVALVIA.
Unionidæ.
Unio Menziesii, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 257 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. xvi., Unio.,fig. 152.
Rivers of the Northern Island and Lake Taupo—Dieffenbach. Hounded at both ends.
Unio aucklandicus, Gray, ibid,; Reeve, l. c.,fig. 156.
Bay of Islands and Bay of Amabrusa. Broadly compressed at the hinder end.
Unio lutulentus, Gould, Proc. Post. Journ., iii., 1850, p. 295 ; Exp. shells, p. 88; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 428, atlas, fig. 542 ; Reeve, I. c.,fig. 122.
Auckland—Dr. Sinclair. Somewhat plated.
Unio Hochstetteri, Dunker, Mai. Blatt., viii., 1861, p. 153; Reeve, l. c.,fig. 463.
Lake Taupo, and River Waikato. Somewhat tuberculated.
Unio Zelebori, Dunker, Abhandh. Zool. Bot., Gesellsch.. in Wien, 1856, p. 915 ; Reise der Novara, Mollusken, pl. 2, fig. 28.
Shape resembling that of the European U. tumidus, Retz.
Cyrenidæ.
Sphærium Novæ Zeelandiæ, Deshayes, Catal. Conchifiera, Brit. Mus., ii., p. 272, 1854; Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 342.
Sphærium lenticula, Dunker, Mal. Blatt, viii., 1861, p. 153. Lakes Rotoiti and Taupo.
Pisidium novozeelandicum, Prime, Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist, at New York, viii., 1867, p. 91, with a figure in wood-cut.
C. —Marine Mollusca.
CEPHALOPODA.
Argonauta tubebculata, Shaw. [A. nodosa, Cat. Marine Moll. N. Z.,p. 2].
Great Barrier Island—Dieffenbach.
Octopus cordiformis, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 87, pl. 6. fig. 3; Pinnoctopus c. Orb., Gray, Gat. Cephalopod, Brit. Mus., p. 20.
Tasman Bay.
Sepia. Species not determined—Dieffenbach, i., p. 326.
17
Spirula Peronii, Lam. [ S. lœvis, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 41].
The shell found at the west Coast of the Northern Island by Dieffenbach. Also found near Auckland, by G. v. Frauenfeld. Living specimens of this animal are extremely rare, but the empty shells have been found in various parts of the world, cast on the shore after heavy gales.
GASTEROPODA.
Ctenobranchia.
TOXOGLOSSA.
? Conus
I am not aware that any species of this beautiful genus has been found by later naturalists in New Zealand; but, among the older conchologists, New Zealand is mentioned by Favnne, in the third edition of D'Argenville's Conchyliologie, 1780, vol. ii., pp. 536, 606, 691, 700, 702, and 722, as the locality of some species of Conus, in which we may recognize C. fuscalus Born, fulmineus Gmel., hyæna, informis, and eques, Hwass, and by Hwass himself in his monograph of this genus in the French Encyclopedie Methodique for C. distans, Solander. As all these are species belonging to the Indian sea, or to the inter-tropical Pacific, we may infer that they were collected on one of Cook's voyages elsewhere, but not in New Zealand; G. v. Frauenfeld enumerates C. marmoreus, hebræus, eburneus, virgo, capitaneus, miles, striatus, and textile. (See above).
Pleurotoma (DRILLIA), ROSEA, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 524, pl. 35, fig. 10-11; Pl., Novæ Zeelandiæ, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 143; the name rosea being pre-occupied for another species by Sowerby.
? Terebra.
No species from New Zealand recorded by modern conchologists, except G. v. Frauenfield, who mentions T crenulata, dimidiata, eburnea, babylonica, and subulata, the most common Indian species; but Martyn, Universal Conchologist, 1784, has a "Limax spieatus" and a" Limax fuscus" from New Zealand, pi. 121, in the edition by Chenu, pl, 40, fig. 4 and 4a, which seem to me nothing else than the well-known Terebra duplicata and T. cærulescens, Lam., from the Indian seas, although Dr. J. E. Gray has founded his Bullia Martinii (better Martynii) on one of these figures. We doubt very much that they come from New Zealand.
Rhachiglossa.
Muren novæ zeelandiæ M. Zeelandicus, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol. ii., p. 529, pl. 36, fig. 5-7; Gray, Fig. Moll., 7-3; Sowerby, Conch. III., fig. 34; Desh., Lam., An. Sans Vert, ix., p. 608; Reeve, Conch. Ic., iii, fig. 177.
Cook Strait, in a depth of some fathoms. Belongs to the section of M. calcitrapa, Lam.
c
18
Murex octogonus, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 531, pl. 36, fig- 8-9; Gray, Fig. Moll., 7-4; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pi. 13, fig. 2. Bay of Islands. M. Deshayes and Reeve think this _ shell to be identical with M. peruvianus, Sow., from Peru. The specimen figured by Kiener is banded, while in the original figure of Quoy and Gaimard no bands are seen.
Fusus caudatus, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 503, pl. 34, fig. 20, 21. With an elongated shelly channel (tail), somewhat like the European F. rostratus, Olivi.
? Fusus mandarinus, Duclos, 1831.
The Fusus Zelandicus, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 500, pl. 34, fig. 5, 6, said to be from Tasman Bay, seems to be indeed not sufficiently different from F. mandarinus, the habitat of which from Southern Africa is corroborated by several observers—Prof. Krauss, Dr. Fritsch, &c. Reeve (Conch. Ic., iv., Fusus, nro. et. fig. 8), states, on the contrary, that he has received F. mandarinus from New Zealand. It remains for further observations to elucidate whether the same species lives in both regions.
Fusus duodecimus, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 230. Collected by Dr. Sinclair.
This species is wanting in Reeve's Monograph; H. and A. Adams place it with Trophon. The name would be better written duodecimalis, as it is not the twelfth Fusus, but characterised by twelve ribs. This species being wanting from Reeve's Monograph, I may be allowed to transcribe Gray's description:—" Shell ovate, fusiform, pale yellow, longitudinal, costate; spire conical, acute; whorls rather rounded, last whorl about half the length of the shell, with twelve concentric rounded ribs and a central white band, with some spiral ridges in front, crossing the varices, and closer over the short open canal."
Fusus dilatatus. Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 498, pl. 34, fig. 15, 16; Fig. Moll, 9, 5; Kiener, pl. 1, fig. 2; Desh., Lam., An. S. Vert., ix., p. 475; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 49.
Fusus Stangeri, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 230.
Collected by Dr. Stanger.
This is also wanting in Reeve's Monograph; it is said to be allied to F. lyratus, Martyn, pi. 40 (better liratus), which is a spirally keeled Neptunea, from |he north-west coast of America.
Fusus nodosus, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 5, ed. Chenu, pl. 2, fig .2, as Buccinum; "Murex raphanus, marinus, tuberculatus" (the knotty horse-radish), Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1558; Fusus raphanus, Lam., nro. 20; Kiener, pl. 21, fig. 2; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 61; Buccinum raphanus, Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 428, pl. 3, fig. 3, 6: Gray, Fig. Moll., An., 9, 1.
Cook 'Strait; 25 fathoms—Quoy and Gaimard. May belong to Neptunea.
? Fusus ambiguus, Hombr. anil Jacq., Voy. Pole Sud, Moll., p. 109,
19
pl. 25, fig. 13, 14; Philippi, lcon. Conch., Fusus, pl. 1, fig. 2; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 109
Resembles so much the Magellanic species of the Troplion, that we are inclined to doubt its coming from New Zealand.
Fusus (ecuthria) lineatus. Lined buccinum, Linea, Martyn, Univ. Conch, pl. 48, ed. Chenu, pl. 15, fig. 3; Murex lineatus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1572 ; Fusus lineatus, Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 501, pl. 34, fig. 6, 8; Gray, Fig. Moll., 55; Kiener, pl. 30, fig. 2; Reeve, fig. 31 ; Fusus linea, Desh., Lam., An. S. Vert., ix., p. 476; Euthria lineata, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Moll., I p. 86
Bay of Islands. It is remarkable that many New Zealand shells are painted in a similar manner, with narrow black lines—for example, F. dilatatus, zelandicus, vittatus, Murex octogonus, and Cominella lineolata.
Fusus (euthria ?) vittatus, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 504, pl. 34, fig. 18, 19.
Bay of Islands.
Fusus (euthria) littorinoides, Reeve, Conch. Ic., Buccinum, fig. 94. Collected by Earl.
Fusus spiralis, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 222
Fusus incisus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1849, p. 141; Exp. Shells, p 64 ; Tin. St. E. E., xii., p. 233.
Cominella maculata, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 49, ed. Chenu., pl. 15, fig. 4, as Buccinum m.; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1476, 1477; ish., Lam., Ann. S. Vert., Bucc., nro59; REeve, Conch. Ic., iii., fig. 16; Buccinum turgidum, Solander, Gmelin; Buccinum adspersum, Brug.; Bucc. testudineum, (var.), Q. and G., Voy. Astrol, pl. 30, fig. 12; Gray, Fig. Moll., 14, 2 ; Kiener, pl. 1, fig. 2; Purpura turgida, Gray, in Diejfenbach's Travels; Purpura maculata, in Yate, p. 308; Cominella maculata, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Moll., i., p. 110, pl. 11 ,fig. 6b, 6c, operculum; Martens, Mai. Blatt., xix., 1872, p. 21.
All authors are unanimous in recognising New Zealand as its home; v. Frauenfeld mentions it from Auckland. In some specimens the last whorl is very gibbous, somewhat like Cyrtulus; the inside of the mouth is yellow. This genus agrees in the shell and radula more with Buccinum, but the nucleus of the operculum is apical, as in Fusus. Buccinum maculosum, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pi. 8, ed. Chenu, pl. 3, fig. 2; Purpura maculosa, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels (non Purpura maculosa, Blainv.), and Bucc. Zealandicum, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 28, may be the young of this species; some authors refer the former to the following species.
Cominella testudinea, Chemnitz (Buccinum), Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1454; Encycl. Method., atlas, pl. 399, fig. 2; Lam., An. S. Vert., nro. 7; Q. Amd G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 415, pl. 30, fig. 8, 11; Kiener, pl. 1, fig. 1; Gray, Fig. Moll., pl. 14, fig. 1 and 3; Kiener, fig. 22; Reeve,
20
fig. 66; Buccinum tigrinurn, Gmelin, Linne. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, nro. 188; Purpura testudinea, Yate, p. 308; Cominella testudinea, Gray, Guide, p. 15.
Tasman Bay, and Bay of Islands. Auckland—Frauenfeld.
Cominella Qdoyi, Kiener, Spec. Conch., Buccinum, fig. 13; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 107.
Cominella lineolata, (Buccinum, Lam., An. S. Vert., nro. 18; Encycycl. Meth., pl. 400, fig. 8?), Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 419, pl. 30, fig. 14, 16; Kiener, Spec. Coq., Bucc., fig. 3; Reeve, Conch. Ic., Bucc., fig. 36; Pollia l., Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels; Cominella virgata, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Moll., 1, p. 110, pi. 1b, fig. 6a (copied from Q. and G.) [B. lævigatum, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 14.]
Bay of Islands, between stones on the shore—Quoy and Gaimard. Also collected by Dr. Stanger. Specimens sent by Dr. v. Müller to Stuttgart appear to be intermediate between this species and testudinea; Kiener's fig. 25 may be the same. There is a nearly-allied species also on the shores of New Holland, viz., C. alveolata, Kien.
Cominella glandiformis, Reeve, Conch. Ic., Bucc., fig. 109, p. 847; Buccinum Zelandicum, Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. au Pole Sud, Moll, p. 24, pi. 21, fig. 3-6, seems to be the same. We have received it alsoby Mr. Zelebor, and Dr. v. Miiller, from New Zealand. by Mr. Zelebor, and Dr. v. Müller, from New Zealand.
Bucc. luridum, Philippi Zeitschrift, f. Malak., 1848, Icon., pl. 1, fig. 10, from New Zealand, appears to be scarcely different from glandiformis, only the knobs of the body whorl are lengthened to plait-like elevations.
Cominella lactea, Reeve, Conch. Ic., Buccinum, fig. 117.
We have received this species by Mr. J. Cox, as coming from New Zealand.
? Cominella buccinum catabacta, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1455.
Not Reeve's Purpura, c., fig. 40, which is a South African species= Versicolor, Wood = Rubra, Krauss.
? Cominella buccinum funebeum, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 152; Exped. Shells, p. 67; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 253, atlas, fig. 320.
? Cominella buccinum melo, Lesson, in Revue Zoologique, 1840, p. 355.
? Cominella buccinum triton, Lesson, ibid, 1841, p. 37.
These four species are unknown to me, they belong, perhaps, also to the genus Cominella; Dr. J. E. Gray suggests that the latter may be the juvenile state of Fusus nodosus.
Nassa rutilans, Reeve, Conch. Ic., viii., fig. 147, 1853.
Nassa coeticata, Reeve, ibid, fig. 89, 1854.
Nassa novæ zelandiæ Reeve, ibid, fig. 186.
Allied to the former.
Nassa nigella, A. Adams, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 173, 1854.
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Ricinula iodostoma, Guerin, in Revue Zool., 1840, p. 355; and Magasin de Zool., 1842, p. 58; Deshayes, Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, x., p. 54; Reeve Conch., Ic., iii., fig. 4.
Purpura haustrum, Martyn, Bucc., Univ. Conch., pl. 9, ed., Chenu., pl. 3, fig. 3; Buccinum hauritorium, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1449, 1450; Bucc. haustorium, Gmelin; Haustrum zealandicum, Perry, Conch., pl. 44, fig. 5; Microtoma unicolor, Swainson, Mem. Malac., Purpura haustrum., Q. and 6., Voy. Astrol., Zool. ii., p. 554, pl. 37, fig. 4-8; Gray, Fig. Moll., 13, 2, and 6; Yate, p. 307; Kiener, Spec. Conch., fig. 69; Reeve, Conch. Ic., Hi., fig. 6.
From the " Passe des Francis," —Quoy and Gaimard; Auckland— Frauenfeld.
The general aspect of this species resembles that of P. patula and Rudolphi, Lam., but its dentition is, according to Prof. Troschel's researches (Gebiss der Schneeken, ii., pl. 12, fig. 20), nearer that of the following species, which form with the European P. lapillus, the subgenus Polytropa, Swains. The names haustrum, hauritorium, and haustorium are various translations of scoop, as this species was called by the English conchologists in the time immediately after Cook's voyage.
Purpura succincta, Martyn (Buccinum), Univ. Conch., pl. 45, ed. Chenu., pl. 14, fig. 2; Lamarck, An. S. Vert., Purpura, nro. 5; Encycl. Meth., pl. 398, fig. 1; Kiener, Spec. Conch., fig. 73 and 73a; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 23; Gould, Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 246; Buccinum orbita, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1471, 1472.
(Orbita is the latin translation of" cart-rut," which was the name for this shell among the earlier English conchologists, who became acquainted with it by Cook's voyage.)
Martyn, Ghemnitz Dr. Stanger, and Dr. v. Müller, unanimously state that this is a New Zealand species; according to J. Cox's Exchange List, 1869, p. 5, it is also found in New Holland. Prof. Krauss, on the contrary, seems to be wrong in placing it among the South African shells, Südafrikanische Mollusken, p. 118, Baron von Ludwig having sent to the museum of Stuttgart also, many objects which came from New Holland.
Purpura striata, Martyn (Bucc.), Univ. Conch., pl. 7, ed. Chenu., pl. 3, fig. 1 (not fig. 41, which has the same name). Buccinum orbitalacunosa, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1473 ; Bucc. lacunosum, Bruguière ; Purp. rugosa, Lam., An. S. Vert., nro. 23; P. textiliosa juvenalis, hiener, Spec. Coq., fig. 72b; Purp. rupestris, Valenciennes, in Voyage de la Venus, Moll., pl. 9, fig. 1, and Voy. au Pole Sud, Moll., p. 89, pl. 22, fig. 23; P. succincta, var., Reeve, Conch. Ic., without figure. [P. Succincta, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 16].
" The lesser cart-rut" of elder conchologists.
Purpura textiliosa, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, x., p. 77, nro. 24 ; Encycl. Meth., pl. 398, fig. 4; Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 552,
22
pl. 37, fig. 1,3; Gray, Fig. Moll., 14, 6; Kiener, Spec. Coq.,fig. 72, 72a; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 66.
On rocks at French Pass—Quoy and Gaimard. This and the two preceding species are nearly allied together.
Purpura scobina, Quoy & Gaim., Voy. Aatrol., Zool., ii., p. 567, pl. 38, fig. 12, 13 ; Gould, Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 245.
The figure given for it by Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, fig. 72, agrees very little with, that of Quoy and Graimard.
Purpura Quoyi, Reeve, Conch Ic., fig. 71; P. rugosa, Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 369, pl. 38, fig. 19, 21, 1832 (non P. rugosa, Lam., 1822, nec Murex rugosus, Born 1788); P. lacunosa, Blamville, in Annales du Museum d'Hist. Nat., i., 1832, nro 41. (non. Bucc. lacunosum, Brug.); P. scobina, Kiener, Spec. Coq., fig. 83 and 83a; P. albomarginata, Deshayes, in Gueriris Mag. de Zool., 1841, pl. 44; and P. tristis, Dunker, Verhandl. Zool.-bot., Verein zu Wien, 1866, p. 910; and Reise der Novara, Moll., pl. 1, fig- 4, Seem to be scarcely different enough from P. Quoyi.
Pukpura patens, Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. au Pole Sud, Moll., p. 85, pl. 22, fig. 1, 2.
Somewhat allied to the preceding.
Columbella zebra, Gray, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conchyl., i., fig 105; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xi-,fig 72.
Columbella choava, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 239.
Auckland. Nearly allied to the preceding. The name signifies "coffee berry," and should therefore b " coffea."
Voluta pacifica, Solander, Portland Museum, nro. 4039; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., xi„ fig 1713, 1714; Lam., An. S. Vert, 2 vol x., p 399, nro. 35; Swainson, Exotic Conchology, pl. 14; Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., Zool, ii., p.- 625, pl. 44, fig. 6; Gray, Fig Moll 27 3 ; Keener Spec. Coq. pl. 37, fig. 1, 2; Swains. Exotic, Conch., pl. 44; Sowerby, Thesaur. Conch, i., fig. 25, 26, 27; Yate, p 307; Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. au Pole Sud., Moll., pl 19, fig 7 ; Gray, Fig. Moll., pl. 263; Reeve, Conch. Ic vi., fig. 38; Buccinum arabicum, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 52, ed. Chenu., pl. 17, fig. 1 ; Voluta arabica, Gmel.
Bay of Islands—Quoy and Gaimard. Auckland, and northern part of New Zealand—Cox, Exchange List, p. 79. Dr. Solander states that he has found it, 1770, at the Endeavour reef (New Holland).
Voluta gracilis, Swainson, Exotic Conchology, pl. 42 (43), 1821; Sowerby, Thesaur.,fig. 117, 118; Reeve Conch. Ic fig. 40; V. fusus, Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., ii., p. 627, pl. 44, fig. 78; Gray, Fig. Moll., 27, 2.
Tasman Bay. H. and A. Adams identify V. fusus with V. tuberculata, Swainsfrom Magellan Straits, Gen., ii.,_ p. 617, instead of gracilis, which is evidently an erroneous transposition caused by the printer.
23
Ancillaria australis, Sow., Spec. Conchyl., 1830; Q. and G., Voy. Astrol., iii., p. 22, pl. 49, fig. 13, 17; Gray, Fig. Moll., 19, 5; Deshayes, second ed. of Lamarck, x., p. 392; Sow., Thes. Conch., iii., fig. 1, 2; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xi v., fig. 7.
Gulf of Hauraki (the so-called river Thames), and Bream Bay, called by the Natives enhata-atouang- Quoy and Gaimard. A. pyramidalis. Reeve, ibid, fig. 11; A. obesa, Sow., Thesaurus, fig. 44, 45; and Reeve, fig. 28; depressa, Sow., fig. 5, are scarcely different from A. Australis.
The species described and figured by Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrol., iii., p. 19, pl. 49, fig. 5-12, Gray, Fig. Moll., 19, 1-3, with the name albisulcata, Sow., found in Cook Straits, at a depth of some fathoms, is not Sowerby's albisulcata, as it has an enamellous thickening in the upper part of the mouth, which is wanting in the true albisulcata, but appears to be only a variety of A. Australis.
Ancillaria novæ zeelandiæ. Sow., Thesaurus Conchology, iii., fig. 48, 49; Reeve, fig. 41.
Of small size.
Mitra and Oliva.
These two beautiful genera appear to be very poorly represented in New Zealand. We know only that M. aurantia, Gmel., Lam., is cited from New Zealand, by Guerin, Magasin de Zoologie, 1831, pl. 6; M. nucea, Gronor, olivacea, Lam., by Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, ii., fig. 86; and Oliva erythrostoma, by Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, on the authority of Dr. Stanger; and by v. Frauenfeld, Loc. Cit. As all these specimens are not rare in the Indian Seas, and have long since become common in European collections, these statements appear to us somewhat doubtful.
Trapezodonta, Gray.
Lamellaria ophione, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 169; and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist (2), vii., 1851, p. 69. [L. indica, Cat. Marine, Moll., p. 21].
Cassidea.
(Proboscidifera Tsenioglossa.)
Ranella leucostoma, Lam.
A well-known shell of New Holland; is stated to have been found in Bream Bay (Baie des brumes), by Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage of Astrolabe, Zool. ii., p. 547, pl. 40, fig. 3, 4 (Triton l.) ; Gray, Fig. Moll., 85 ; and in Cook Strait, by Dieffenbach.
Ranella argus, Gmelin (as Murex), Lam.
A variety of it, with transverse plaits, occurs near Manukau, and in Cook Strait, according to Dr. Dieffenbach. The species belongs to Southern Africa.
? Tritonium variegatttm, Lam.
A well-known Indian shell, stated to have been found on the west coast, near Cape Maria Van Dieman, by Dieffenbach. A very similar species, T. Australe, Lam., lives on the shores of New Holland.
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? Tritontum Spewgleri, Chemn., Lam.
Common on the shores of New Holland ; occurs also on those of New Zealand, according to Dr. Stanger, in Gray's list. Also mentioned from Auckland, by G. v. Frauenfeld.
Tkitonium fusiforme, Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl 5, fig. 2 ; Desh., Lam., An. S. Vert, ix., p. 644; Reeve, Conch lc., ii-, fig. 66.
Auckland and Sydney, at 12 and 15 fathoms —Frauenfeld, Loc. Cit., p. 889.
? Tritonium Chemnitzii, Gray.
A specimen agreeing very well with this species, as figured by Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, fig. 37, has been sent by Dr. Müller to the Museum in Stuttgart, among other New Zealand shells. Reeve gives Panama as its locality. As several species of this genus are very widely distributed through various parts of the world, we do not dare to deny the above mentioned statements.
Cassis pirum, Lam., Kiener, Spec. Coq., fig. 25; Reeve, Conch. Ic., v., fig. 29.
A common New Holland shell; sent by Dr. v. Müller, as coming from New Zealand; also mentioned by v. Frauenfeld, from Auckland.
Dolium variegatum, Lam., Kiener, Spec. Coq.,fig. 3; Reeve, Conch. Ic., v., fig. 7.
Known from the northern and western shores of New Holland. Is stated by Dieffenbach to occur near Cape Maria Van Dieman.
Involuta.
(Cypraidæ.)
Cypræa.
No peculiar New Zealand species of this beautiful genus is known. The costlv orange-cowry, C. aurantium, Martyn, Aurora, Solander, has been regarded as such by Favanne, Catal. Raisonne, 1784, but wrongly; it is now well known that it lives on the shores of several small islands of the Pacific between the Tropics—for example, the Friendly and Pelew (Peleliu) Islands. Dr. Gray cites besides C. caput-serpentis, L., and reticulata, Martyn, in his list of New Zealand shells in Dieffenbach's Travels, but they are well known species of the Indian seas and the Pacific, and as the species of this genus are often brought home by sailors and other unscientific men, for their beauty's sake, many erroneous statements occur concerning their habitat. G. v. Frauenfeld enumerates C. asellus, carneola, arabica, caput-serpentis, obvelata, erosa, lynx, vitellus, the most common species of the Eastern seas.
? Ovula ovum, L., oviformis, Lam.
Perry gives New Zealand as locality for his O alba, Conchology, pl, 53, fig. 1, 'which is evidently the well-known O. ovum of Indian seas. As Perry's work is full of errors concerning the localities of his shells, not much reliance can be placed on this assertion.
25
Alata.
(Leptopoda, Gray).
?Strombus pacificus, Swains, Ploughalata, aratum, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 1, ed. Chenu, pl. 1, fig. 1; Strombus auris-Dianæ, var., Solander, Catal. Portland Mus. ; S. auris-Diance Novo Zealandice, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. ix., fig. 1485, 1486; S. acutus, Perry, Conchol., pl. 12, fig. 2 (1811); S. pacificus, Swains., Exotic Conchol., (1825, 1837), pl. 25; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 13, fig. 1; Sowerby, Thes., 1,fig. 95; S. Novæ Zdandliæ, Deshayes, ed. Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ix., p. 716; Reeve, Conch. Ic., vi. fig. 35.
Chemnitz names New Zealand as its locality, on the authority of an English dealer of that time; Reeve gives the same locality. Dr. Solander, on the contrary, names the island Pulo Condore, near the shore of Cambodja, and Deshayes, (Loc. Cit.,) Peru as its home. It is wanting in Dr. Gray's catalogue, and more recent statements concerning its occurrence are not known to me.
? Strombus minimus, L., troglodytes, Lam.
A well-known Indian shell, cited by Dr. Gray, on the authority of Dr. Sinclair, as having been found in New Zealand.
Sigaretea.
(Naticidæ.)
Natica Zelandica, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol, Zool. ii,, p. 237, pl. 60,fig. 11, 12; Phillipi, in the new edition of Chemnitz, pl. 8, fig. 9; Reeve, Conch. Ic., vol. fig. 90.
On the eastern coast of the northern island—Dieffenbach; Auckland —v. Frauenfeld. The operculum is shelly, according to Mr. Bidwell, and the species nearly allied to the widely-distributed N. maroccana, Chemnitz.
Tæenioglossa.
Struthiolaria, Lam.
This curious genus belongs almost exclusively to New Zealand and New Holland, but is more richly represented in the former. It appears to'claim its systematic place near Aporrhais, but as the dentition of it is not yet known, we have no full evidence about it. The largest and most characteristic species is
Struthiolaria papulosa, Martyn, without systematic name. First described by L. Spengler in the German periodical Naturforscher, part xvii., 1782, pi. 2, fig. A., 8., from a specimen brought home from Cook's voyages; Buccinum papulosum, Martyn, Univ. Conch., 1784, pl. 54, ed. Cheriu., pi. 17, fig. 2; Bucc. coronarium, Solander, Catal. Portl. Mus; Murex pes-struthiocameli, the "ostrich's foot," (hence the name Struthiolaria,) Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1520, 1521; Murex stramineus, Gmelin, 13th ed., of Linne's Syst. Nat.; Struthiolaria nodulosa, Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 534; Str. straminea and Str. gigas, Sowerby, Gen. of Shells; Str. nodosa (by misprint for
D
26
nodulosa), Gray, in Yate's work, p. 308; Str. papillaris, Gray, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 76; Str. straminea and Str. vermis, Reeve, Conch Ic., vol. vi., fig. 3 and 4.
Very common at the Bay of Islands —Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 432, and on the western coast of the the Northern Island. It lives on sandy shores, like Oliva; the operculum is very small. Dr. Gray, Sowerby, and Reeve have tried to distinguish two species, but the differences enumerated by them cannot be maintained when more specimens are compared.
Struthiolaria australis, Gmel., Spengler, Loc. Cit., fig. C. D.; Buccinum vermis, Worm Ruccinum, JKartyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 53, ed. Chenu., pl. 16, fig. 3.
We are at a loss to divine the cause of this very singular appellation. Murex australis, Gmelin, 13th ed., of Linne's Syst. Nat.; Struthiolaria crenulata, Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 535 ; Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 439, pi. 31, tig. 1, 9, Gray, Fig. Moll., 5, 3; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 6; Gray, Fig. Moll., 91, 6. This drawing of the animal is probably only a modification of that given by Quoy and Gaim. Yate, p. 308; Str. australis, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 1; Str. inermis, Sow., Thes. i., fig. 12, appears a variety of the same, without knobs.
Tasman Bay—Quoy and Gaimard; it is called "takai" by the Natives. It is said to occur also on the shores of New Holland.
Struthiolaria scutulata, Martyn. (Buccinum), Univ. Conch., pl. 55, ed. Chenu, pl. 18, fig. 1; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., p. 176, fig. C. D.; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 2; Desh., ed. Lam., ix., p. 536; Str. oblita, Sowerby, Catal. of the Shells of the late Earl Tankerville, 1825, p. xviii.; Genus Pelicaria, Gray, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 77.
Sutures filled by an enamel layer.
Cerithium bicolor, Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. Pole. Sud., Moll., p. 99, pl. 23, fig. 14, 15.
Cerithium striatum, Hombr. and Jacq, ibid,, p. 100, pl. 23, fig. 16, 17.
Nearly allied to the preceding.
Cerithium (cerithidea) bicarinatum, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 241; Sowerby, Thes. Conch, ii., fig. 288; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xv., Cerithidea,fig. 27; C. lutulentum, Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 22, fig. 3.
Bay of Islands—Dr. Sinclair.
Cerithium (cerithidea) subcarinatum, Sowerby, Reeve, Cerithidea, fig. 28.
Cerithium (lampania) austbale, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii,, p. 131 pl. 55, fig 7; Cerithium, Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 8, fig. 2; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xv., Lampania, fig. 4.
A well known Australian species, stated to occur also in the Bay of Islands, by Dr. Sinclair, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels.
Cerithium (bittium) terebelloides, Sp. Nov.
27
Conical turrited, yellowish, smooth; on the upper whorls three, on the last, four spiral keels of nearly equal strength; the interstices between them have faint perpendicular striae ; at the base of the last whorl there is a blunt angle, and beneath it a fifth keel. The aperture is deeply notched at the base, without any protruding channel. The specimens which are imperfect at the tip, are eight millimetres in length, and two and a half in breadth; they show ten whorls ; they have been sent by Dr. v. Müller to the Museum at Stuttgart, with the statement that they came from New Zetland. C. terebellum, C. B. Adams, Sowerby, Thesaur, fig. 241, is very similar to them; also C. cereum, Sow., and C. dextroversum, Ad. and Reeve, but the last is much more slender, and its interstices show a deeper sculpture ; in cereum, the keels are broader, and the base is more narrowed. [C. cinctum, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 27.]
Triforis gemmulata, Adams and Reeve, Zool., Voy. Samarang, p. 46, pl. 4, fig. 34.
To this species originally found in the China sea, we are induced to refer a specimen sent by Dr. v. Müller from New Zealand.
Turritella rosea, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool.,iii., p. 136, pl. 55, fig. 24, 26; Gray, Fig. Moll., 531; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 12, fig. 2; Reeve, Conch. Ic., v., fig. 41.
Tasman Bay—Quoy and Gaimard; Mongonui on the eastern coast of the North Island—Dieffenbach.
Turbitella pagoda, Reeve, Conch. Ic., viii fig 60
Dr. Sinclair.
Litorina diemensis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol. Zool. ii., p. 479, pl. 33, fig. 8, 10; Gray, Fig. Moll., 513, Reeve, Conch. Ic., x., fig. 94.
Also from Auckland, by v. Frauenfield.
Litorina cincta, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol. Zool., ii., p. 481, pl. 30, fig 20, 21; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 53.
Martyn's Limax coccinea, Univ. Conch., pl. 68, fig. 1, ed. Chenu, pl. 24, fig. 3, from New Zealand, not yet recognized, is perhaps a rather large, pale, specimen of this L. cincta.
Litorina vilis, Menke, Philippi, Icones Conch., pl. 2, fig. 21, 1846; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 12.
L. Monilifera, Eydoux and Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool., pl. 31, fig. 37, 39, appears to be the same species.
Litobina luctuosa, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 65.
Litorina Novæ zeelandiæ Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 74.
Also from Auckland, by G. v. Frauenfeld.
L. Reeve gives also New Zealand as habitat for L. bullata, Martyn, papillosa, Lam, which is distributed widely in the Indian sea and belongs to the sub-genus Pagodus or Sectaria; and for L. pyramidalis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. AstroL, 33, 12, 15; Gray, Fig. Moll., 516, from New Holland, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig., 1 and 14.
28
Risella Kielmanseggi, Frauenfeld, Verhandh. d. Zool.-bot. Gesellsch. zu Wien, 1866, p. 913; Reise, der Novara, Mollusk, pl. 1, fig. 1.
The genus Risella is chiefly characteristic for New Holland, but already Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., fig. 1526, and Favanne, Concbvliologie, ii., p. 142, "le lepreux," state the occurrence of a species of this genus New Zealand, Trochus melanostomus, Gmel.
? Trichotropis.
Dr. v. Mlüler has sent to the Museum at Stuttgart a species which appears to agree with T. flavida, Hinds, Proc. Zoo]. Soc., 1843, p. 18; Sowerby, Thes. Conch., iii., pi. 285, fig. 11, (flavidula); Sowerby mentions Sitka as locality, probably by error, as Hinds himself mentions this locality for two others, but did not know the locality of his flavida.
Capulacea.
(Ptocamobranchia, Gray.)
Crepidula costata, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, fig. 3; Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 414, pl. 72, fig. 10, 12; Gray, Fig. Moll. 58 Desh, ed. Lam., An. S. Vert., viii., p. 644; Conch. Ic., xi., fig. 21; Favanne, Conchyliologie, i., p. 565, "retort canelee."
Bay of Islands, Quoy and Gaimard, and Dieffenbach; Great Barrier Island—Dr. Sinclair ; 011 stones in deep water—Bid well.
Crepidula monoseyla, Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. i., p. 391.
Crepidula contorta, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 418, pl. 72, fig. 15, 16; Deshayes, ed. Lam., An. S. Vert., viii., p. 645.
Bay of Islands.
Trochita maculata, Quoy and Gaim., (Crepidula), Voy. Astrol. Zool, iii., p. 422, pl. 72, fig. 6, 9; Gray, Fig. Moll., 58,* 4; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xi., Trochita, fig., 15.
Already mentioned by Zorn in Abhandl. d. Naturf. Geselluscb. zu. Danzig, i., 1778, nro. 25; and Favanne, Conehylilogie, i., p. 565, from New Zealand.
Inside often, but not always, violet blue.
Bay of Islands—Quoy and Gaim., and Deiffenbac h Great Barrier Island —Dr. Sinclair. Calyptrœa dilatata (Sowerby), Gray, in Yate's work, p. 308, and Crepidula (Sigapatella), novœ zeelandiœ, Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, Zool., p. 397, appears to be the same species. The C. scutum of the last author, p. 397, also from New Zealand, is not yet recognized.
Protopoda.
Vermetus (cladopoda) zelandicus, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool, iii., p. 293, pl. 67, fig. 16, 17, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 566; Mörch, in Journal de Conchyliologie, vii., 1858, p. 349.
Bay of Islands. No operculum.
Vermetus (stephopoma) roseus, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 300, pl. 67, fig. 20, 24, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 56, 3 (Siliquaria rosea) ;
29
Mörch, in Journ. de Conchyl., viii., 1859,p 42. [S. lœvigata, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 31.]
In the so-called River Thames (the Gulf of Hauraki), in rather considerable depth—Quoy and Gaimard. Operculum fringed.
Vermetus (?) cariniferus, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 242. Parengarenga near the North Cape. A horny operculum.
Ptenoglossa.
Scalaria, a species allied to sulcata, Sow., Thes. Conch., i., pi. 35, fig. 111, but with deeper sutures between the whorls. Sent by Dr. v. Müller.
Scalaria (opalia) Zelebori, Frauenfeld, Verhand. Zool.-bot., Verien. zu Wien, 1866, p. 912; Reise der Novara, Moll., pl. 1, fig. 6.
Solarium egenum, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1848, p. 84; Exp. Shells, p. 54; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 196, atlas, fig. 228.
Rhipidoglossa.
Nerita.
There is at least one species on the shores of New Zealand, but it has not yet been satisfactorily described. Already in the first catalogue of Australian shells, given by v. Zorn in the papers of a learned society in Dantzic, a smooth black species of Nerita from New Zealand is mentioned; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., p. 296, speaks of the same as being a variety of N. atrata which is a species proper to the tropical shores of the Atlantic; Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 240, mentions a Nerita nigra, Quoy and Gaim., as having been observed by Dieffenbach himself at Manukau, on the western coast of the Northern Island ; but there is no N. nigra in the works of Quoy and Gaimard, only a "Nérite noirâtre" (blackish, not black), without latin name in the Voyage de l'Uranie, Zool., p. 460, the locality of which is unknown, and this is probably meant by Dr. Gray ; finally Reeve gives New Zealand as locality for N. atrata, fig. 16. We suppose this Nerita to be perhaps identical with N punctata, Quoy and Gaim., Yoy. Astrol., pi. 65, fig. 41, 42, from New Holland, which may be also the atrata of Dr. Cox's Exchange List, p. 13.
Turbo smaragdus, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 73, 74, ed. Chenu, 26, 1, 2 ; Von Zorn, in the German Journ. Naturforscher, vii., 1775, pl. 2, fig. A. 1, 2 ; Chemnitz, Conch Cab., v., fig. 1815, 1816 ; Gmelin, 13th ed. of Linne's Syst. Nat., p. 3595 and 3602 ; Lamarck, Ann. S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 194, nro. 16 ; Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii.,p. 219, pl. 60, fig. 6, 8 ; Gray, Fig. Moll., 38, 1 ; Yate, p. 308 ;Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl.6, fig. 2 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., ix., fig. 13 ; Turbo helicinus, Born, Test. Musei Cœsarei Vindob., p. 348. pl. 12, fig. 23, 24.
Tasman Bay—Quoy and Gaimard; Tory Channel, in Cook Straits— Dieffenbach ; Auckland—v. Frauenfeld.
The occurrence of the following species in New Zealand is somewhat doubtful :
Turbo Lajonkairii, Deshayes, in Guerin's Mag. de Zoologie, 1839 ;
30
pl. 6, as Delphinula, L.; Kiener, Spec. Coq., Turbo, pl. 17, fig. 1.
Reeve, Conch. Ic., Turbo, fig. 5, states that it has been found at Keeling Island near Sumatra by Ch, Darwin.
? Turbo stamineus, Martyn, Univ. Conch., 71, ed. Chenu, 25, 1, (Helix st.) ; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., p. 145, and x., p. 293.
T. torquatus, Gmelin, and T. singularis, Solander, are given by Martyn and Chemnitz as New Zealand shells; in later times never found there, but only in New Holland. (Sub-genus, Ninella, Gray).
? Turbo undulatus, Martyn.
Given by Reeve, fig, 3, on Earl's authority, as coming from New Zealand. Common in New Holland. (Sub-genus Marmorostoma, Gray).
Calcar Cookii, Spengler (Trochus), German Journ. Naturforscher, ix., 1776 p. 155, pl. 3, fig. 5, 6; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., 1781, fig. 1540, 1551, (Trochus Cooksianus) ; Tr. sulcatus, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 35, ed. Chenu, pl. 11; Trochus Cookii, Gmelin, 13th ed. Linne's Syst. Nat., p. 3580; Lamarck, Ann. S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 131, nro. 24; Turbo Cookii, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 221, pl. 60, fig. 19, 23, = Gray, Fig. Moll., AO, 2 ; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pi. 14, fig. 1 ; Cookia nobilis, Lesson, Illust. Zool., 1832, pl, 15; Gray, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p.145; Tubicanthus Cookii, Swainson, Mem. Malac., 1840; Cookia sulcata, 11. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., i., p. 403, pl. 45, fi g. 3.
Tasman Bay—Quoy and Gaimard; Auckland —v. Frauenfeld.
Calcar imperials, Chemnitz (Trochus), Conch. Cab., v., 1781, p. 13, fig., 1714, 1715; Gmelin, 13th ed Linne, p. 3576; Lamarck, Ann. S. Vert, ed. 2, ix., p. 122; Kiener, Spec. Coq., Trochus, pl. 2; Trochus heliotropium, Martyn, Univ. Conch., 1784, pl, 30, ed, Chcnu, 9, 1; Reeve, Conch, To., Trochus, xiii., fig. 30; Turbo imperialis, Quay and Gaim., Toy. Astral, Zool, iii., p. 226, pl. 61, fig. 1, 4, = Gray, Fig. Moll, 40, 1; Imperator aureolatus, Montfort, Conch. Syst., 1810; Imp. imperialis, Gray, in Yate, p. 308; Canthcrbis imperialis, Swainson, Mem. Malac, 1840; Guildfordia heliophorus, Gray, Fig. Moll, iv.,p.88, 1850, and Guide Moll. Brit. Mus.,p. 144; Astralium heliotropium, H. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll, ii., p. 398; pl 44.
Cloudy Bay—Forster; Tasman Bay—Quoy and Gaimard; Auckland— v. Frauenfeld.
Calcar granosum, Martyn (Trochus), Univ. Conch.,pl. 37, ed. Chenu, pl. 10, fig. 5; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., Jig. 1803, 1804 (Cochlea lunaris, rubicunda, granosa, etc.); Favanne, 3rd ed. Argenville's Conchyliologie, ii., p. 54, " turban a robe granuleuse "; Modelia granosa, Gray, Fig. Moll., iv., 1850, p. 87, and Guide, Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 143; H. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., i., p. 394, pl. 43, fig. 5; Turbo rubicundus, Reeve, Conch. Syst., ii., pl. 223, fig. 11, 12, and Conch. Ic., iv., Turbo, fig. 11; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 12, fig. 1.
Perhaps also Trochus granulatus, Gray, in Yate's work p. 308, without description.
This shell is very similar to the following Trochus tigris and T. punctulatus, but the thick shelly operculum distinguishes it at once from them.
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It is very probably an error that Calcar inæquale, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 31, ed. Chenu, 8, 4, = Chenmitz, Conch. Cab., x., p. 287, Trochus gibberosus, Dillwyn, Tr. ochraceus, Phillipi, in Zeitschrift fur Malakazoologie, 1846, monograph of Trochus in the new edition of Chemnitz, pi. 21, fig. 1, Trochus inæqualis, Reeve, Conch. Ic., xiii., fig. 25, is given as a New Zealand shell by Favanne, Phillipi, and Reeve • it comes from the north west coast of America, and already Chemnitz correctly gives King George Sound as its locality.
Trochus (zizyphinus) Granatum, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., 1780, fig. 1654, 1655 (Granatum) ; Gmelin, 13th ed. Linne, p. 3584; Favanne, 3rd ed. Argenville's Conchyliologie, xi,,p. 343, "pomme de grenade"; Lamarck, Ann. S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 145, nro. 54; Kiener, Spec. Cog.,pl. 15, fig. 1; (Tr.) Tigris, Martyn, Univ. Conch., 1784, pl. 75, ed. Chenu, pl. 26, fig. 3; Tr. Tigris, Gmelin, Loc. Cit., p. 3585; Philippi, new ed. Chemnitz, Trochus, p. 50; Zizyphinus tigris, Reeve, Conch. Ic., x.v/.,fig. 4; "La pomme grenade," Favanne, 3rd ed. Argenville's Conchyliologie, ii,,p. 343.
Trochus (zizyphinus) Punctulatus, Martyn, Spengler,in German Jour. Naturforscher, ix., 5 fig. 2; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., fig. 1520, 1521, " Trochus adspersum ex rubicundo, etc." ; Tr. punct., Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 36, ed. Chenu, pl. 10, 4; Philippi, in Chemnitz, new ed., Trochus, pl. 15, fig. 7; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 15, fig. 2; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 95; Turbo punctulatus and Trochus diaphanus, Gmelin, 13th edit, of Linne, p. 3589 and 3580; Turbo diaphanus, Lamarck, An. S. Vert., edit. 2,ix, p. 196; Trochus diaphanus, Quoy and/ Gaim., Voy. Astrol., iii., p. 256,pl. 64, fig. 1, 5, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 40, 1; Turbograndineus, Valenciennes, Voy. de la Venus, Zool., pl. 4, fiq. 4.
Tasman Bay, Near the French Pass—Quoy and Gaim.
Trochus (zizyphinus) Cunninghami, Gray, in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, pl. 1, fig. 7; Phillipi, Loc. Cit., pl. 41, fig. 7; Zizyphinus, C., Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 6.
Tr. decarinatus, Perry, Conchology, 1811, pl. 47, fig. 2, appears to be the same; the term " decarinatus " is intended by him to signify, that the whorls are by a keel. This species has been brought to England by Allan Cunningham.
Trochus (zizyphinus) Selectus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., xi., fiq. 1896, 18J7 , Phillipi, in the new edition of Chemnitz, Trochus, pi. 38, fig. 12; Zizyphinus s., Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 1; Tr. pellucidus, Valenciennes, Voy. de la Venus, Moll., pl. 4, fig. 2.
Trochus (zizyphinus) pupillus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., n. h., iii. 1848-49, p. 91 ; Exp. Shells, p. 36; Un, St., E. E., xii., p. 186, atlas, fig. 208.
New Zealand. Others cite it from north-west America.
Trochus (zizyphinus) spectabilis, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854. p., Reeve, Conch. Ic., Zizyphinus, fig. 5.
Trochus (zizyphinus) pallidus, Hombr. and Jacq., Vov. Pole Sud Moll, p. 55, pl. 14, fig. 12, 13.
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Trochus (zizyphinus) scitulus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, Zizyphinus, p.M 38; Reeve, Conch. Ic., Zizyiph., Fig. 44.
Collected by Strange in New Zealand, according to Reeve. I have received this shell repeatedly from New Holland; and it is also mentioned by Dr. Cox from New South Wales.
Two other species of this section, Tr. Martyn, virgmeus, Chemnitz; and Tr. canaliculatus, Martyn, = doliarius, Chemnitz, both believed by these, authors, and even some later ones, to come from New Zealand, are now ascertained to live on the shores of north-western America.
Trochus (polydonta) Viridis, Gmelin., Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., fig. 1643, 1644; Philip-pi, in the new edition of Chemnitz, Trochus, p. 47, pl. 16, fig. 7, 9; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xiii., Trochus, fig. 79 ; Tr. fulvolabris, Hotnbr. and Jacq., Voy. Pole. Sud., Moll., p. 56, pl. 14, fig. 14, 16.
Trochus (polydonta) Tiabatus, Quoy. and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Moll., iii., p. 256, pl 64., fig. 6, 11,1832, = Gray, Fig. Moll, 40*, 3; Philippi, in the new edition of Chemnitz, pl. A., fig. 4; Kiener, Spec. Coq., pl. 22, fig. 2. Polydonta elegans, Gray, in Yate's account, 1835, p. 309, with description.
Anse de I'Astrolabe, in Tasroan Bay—Quoy and Gaim.; Eastern Coast —Yate; Cook Strait—Dieffenbach.
Tkochus (polydouta) acinosus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., Nat. Hist., iii., 1848-49, p. 57; Exp. Shells, p. 57 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 179, atlas, fig. 217.
Trochus (polydonta) Tuberculatus, Gray, in Diesfenbach's Travels, p. 239
Trochus (labio) corrosus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 180. Collected by Hart.
Tochus (labio) concolok, A. Adams, ibid.; also by Hart.
Already Favanne, third edition of Argenville's Conchyliologie, ii., p. 50, 51, mentions two species from New Zealand, both allied to Trochus labio, L.' A. Adams mentions further Labio scorpio, Gray, from New Zealand, without description, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 179.
Trochus (diloma) Athopd Gmel., Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., fig. 1820, 1821, (Ehiopissa, the negress with white teeth); Born, Mus. Cats. Vindobon, p. 340, fig. b.; Cæs vindobon, p. 340, fig. b; philippi, new edition of Chemnitz, Trochus, pl. 24, fig. 10-11; Tr zelandicus, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool, iii., p. 257, pl. 64, fig. 12, 15, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 40'", 9; Tr. attritus, Hombr. and Jacq, Voy. Pole Sud, Moll., p. 57, pi. 14, fig. 19, 20, Trochocochlea neritoidea, H. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., i., p. 426.
Tasman Bay—Quoy and Gaim.; Auckland —v. Frauenfeld.
Trochus (diloma) reticularis, Gray, in Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl., 1828; and in Tate's account, 1835, p. 308; A. Adams, Proc. Zool. 1851, p. 178; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v.,fig. 1849.
33
Cook Strait— Dieffenbach. Scarcely different from the preceding. Trochus (diloma) lugubris, Gmelin, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., fig. 1571.
Not again recognized.
Trochus (diloma) Gaimabdi, Philippi, new ed. of Chemnitz, Trochus, P 211, pl. 31, fig 7, 9 (COPY from, Quoy and Gaim.); Tr. cinqulatus, Quoy and grain, vol Astro 259 Pl 16 Gray, Fig. and Moll 40 , 10 (non Tr. cigulatus, Brocchi, which is a species from the Mediterranean, allied to Tr. zizyphinus,
French Pass, under stones—Quoy and Gaim.
Trochus (diloma) subrostratus, Gray, in the account of Yate, and in the travels of Dieffenbach, p. 238.
Eastern Coast. A.Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 178 and 179 mentions further Diloma nigerrimum, Gmel., melanoloma, Menke and Labia zebrmus = Tica imperforata Novce Zeelandice, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab v fig. 1850, called by Anton, Verzeichniss, 1839. p. 58, Tr. Novce Zeelandice (which is Monodonta zelva, Menke, 1829), and even L tessel latus, Chemnitz as coming from New Zealand; but Tr. nigerrimus, Gmel., appears to be identical with the South American Tr. araucanus,
The two following have been described by their authors as coming from New Holland, so that we are not certain whether they may be taken as real inhabitants of New Zealand. The last is a well know shell of the Mediterranean.
Trochus (Canthraridus) iris, gmel, Watch in the German Periodical Natruforsher, iv., 1774, p. 42 pl. 1 fig 5, 6, from specimens collected by Banks and Solander; v Zorn in the same Journal viìi 1775, pl. 2, fig. c.1, 2, "beauty from New Zealand" Chemnitz, Conch. Cab v. fig. 1522, 1522, 1523 (Tr. iridis); Favanne, third ed. of Arqenville's Conchyliologie, i., p 132, pl. 79, fig. G, Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2 ix p. Wiener pl. 51, fig. 4 ; Philippi, new ed. of Chemnitz, pi. 46, fig. 9 H. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., i., p. 423, pl. 48, fig. 4 : (Trochus Opalus, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pil 24, ed. Chenu, pl. 7 fig 2; Tr acummatus, Perry, Concholoqy, pl. 47, chennai 1
All these authors agree m stating New Zealand to be its home Cook Straits—Dieffenbach ; Auckland—v. Frauenfeld
Trochus (CASTHARIDUS) purpuratus, Martyn (Limax), Univ. Conch. pl. 68, fig. 2, ed. chenu, pl, 24, fig. 3a.; Deshayes, in Landmarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 158; kiener Spec. Cog., pl. 46, fig 1; Deshayes, 2nd ed of Lamarck, ix., p. 158 ; Zorn, Loc. Cit., fig. D. 1, 2 "lesser beauty"; Chemnitz, Conch Cab., v., fig. 1524, 1525; Trochus rostratus Trs. elegans, Gmelm, 13th ed. of Linne's Syst. Nat., p. 3580, 3581 and Phasianella rubella, Menke, Synops. Moll.. 1830.
Bay of Islands—Dieffenbach.
Trochus (Cantuaridus) TEXTUBATUS, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., Nat Hist., iii., 1848-49, p. 90; Exp. Shells, p. 55; Un St. E. E., xii p. 181, atlas fig. 206
E
34
Trochus (cantharidus) zealandicus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 169.
Trochus (cantharidus) jucundus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., in., 1848, 49, p. 91; Exp. Shells, p. 55; Un. St. E. E.,p. 177, atlas, fig. 209.
Rotella zelandioa, Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. Pole. Sud., Moll., p. 53, pl. 14, fig. 5, 6.
This is perhaps also the R. vestiaria, L. = lineolata, Lam, mentioned in Dieffenbach's work as occurring at Kawhia, on the western coast of the Northern Island.
Haliotis iris, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl. 61, ed. Chenu, pl. 21 ; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x 1612, 1613 ; Favanne, third edition of Argenr Ville's Conchyliologie, i, p. 586, pi 79, fig.D; ZowiarcA, S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 23 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., HI, fig- 37.
Cook Straits—Dieffenbach; Eastern Coast, common—Sinclair; Auckland—v. Frauenfeld.
It is called "pawa" by the natives, and " mutton-fish by ,the British settlers, yielding good eating, when boiled. Pieces of the she are employed as hooks for fishing. Reeve pretends that this species is also found on the shores of New Holland, but as it is wanted m the special catalogues of Cox, Menke, etc., this assertion appears somewhat doubtful.
? Haliotis rugosoplicata, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., p. 311, fig. 1604, 1604a; Reeve, Conch. Ic., Hi., fig- 7 ; H. plicata, Karsten, Museum LesJceanum, 1789 ; H. Australia, Gmelin, 13th ed. of Linnes Syst. Mat., p. 3689; Lamarck, An. S. Vert, ed. 2, ix., p. 25.
According to Lamarck and Reeve, this species comes from New Holland, but Chemnitz names New Zealand as its home; and 1 have seen a specimen sent directly from the latter, which agrees very well with the type of the species, except m having somewhat finer wrinkles.
Haliotis albicans, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Moll, iii., p. 311, pl. 68, fig. 1, 2; Deshayes, 2nd. ed. of Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ix., p. Philippi, Icones,4, 4, 1 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 30.
Haliotis cruenta, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846 Conch. Ic.,fig. 56. Haliotis noVa zeelandiǽ, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846; Conch.
Ic fig 64: -
Haliotis Stomatiæforms Reeve,;
fig. 72.
Older authors cite also H. nævosa, Martyn, and H. virginea, Chemnitz, as New Zealand shells ; the first is common on the shores of New Holland, and these two localities are too often confounded by former Conch ologists , H. virginea is referred by Reeve to a species of Western Africa ; H. Cunninghami, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. .5, is said by Reeve to come from Australia and New Zealand.
Emarginula Striatula, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool, iii., p 333 pl. 68 fig. 21, 22, from New Zealand; Sowerby, Theasur. Conch., iii, pl.246, fig 59, from Australia
35
Emarginula (tugalia) elegans, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travel, p. 240 ; Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 163.
Great Barrier Island—Dr. Sinclair.
Emarginula (Tugalia) Parmopiioroides, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 325, fig. 5, fig. 15, 16; Reeve, Conch. Icon., xvii
Australia and New Zealand—Reeve. Quoy and Gaim. name only New Holland.
? Parmophorus unguis, L. (Patella), Patella ambigua, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., xi., fig. 1918; Scutus antipodes, Montfort, Conch. Syst., 1810 ; P. Australis, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vii., p. 579 ; Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 321, pi. 69, fig. 1, 4, = Gray, Fig. Moll., pi. 11l ; Sowerbyi, Thesaur. Conch., iii., pi. 249, fig. 19; Reeve, 8i][r\ŵqConch. yod ,icIc., xvii., Scutus, fig. 5.
Australia and New Zealand, according to Lamarck, Sowerby, and Reeve.
CYCLOBRANCHIA.
(Docoglossa).
Tectura pragilis, Chemnitz (Patella), Conch. Cab., xi., fig. 1921 ; Favanne, third edition of Argenville's Concliyliologie, i., p. 495, " I'Emeraude"; Sowerby, Genera of Shells, fig. 6; Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Moll., iii., p. 351, pi. 71, fig. 28, 30,= Gray, Fig. Moll., 114,* fig. 7 ; Deshayes, Lamarck, ed. 2, vii., p. 552.
Tasman Bay and Bay of Islands, under moist stones.
Tectura cantharus, Reeve (Patella), Conchol. Icon., viii., fig. 131, 1855.
Collected by Earl.
Tectura pileopsis, Quoy and Gaimard (Patelloida), Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 359, pl. 71, fig. 25, 27; Deshayes, Lamarck, ed. 2, vii., p. 552.
Tasman Bay and Bay of Islands, in small cavities.
Patella tramoserica, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pi. 16, ied. Chenu, pl. 5, fig. 3 ; Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., xi., fig. 1912, 1913; Reeve, Conch. Ic., viii., fig. 27 ; Gould, Un. St.Sue. E., xii., p. 343.
Gould corroborates Martyn's statement, that it is found also in New Zealand; the other authors had it from New Holland.
Patella radians, Gmelin, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1618, (P- radiata Novce Zeelandice) ; Gmelin, 13th, ed. of Linne's Syst. Nat., p. 3720; Sowerby, Genera of Shells, pi. 258, fig. 3 (Lottia radians); Reeve, Conch. Ic. fig. 25 ; P. argentea, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 345, pi. 70, fig.. 16, 17.
Vertex approaching to the anterior extremity ; several narrow brown rays radiating from the vertex.
Patella decora, Philippi, Icones, , pi. 3, fig. 13; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fg. 33.
36
Very smilar to the preceding, vertex still more advanced ; the whole shell more flat and more deeply coloured. Perhaps only a variety of the former; both collected also by Earl.
Patella imbricata, Reeve, Conch. Ic., viii.,fig. 93. Dark blue-black, interior with orange in the centre.
Patella Earli, Reeve, Conch. Ic., viii., Jig. 71.
Earl—Wave-variegated with olive black.
Patella stellifera, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., fig. 1617 (P. stellata sive stellifera) ; Gmelin, 13th ed. of Linne, p. 3719 ; Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vii., p. 535 ; P. stellularia, Quoy and Gaim., Toy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 347, pi. 79, fig. 18, 21; Deshaye's 2nd ed. of Lamarck, An. S. Vert., vii., p. 546 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 96.
Patella inconspicua, Gray, in DiejfenbacKs Travels, p. 244.
Patella denticulata, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pi. 65 ; ed. Chenu, pi. 23, fig. 2; P. margaritaria, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., xi., Jig. 1914, 1915 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 74.
The black and white beaded limpet of earlier Conchologists. P. ornata, Dillwyn, Catal. Shells, p. 1029 ; Deshayesin Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vii., p. 542. Also collected by Earl.
Patella luctuosa, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., ii., 1846, p. 150; Exp. Shells, p. 8 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 338, fig. 446. Lesson, Voyage de la Coquille, Zool., i., p. 119 and 421, describes the following species from New Zealand : — P. argyrosis, Bay of Islands ; P. pholidota, allied to testudinaria ; P. unguis almce, and P. Stella. As he did not figure them, we remain uncertain whether they may be identical with any of the abovementioned. The two South African P. granulosis, L. and P. cochlear, Born, have been ascribed erroneously to New Zealand by some earlier Conchologist, the first by Martyn, the second by Favanne.
Chiton (lophyrus) pellis-serpentis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 381, pi. 74, fig. 17, 22,= Gray, Fig. Moll., 189, 6 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., i v., fig. 84.
Tasman Bay, common—Quoy and Gaim. Bay of Islands and Great Barrier Island—Dr. Sinclair.
Chiton (lophyrtjs) Sinclairi, Gray, in DieffenbacKs Travels, ii., p. 263.
Great Barrier Island—Dr. Sinclair. Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 143, gives Van Diemen's Land as its locality.
Chiton (lophyrus) Stangeri, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 150. Dr. Stanger.
Chiton (lophyrus) circumvallatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 177.
Chiton (lepidopleurus,) Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 394, pi. 75, fig. 37, 42. Tasman Bay.
37
Chiton (lepidopleurCs) Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 95. Earl. Also in Watson's Bay, New South Wales, according to Cox.
Chiton (lepidopleurus) longicymba, Blainville, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol, Zool., iii., p. 390, pi 75, fig. 16 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 163. Bay of Islands, called "kara" by the natives—Quoy and Gaim.; Croat Barrier Island—Sinclair. It occurrs also on the shores of New Holland Beron and Cox. Some Conchologists will identify it even with the South African Ch. textilis Gray.
Chiton (leptochiton) glatjcus, Gray, Spicilegia Zool, 1830, Ch. viridis, Quoy and Gairn., Voy. Astrol., Zool, iii., p. 383, pi. 71, fig. 23, 28, (non Ch. viridis, Spengler, ChemnitzJ ; Ch. Quoyi, Deshayes, 2nd ed. of Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ix., p. 509 ; Re&ve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 68.
Auckland—v. Frauenfeld. Also found at Port Jackson—Cox.
Ciiiton (leptochiton) cereus, Beeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 36. Earl.
Chiton (leptochiton) contkactus, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 78.
Chiton (onythochiton*) todulatus, Quoy and Gaim., Toy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 393, pi. 75, fig. 19, 24 ; Gray, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 184 • Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 87; H. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., i„ p. 476, pi. Si, fig. 3.
Bay of Islands—Quoy and Gaim. ; Great Barrier Island—Sinclair. Gray, Loc. Cit., gives Van Diemen's Land as its locality.
nobilis, Gray, in Biefenbach's Travels, ii., p. 245 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 139 (without localityJ ; Mangeria nobilis, Gray, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 184.
This is probably also the Ch. aculeatus (Linne) mentioned by Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool. iii., p. 375, as inhabiting New Zealand.
Chiton ciliatis, Sowerby, Conchol. Illustra., fiq. 79 : Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 124? Earl.
Chiton (chjstopleuea) Eeeve, Conch. le.,fig. 100.
Chiton (plaxiphora) biramosus, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool iii., p. 378,p1. 7i, fig. 12, 16. T\ y-1 . T • -i . . ,
Dr. Gray thinks it to be identical "with Ch. Carmichaelis, Gray, from Tierra del Fuego, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 186.
Chiton violaceus, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 403, pi. 73, fig. 15, 20, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 189, 3; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 41 ; Gould, Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 331, atlas, fig. 420.
Tasman Bay, called " etouani " by the natives—Quoy and Gaim.
Chiton (acanthochjetes) porphyreticus, Eeeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 56; Acanth. violaceus, Gray, in Dieffenbach!s Travels, p. 262. Bay of Islands and Great Barrier Island—Sinclair.
*Perhaps Onychoehiton? Onytho is no Greek word, but Dr. J. E. Gray likes names without etymological sense.
38
Chiton (acanthochmtes) zelandicus, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 400, pi. 73, fig. 5, &,=Gray, Fig. Moll., 188, 3; Gh. Ilookeri, Gray, in DieffenbacKs Travels, ii., p. 262 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 58 ; Gould, Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 333, atlas, fig. 310.
" Tasman Bay—Quoy and Gaim.j Bay of Islands and Great Barrier Island —Sinclair.
Chiton (cryptoconchus) poeosus, Burrow, 1811 ; Gray, Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. -188 ; 11. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll, i., p. 482, pi. 55, fig. 4 ; Ch. monticularis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 406, pi. 73, fig. 30, 36, = Gray, Fig. Moll, 188, 4, and 189, 1 ; Reeve, Conch. le.Jig.
Tasman Bay and Bay of Islands, called " karimoan " by the natives— Quoy and Gaim.
TBCTIBBAN CHIA.
Bulla Quoyi, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 243 ; B. striata ( Brug.), Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 354, pi. 8, 9, — Gray, Fig. Moll., 60, 2. T"» __ „ C T~l tlnlm
Bay of Islands —Quoy and b-aim.
Smooth, ovate, reddish grey with white spots ; allied to, but distinct from B. striata, Brug., from the Mediterranean. Sower by, Thesaur, ii., pi. 123, fig. 71, and Reeve, Conch. Ic., xvi., fig. 19, give under this name a Bulla from the Galapagos Islands. B. australis, Quoy and Gaim., a common shell of New Holland, also nearly allied to B. Quoyi, is mentioned by Dr. Gray in Yate's account as coming also from New Zealand.
Bulla zelandica, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 243.
It is wanted in Sowerby's and Reeve's monographs.
Haminea obesa, Sow., in Reeve, Conch. Ic., xvi., fig. 13.
Akera tumida, A. Adams, Sowerby, Thesaur., ii., pi. ,fig. 169 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xvi.,fig. 2.
NUDIBRANCHIA.
Atagema caeinata, Quoy and Gaim., (Doris), Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 254, pi. 16, fig. 14, 16, = Gray, Fig. Moll., An., pi. 64, fig. 11, iv., p. 104 ; Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 209,=H. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., ii., p. 50, p. 64, fig. 1.
Hauraki Gulf.
(piiidiana) longicauda, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 288, pi. I\,fig. 9, 10,= Gray, Fig. Moll, 194, 11.
Cook Straits.
HETEROPODA.
Carinabia australis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 394, pi. 29, Jig. 9, 16, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 63, 2.
Found in the open sea between New Holland and New Zealand.
39
lanthina exigua, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, ix., p. 5, nro. 3. ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xi., Jig. 21 ; M'&rch, in the' French Journal de Concliyliologie, viii., 1860, p. 282.
Found on the shore at Taranaki, North Island—Dieffenbach; Auckland—v. Frauenfeld. Is essentially a pelagic animal.
PULMONATA MARINA.
Onchidium (peronia) patelloides, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 212, pi. 15, Jig. 21, 23, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 181, 1, — Desh., Lam., ed. 2, vii., p. 710.
Tasman Bay, under stones.
Onchidium (peronia) nigricans, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 214, pi. 15, Jig. 24, 26, —Gray, Fig. Moll., 181, 2,—Desh., Lam., ed. 2, 710.
Tasman Bay, on granite rocks.
Onchidium (peronia) irrorata, Gould, Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 291, atlas, Jig. 383.
Bay of Islands, in tide pools at low water.
Melampus commodus, H. et A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 12; Pfeiffer, Novitat Conchol., i., pi. 6, Jiff. 20, 22; Monogr. Av/riculaceorum, p. 16,=Gray, Catal. Auriculidce, Brit. Mus., p. 10.
Outer lip of the aperture internally with three plaits ; no parietal plait; eleven millimetres long.
1 Melampus (ophicardelus) australis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 169, pi. Jig. 34, 38,—Gray, Fig. Moll. An., 306, 8, 9,— H. et A. Adams, Genera Moll., ii., p. 245, pi. 82, Jig. 9, 9a,—Krister, new edit, of Chemnitz, Auricula, pi. 7, Jig. 9, 10 ; Pfr., Mon. Auricul., p. 52,=Gray, Catal. Auriculidai, Brit. Mus., p. 38.
This species, well known from Australia, has been sent from New Zealand by Dr. v. Miiller to the Museum of Stuttgart. It is nearly smooth, with one parietal plait; no plaits inside of the outer lip.
Melampus (ophicardelus) costellaris, H. and Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 12; Pfeiffer, Novitat Oonchol., i., pi. 6, Jig. 15, 16; Mon. Auricul., p. Gray Catal. Auriculidce, Brit. Mus., p. 39.
Collected by Mr. Strange. Longitudinally ribbed ; plaits as in the preceding.
Melampus (ophicardelus) sulcatus, H. and A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 34; Pfeiffer, Mon. Auricul, p. b\.,=Gray, Catal. Auriculidce, Brit. Mtis., p. 40.
With granulate spiral ridges ; plaits as in the two preceding. Also, in Port Jackson, according to Dr. Cox, Exchange List, p. 21.
Siphonaria australis, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 329, pi. 25, Jig. 32, 34,= Gray, Fig. Moll., 76, s,=Deshayes, in Lamarck, ed. 2, vii., p. 562.
Cook Straits, on floating weed.
Siphonaria zelandica, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 344, pi. 25, Jig. 17, 18,—Beshayes, in Lam., ed. 2, vii., p. 558.
40
1 Siphon aria obliquata, Sowerby, Gatal. Coll, Earl of Tankerville, 1825, appendix, p. vii. ; Reeve, Ccnch. Ic., ix., fig. 56 ; S. scutellum, Deshayes, Gueriris Magasin de Zoologie, 1841, pi. 35.
The latter from Chatham Islands, east of New Zealand. Sowerby names Van Diemen's Land as its locality.
Siphonabia inculta, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., ii., p. 153 ; Exp. Shells, p. 11 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 358, atlas, Jig. 465.
Siphonaria spiwosa, Reeve, Conch., Icon., is.., Jig. 32, 1856.
Siphonakia cancer, Reeve, Conch. Icon., hi., fig. 7.
As the species of this genus are rather variable, some of the abovementioned may prove to belong to the same species on further researches
Amphibola avellana, Chemnitz, Spengler, in the German Journal,; Beschaftigungen d. naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin, i., 1775, p. 395, pi. 9, Jig. 4, 5 ; Nerita nux-avellana, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., v., 1781, j?. , fig. 1919, 1920 ; Limax crenata, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pi. 69, ed. Chenu, pi. 24, fig. 4 ; Helix avellana, Gmelin, 13th ed. of Linne, p. 3640; Ampullaria avellana, Lamarch, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, viii. p. 531 ; Ampullacera av., Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., ii., p. 196, pi. 15, fig. 1, 9,=Gray, Fig. Moll., pi. 310, fig. 12 ; Amphibola nux-avellana, 11. et A. Adams, Genera Moll., ii., jo. 269, 84, fig. 9, 96, 9c, 9d.
Tasman Bay and Bay of Islands, mangrove-groves, buried in muddy sand, beneath some inches of brackish water, it is eaten by the natives, —Quoy and Gaim. ; Auckland—v. Frauenfeld. This is one of the most characteristic shells of New Zealand.
Amphibola Quoyana, Potiez et Michand, Galerie des Mollusques, 1838, p. 288, pi. 28, fig. 17, 18.
Allied to A. fragilis, Quoy and Gaim.
Assiminea 1 Purchasi, Pfeiffer (Hydrocena), Mai. Blatt., 1862, p. 150.
Bay of Islands.
BIVALVIA, Linne.
(Acephala lamellibranchia, Cuvier, or Conchifera, Lamarck.)
Inclusa, Cuvier, Pholadacea, H. and A. Adams; Sinupalliata e parte, Orbigny, Woodward; Gladopoda, Gray, 1847.
Teredo.
Species not yet determined; found by Stanger, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 255.
Piiolas (barnea) similis, Gray, in Yate's Account, 1135, p. 109; DieffenbacKs Travels, ii., p. 254 ; Sowerby, Thesaur. Conch., ii., pi. 103, fig. 12, 14; Ph. antipodum, Philippi, Zeitschrift f. Malakozoologie, 1847, 71; Philippi, I cones, i., pi. \,jig. 3.
Eastern Coast.
Piiolas tridens, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 254.
41
In limestones'—Bidwill. Sowerby, Thesaur. Conch., ii., pi. 106, fig. 60, 61, cites this species as coming from the West Coast of Central America.
Aspergillum NOViE ZEALANDije, Lam., Favanne, 3rd edition of Argenvi'le's Oonchyliologie, ip. 642, pi. 79, fig. E. ; Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2. vi., p. 21 ; Reeve, Conch. 10., xii-,/ig. 17.
Saxioava arctica, L.
A cosmopolitan species, found also in New Zealand, according to Gray in Dieffenbach's Travels.
Corbula zelandica, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 511, p. 85, fig. 12, 14.
Hauraki Bay. This species is wanted in Reeve's monograph. Dr. Cox mentions it also from Port Jackson.
Corbula catloWjE, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844 ; Conch. Ic., ii., fig. 21.
Port Nicholson.
11 Corbula erythrodon, Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., p. 138 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., ii.,fig. 4.
This species has been indicated as coming from China and Japan by Lamarck; recently it has been found repeatedly among shells from Japan by Reeve, A. Adams, Lischke, and myself. Specimens have been sent by Dr. v. Mifeller to the Museum of Stuttgart, with the statement that they come from New Zealand, together with the following species :— Corbula adusta, Hinds, I'roc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 26 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,jig. 30.
Jay mentions western Africa as its locality, probably by error.
Panopjja zelandica, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool. iii., p. 547, pi. 83, fig. 7, 9 ; Valenciennes, in Archives du Museum d' Hist. Nat. de .Paris, i., pi. 3, fig. 2 ; Glycymeris zelandica, 11. et A. Adams, Genera Moll., ii,, p. 350.
PanoPjEA solandri, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, iip. 255.
Tauranga.
Thracia NOViE zeelandij?, Reeve, Conch. Ic., xii,,fig. 19, 1859.
Myodora striata, Qnoy and Gaim. (Pandora), Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 537, pi. 83, fig. 10 ; Deshayes, 2nd ed. of Lamarck, An. S. Vert., vi., p. 47 ; Reeve, Ooncli. Ic., ii., Myodora, Hg. 6.
Port Nicholson—Swainson.
CARDIACEA, Cuvier.
(Yeneracea, H. and A. Adams; Sinupalliata e parte, Orbigny, Woodward; Phyllopoda, Gray, 1847.)
Soletellina nitida, Gray, in Dieffenbach''s Travels, ii., p. 253 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., 6. \Hiatula, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 66.]
Resembles the Australian Jlavicans, Lam.
F
42
Soletellina siliqua, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fi.g. 10, 1857.
Collected by Hartt. \Hiatula, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 66.]
Soletellina incerta, Deshayes, apud Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 13. [Iliatula, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 66.]
Collected by Strange.
Psammobia lineolata, Gray, in Yate's Account, p. 309, and Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 253 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., 10, jig. 58.
East Coast.
Psammobia Stangeri, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 253 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,jig. 12.
Collected by Strange.
Psammobia affinis, Reeve, Conch. lc.,fig. 22, 1858.
New Zealand and the Philippines.
Psammobia zelandica, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 319.
Tellina (perenjsa) alba, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astro!., Zool., iii., p. 510, pi. fig. 1, 3 ; Hanley, in Sowerby, Thesaur. Corich., i., fig. 193 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., 180. \T. atbinella, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 66.] Tasman Bay, common—Quoy and Gaim. Sowerby gives Australia as its locality ; Reeve says Australia and New Zealand. Somewhat similar to the European T. planata, L.
Tellina glabrella, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 366 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 296.
Tellina (tellinella) lactea, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 501, pi. 81 ,fig. 14, 16 ; Gray, in DieffenbacKs Travels, ii., p. 254. [T. deltoidalis, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 67.] From Waingaroa, Northern Island.
Deshayes, Sowerby, and Reeve unanimously identify this species with T. deltoidalis, Lam., from New Holland ; Desh., ed. Lam., vi., p. 206 ; Sow., Thes., fig. 229 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 29 ; Rorner, in the new edition of Chemnitz, Tellina, pi. 15, fig. 4, 7, which is mentioned as found near Auckland by v. Frauenfeld.
Tellina (macoma) subovata, Sow., mi Reeve, Conch. Ic., xvii-,fig. 160. ] Tellina sublenticularis, Sow., in Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 255.
Australia or New Zealand.
?Telliha (arcopagia) disculus, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 360. Reeve, Conch. Ic., xvii., fig. 306, says that it comes from the Philippines.
Tellina (arcopagia) Strangei, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 362,
Mesodesma novjs zeelandijß, Chemnitz (My a), Conch. Cab., vi., fig. 19, 20; Mya australis, Gmelin, 13th ed. of Linne's Syst. Nat., p. 3221 ; Paphies Roissyana, Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, Zool., i., p. 424, pi. 15, Jig. 4; M. Chemnitzii, Deshayes, Encyclopedic Meth., ii., p. 44'3 ; Lam,arck, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., p. 134 ; Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 504, pi. 82, fig. 9, 11 ; M. Nova} Zeelandice, Reeve, Conch. Ic., V\i\.,fig. 21.
43
Tasman Bay, very common on a sandy bank—Quoy and Gaim. ; Bay of Islands, in brackish water, copious, called "pepae" by the natives and eaten by them—Sinclair; everywhere in New Zealand—Dieffenbach ; Auckland —v. Frauenfeld.
Mesodesma ventbtcosum, Gray, in Dieffenbach'B Travels, ii., p. 252. It is wanting in Reeve's Monograph.
Mesodesma ovale, Desh., in Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 336; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fi(j. 7, 1854.
Collected by Hartt.
Mesodesma (anapa) cuneatum, Lamarck, as Crassatella, An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., p. 112; Erycina plebeja, Sowerby, Genera of Shells; Erycina sub-triangulata, Gray, in Annals of Philosophy, and in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii. ; M. cuneatvm, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 9.
Lamarck's specimens are from South Australia,
Mesodesma (tabia) spissum, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 18. Collected by Hartt.
Mesodesma, (tabia) latum, Deshayes, in Guerin's Magasin d.e Zoologie, 80; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,Jig. 4.
Lutbaria (zenatia) acinacbs, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 545, pi. 83, Jig. 56 ; Z. Cumingiana, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 72; Reeve, Conch. 10., viiil3.
Also in Botany Bay—Cox.
Lutbaria (zenatia) Deshatesii, Reeve, Conch. Ic., Jig. 1 ; Z. solenoides, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 72 (not Lutr. solenoides, Lam.)
Allied to the preceding. The shell figured by Reeve, loc. cit., fig. 14, and Adams, Gen. Moll., pi. 102, fig. 1, with the name acinaces, is not the species of Quoy and Gaimard, but either a third one or perhaps an old large specimen of Deshayesii.
Ltjtbabia (vanganella) i.anceolata, Gray, Brit. Mus., as Resania; Reeve, Conch. Ic., viii., fig. 17, 1855; Y. Taylorii, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xi., 1853, p. 476 ; Adams, Gen. Moll., ii., p. 385, pi. 102, Jig■ 2.
The first name is preferable, being more descriptive.
Mactra discors, Gray, in Mag. Aat. Hist., i., 1837, p. 371 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., viii ~Jig. 17.
Western Coast of the Northern Island—Dieffenbach.
Mactba Mubchisoni, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic-, fig- 76.
Collected by Greenwood. Approaching to the preceding.
Mactba scalpellum, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 106.
Collected by Strange.
Mactba ovata, Gray, (Spisula), in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 251 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 30. [Hemimactra, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 63.]
44
West Coast of Northern Island. Frauenfeld states that he has found it on the Nicobar Islands, Verh. Zool.-bot., Gesellsch., 1869, p. 880, and 898.
Mactra J3QUILATERA, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. ; Reeve, Conch. I a., fig, 14.
Collected by Earl. Angled anteriorly and posteriorly.
Mactba deluta, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1849, p. 215 ; Exp. Shells, p. 75 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 391, atlas, fig. 503.
Mactra (standella) elongata, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., iii., p. 518, pi. 83, fig. 1, 2; (1 Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 43). [Mesodesma, Cat. Ma/rine Moll., p. 68.]
Artemis subrosea, Gray, in Yate's Account, p. 309, and Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 249 ; Sowerby, Thes. Conch., ii., fig. 61 ; Reeve, Conch, lc., fig. 19 ; Romer, Monographie von Artemis, pi. fig. 3. \_Dosinia, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 72.]
Artemis anus, Philippi, Icones, Cytherea, pi. 8, Jig. 1 ; Sowerby, Thes., fig. 69 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 10; Rdmer, Monogr., pi. 8, fig. 4.
Artemis Carpenteri, Romer, Monogr., pi. 10, fig. 2. Sent by Dr. v. Mueller to the Museum in Stuttgart.
Artemis lambata, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 277 ; Exp. Shells, p. 84; Un. St. E. E., xii.,p. 422, atlas, fig. 536.
Quoy and Gaimard describe a species of this genus under the name Venus australis, Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 528, pi. 84, fig. 11, 12, and say that it comes probably from New Zealand or New Holland. As the later conchologists, Sowerby, Reeve, and Romer have recognized its identity with A. variegata, Gray = histrio, Gmel., which lives really on the shores of Australia, we may conclude that Qnoy's specimens also were from New Holland, not from New Zealand.
1 Cytherea (calliste) planatella, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., p. 305 ; Philippi, Icones, i., pi. 3, fig. 6 ; C. multistriata, disrupta. and innocens, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., ii., fig. 177, 208, 210 ; Soiverby, Reeve, Conch., Ic., xiv., Dione, fig. 60 ; Deshayes, Cat. Brit. Mus., Veneridce, p. 64; Romer, Monograph Ven., i., p. 65 and 72, pi. 19, fig. 2, and pi. L . T
This South Australian species is cited by Reeve also from New Zealand.
Venus (venteioula) oblonga, Hanley, in Wood's Ind. Test., Suppl., 1828 ; Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 249 ; Sow., Thes., iifig. 197, 198; Deshayes, Gat. Brit. Mus., Veneridce, p. 103; Reeve, Conch. Jo., xiv., Venus, Jig. I ; Homer, Mai. Blatt.", xiv., 1867, p. 118 (Chione) ; V. Zelandica, Gray, in Tate's Account, p. 309, 1835, and Annalist, 1838 (not V. Zelandica, Quoy and Gaim.)
Concentrically ridged.
Venus (chione) lima, Sow., Thesaur, ii. (Tapes), fig. 144 ; Deshayes, Gat. Brit. Mus., Venerid.ce, p. 137 ; Reeve, Conch. 10., xiv., Venus, fig. 2 ; Homer, Mai. Blat., xiv., 1867, p. 100.
45
Venus (chione) costata, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol, Zool., iii., P- 521, pi. 84, fig. 1, 2 ■ Deshayes, 2nd ed. of Lamarck, An. S. Vert., vi., p. 373 ; Cat. Brit. Mus., Vemridm, p. 137; Romer, Mai. Blat., xiv., 1367, p. 107, and Monogr., Venus ;V. crassicosta, Hanley, Recent Shells, 1844, p. 118, pi. 16, fig. 39 ; Sowerby, Thes., ii. (Tapes), fig. 93 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xiv., Venus, jig. 42.
Otago.
Yenus (chione) Stutclibubyi, Gray, in Wood's Index, Suppl., 1828, and in Yate's Account, p. 308 ; Sowerby, Thes., ii., Jig 50, 51; Deshayes, Gat. Brit. Mus., Veneridce, p. 137 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xiv., Jig. 59 • Homer, Mai. Blat., xiv., 1867, p. 108; V. Zelandica, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol, Zool., iii., p. 522 pi. 84, jig. 5, 6 ; Deshayes, 2nd ed. of Lamarck, An. S. Vert., vi., p. 373.
Auckland—v. Frauenfeld. Aso on the shores of South-west Australia —Quoy and G-aim. Reeve gives even the Sandwich Islands as a locality for it.
Venus (anaitis) Yatei, Gray, in Yate's Account, p. 309, and Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 250 ; Sowerby, Thes., ii., fig. 68 ; Deshayes, Gat. Brit. Mus., Veneridce, p. 120 ; Reexe, Gonch. Ic., Venus, fig. 84; Romer, Mai. Blatt., xii., 2866, p. 155.
Allied to V. plicata, Gmel.,; Eastern Coast.." This is perhaps the Circomphalus lamellatus, cited by Frauenfeld from Auckland.
Yenus (anaitis) Lucasii, Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. Pole. Sud., Moll., p. 115, pi. 26, fig. 1.
Appears allied to the preceding, perhaps only founded on a worn specimen of the same.
Vends (?) Dieffenbachii, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 250.
Wanting in the Monographs of Sowerby and Reeve.
... Vei ™s (ortygia) mesodesma, Q«°y and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., 1834, p. 532, pi. 84, fig. 17, 18; V. crassa, denticulata, and violacea, Quoy and Gaim., ibid, iii., p. 525, 532, 533, pi. 84, fig. 9, 10, 15, 16, 19, 20; (? V. spurca, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835 ; Thes., ii., fig. 92, 98 ; Reeve, Gonch. Ic., fig. 90) ; V. spissa, Deshayes, in Lamarck, An. S. Vert., second ed., vi., p. 373 ; Chione mesodesma, Deshayes, Gat. Brit. Mus., Veneridce, p. 150; Romer, Mai. Blatt., iv., 1867, p. 133; V. scansilis, Romer, Mai. Blatt., vii., 1861, p. 114; Dunker, Novitat. Gonch., pi. 16, fig. 79.
Yenus (katelysia) calcarea, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 277 ; Exp. Shells, p. 85; Un. St. E. E., xii.,|). 423. Allied to V. exalbidd, Chemn,, from Magellan Straits.
Tapes intermedins, Quoy and Gaim., (Venus), Voy. Astrol., Zool, iii., p. 526, pi. 84, tig. 9, 10 ; Deshayes, 2nd ed. of Lamarck, An. S. Vert., vi-,. P- 372 ; Sowerby, Thes., ii., fig. 39, 40 ; Desk, Cat. Brit. Mus., Veneridce, p. 179; Reeve, Gonch. Ic., xiv., Tapes, fig. 59; Romer. Monogr., Venus, ii., p. 83, pi. 29, fig. 2, and Mai.' Blatt., xi., 1864, p. 83 ; V. largillierti, Philippi, in Zeitschrift f. Malakozool., 1847 ; Icones pi. 9, fig. 3.
46
Allied to the European, T. decussatus, L. ; it is eaten by the natives, who call it '"pepa" or "pipi."
1 Tapes galactites, Lam., (Venus), An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., p. 359, from New Holland; Deshayes, Oat. Brit. Mm., Veneridce, p. 183 ; Reeve, Conch. Tc.,fig. 65, ditto ; Homer, Med. Blatt., xi., 1864, p. 80, and Monogr., Venus, ii., p. 94, pi. 32, Jig. 3.
Is by Deshayes and Reeve also ascribed to New Zealand.
Tapes fabagella, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 10 ; Reeve, Conch., Ic., Jig. 66 ; Cat. Brit. Mus., Veneridce, p. 182; Romer, Mai. Matt., xi., 1864, p. 64, and Monogr., Venus, ii„ p. 91, pi. 2.
Yenerupis insignis, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 6, pi. lb, Jig. 6 ; Sowerby, Thesaur., ii., pi. 164, Jig. 5, 6.
Collected by H. Evans, R.N,
Venebupis elegans, Desk, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 5, pi. 18, Jig. 2.
Venerupis siliqua, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 5. pi. 18, Jig. 1.
Yenerupis paupercula, Desh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 6, pi. 18, fig- 4.
Venebupis beflexa, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 256.
Perhaps identical with one of the preceding.
Cardium striatulum, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1840; Reeve, Conch.
Ic., fig. 60.
G. pulchellum, Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, p. 253 (not that of Rfeeve), from the East Coast of the Northern Island, is perhaps the same.
MYTILACEA, Cuvier.
(Lucinacea H. et A. Adams ; Laseacea and Unionacea, Gray, 1857 ; Pogonopoda and Goniopoda, Graj r , 1847.)
Lucina ZELA.NDICA, Gray, in Yates Account, p. 309 (described), and DieffenbaeKs Travels, p. 256. [Mysia, Gat. Marine Moll., p. 75.]
Wanting in Reeve's Monograph.
Lucina inculta, Gould, Proc. Dost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 255 ; Exp. Shells, p. 82 ; •Un. St. E. E., xii,,p. 412, atlas, fig. 524.
Also wanted in Reeve's Monograph.
1 Lucina (lebipes) globulabis, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., p. 231. From New Holland. Reeve, Conch. Ic., vi., fig. 53, gives New Zealand as its locality. [Mysia, Gat. Marine Moll., p. 75.]
Lucina (divabicella), Sp., L. divaricata, Gray, in Dieffenbachs Travels, p. 256. _
Divaricata is a collective name for several species ; the true divaricata of Linne is a species of the Mediterranean Sea.
In sandy bottom ten inches deep—Bid will.
Diplodonta zelandi.®, Reeve, Conch. Ic., vi., Lucina,fig. 14, 1850.
47
Cakdita austkalis, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi,,p. 383 (VenericarJia); Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 480, pl. 78, fit/. 11, 14,= Gray, Fig. Moll., 346, 4.
Tauranga—Dieffenbacli ; also sent by Dr. v. Mueller from New Zealand. It is therefore not probable that Reeve is right in identifying this species with C. tridentata, Say, from Carolina, Conch. Ic., i., fig. 22.
Another species of Gardita, allied to , with twelve ribs, has been sent by Dr. v. Miieller to the Museum of Stuttgart as being a New Zealand shell.
Mytilus latus (novjs zeelanbijs), Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., viii., fig. 141 ; Reeve, Conch. la., x., jig. 12; Martens, Mall. Blatt., xix., 1872, p. 24. (Non M. latus, Lam., which appears to be identical with M. chorus, Molina from Chili) M. durus, Solander, Catal. Portland Mus.
Several varieties mentioned by Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 258, from East Cape and Hauraki Bay ) Auckland—v. Frauenfeld. Dr. v. Mueller has sent also some specimens to the Museum of Stuttgart ; they are of a pale greenisll-brown colour, in the front part more narrowed than M. chorus, and the umbones not so distinctly bent downwards.
1 Mytilus canaliculatus, Martvn, tlniv. Conch., pi. 78, ed. Chenu.. pi. 21, fig. 2.
According to Martyn's figure, it seems different from the preceding, and agrees more with M. calif or nianus, Conrad ; Martyn's statement, that it is from New Zealand, appears therefore somewhat doubtful.
Mytilus ater, Zelebor, Frauenfeld, Verhamdl. Zool.-bot., Gesellsch. zu Wien, 1866, p. 916, and Reise der Novara, Moll., pl. 2, jig. 30. Of small size, black, strongly ourvated.
Mytilus polyodon, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool. iii., it?. 462, pl. 78, jig. 15, 16.
1 Mytilus (AULiEOMYA) hibsutus, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vii., p. 38 ; Reeve, x., Conch. Ic., fig. 8.
Lischke—Japan meeres—Conchy lien, i., p. 154.
This species, known from Australia (Port Jackson—Cox) and Japan, is given by Reeve as coming from New Zealand. Perhaps it has been confounded with the preceding, which is wanted in Reeve's Monograph.
1 Modiola albicosta, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vii., p. 19: Reeve, Conch. la., fig.
Cook Straits—Dieffenbach.
1 Modiola secueis, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vii., p. 22 ; Reeve, Gonch. Ic., jig. .
Modiola austbalis, Gray, in 7£ing's Voyage, Appendix ; Reeve, Conch, la., fig. 21.
These three species are known from Australia, but Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels, ii., p. 259, mentions the two former as being found in New Zealand, and the third is among the specimens sent by Dr. v. Mueller from New Zealand to the Museum at Stuttgart.
48
Modiola areolata, Gould, (Mytilus), Proc. Host. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 353; Exp. Shells, p. 93 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 452, atlas, fig. 562.
Lithodomus truncatus, Gray, in Diefenbcich's Travels, 259 ; lleeve, Conch. Jc., 17, x., fig. 3.
Intermediate between .Modiola and Lithodomus.
Lithodomus Grunebi, Philippi, Reeve, Conch. Ic., x., Jig. 12, 1857, =falcatus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. t n. k, 1851.
Prom West America, according to Carpenter.
Crenella impacta, Hermann, Spengler, in the German Journal Naturforsclier, x., 1776, pi. 6, fig. 8; v. Zorn, in Neue Sammlung, von. Versuchen, v. Abhandlungen, d. Naturjorschen Gessellscha/t, in Danzig, 1, 1778, pi. 2, fig. 3; Mytilus impactus, Hermann, in the Naturforscher, xvii., 1782, pi. 3, Jig. o, 7 ; Mytilus discors australis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., viii., fig. 768; Mytilus cor., Martyn, Univ. Conch., pi. 77, ed. Chenu, pi. 27, %. 1 ; Modiola discors, Lamarck, An. S. Vert, ed. 2, vii., p. 23; Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol, Zool., ii., p. 54; Modiola impacta, Reeve, Conch. Ic., x., Jig. 64.
One of the earliest known shells of New Zealand.
Bay of Islands—Sinclair ; East Cape—Dieffenbach.
Avicula lubida, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 310 ; Exp. Shells, p. 91 ; TJn. St. E. E., xii., p. 440, atlas, Jig. 551.
Avicula. glabra, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 310 ; Exp. Shells, p. 91 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 442, atlas, fig. 552.
Avicula fucata, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 309 ; Exp. Shells, p. 90, Fiji Islands 1 TJn. St. E. E., xii., p. 441, atlas, Jig. 351, New Zealand.
All three are wanting in Eeeve's Monograph of this genus.
Perna. . _ . .
A New Zealand species of tliis genus appears to be indicated in Abel's Concliylien aus d. Nat. Kabinet d. Bischofs v. Konstanz, 1787, p. 241.
Pinna Zelandica, Gray, in Tate's Account, p. 310, 1835, and in DiefenbacKs Travels, p. 259 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic. xi„fiig. 13. This is perhaps the bivalve of gigantic size mentioned in Capt. Cook s third voyage.
Pinna senticosa, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 312 ; Exp. Shells, p. 93 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 448, atlas, fig. 574.
Ostreacea, Cuvier.
(Pectinacea, Gray, 1857, H. et -A.. A dams , Asiphonida, oodwaid j Micropoda, and part of Goniopoda, Gray, 1847.)
1 Abca donacifokmis, Reeve, Conek. Ic., ii.,fig. 104.
From Mozambique.
This species is among the New Zealand shells sent by Dr. v. Mueller to Stuttgart.
49
Pectunctjlus laticostatus, Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., Zool., iii., p. 466, pi. 77, Jig. 4, 6 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., i. fiq. 8. Ti . . -i , /_ _ ' &
P. ovatus, Quoy and Gaim., ibid, p. 467, pi. 77, fig. 1-3, is only a variety of the same according to Gray and Reeve.
Common in the Bay of Islands—Quoy and Gaim.
Pectunculus Grayanus, Dunker, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1856, v. 357. Collected by Earl.
1 Pectunculus striatularis, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., » 493 • Peeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 27.
From Australia.
This was also among the New Zealand shells sent by Dr. v. Mueller to Stuttgart. ,
Nucula nitidula, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 51 ; Sow., Thes., iii., pi. 229, Jig. 142 ; lieeve, Conch. lc., xviii,,Jlg. 27.
Also sent by v. Mueller.
\ Nucula striolata, A. A-dams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 52, from China Sea; Reeve, Conch. Ic. xviii.,fig. 9, from New Zealand.
Nucula sulcata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 53 ; Peeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 10 ; Sow.) Thes., pi. 229,, fig. 127.
Nucula Strangei, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soo., 1856, p. 52 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 15.
Mr. Strange. -/■
Nucula castanea, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 53 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig. 19.
Peeve says also that N. Grayi, Orb., Yoy. Am. Mer. (from Chile), is from New Zealand, Conch. Ic., fig. 13.
I.l:i)A.coxc]\na, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 48 ; Sowerby, Thes., iii., pi. 227, fig. 54, 55 ; Peeve, Conch. Ic., 15.
Leda fastidiosa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 49 : Sow. Thes., ill, pi. 221, fig. 82, 83; Reeve, Conch. Ic.'fig. 31.
Leda micans, A. Adams, Sow., Thus., iii. (Nuoula), vl. 229, fin. 100 : lieeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 39.
australis, Quoy and Gaim. (Nucula), Voy. Astro!., Zool, iii., 1834, p. 471, pi. IS, fig. s—lo, = Gray, Fig. Moll., 372, 10 ; Sowerby, Thesawr., iii,,. pi. 227, fig. 32; Neilo Cumingii, A. Adams, Proc. Zool Soe., 1852, p. 93; 11. et A. Adams, Gen. Moll., pi. 126, fig. 7; Gtenoconcha navicula, Valenciennes, Voy. de la Venus, Moll., pi. 23, fig. 7. Ci ... t- , ~ —
Solemya australis, Lam., An. S. Vert., ed. 2, vi., p. 124.
From South Australia.
It lives also at lauranga, Bay of Plenty, and is to be found in fat mud, six inches below the surface—Bid will, in Dieffenbach's Travels ii., p. 256 ; Auckland—v. Frauenfeld.
t Lima bullata, Born.
Otherwise known from the East Indies, but Sowerby, Thes., i., pi. 22,
G
50
fio- 33, gives New Zealand as its locality. Quoy and Gaim., Voy. Astrol., ZooL, iii., p. 454, mention an undetermined species of Lima from New Zealand.
Pecten zelandicus, Gray, in Diefenbach's Travels, ii., 1844; P. Icetus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 345 ; Exp. Shells, p. 9o ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 456, jig. 571; P. Dieffenbachu, Reeve, Conch. lc., viii., 1853, jfe?. 88.
Also sent by Dr. v. Miieller.
It is allied to the European P. varius, but its ribs are more numerous.
Pecten gemmulatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 111.
Pecten pica, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 115.
Pecten multicostatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,Jig. 173.
Pecten (vola) laticostatus, Gray, in Yate's Account, 1835, p. 310 ; Diefenbach's Travels, p. 260; P. Novce Zeelandice, Reeve, Conch. Ic., fig.'36, 1852. _ , ,
Eastern Coast —Yate \ Bay of Islands Dieffenbacli.
Ostrea glomerata, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., 1850, p. 346 ; Exp. Shells, p. 96 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., p. 461, atlas, fig. 577.
Ostrea 1 discoidea, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc., iii., p. 347 ; Exp. Shells, p. 97 ; Un. St. E. E., xii., pi. 463, atlas, Jig. 578 (locality unknown); Reeve, Conch. Ic., xviii,,fig. 26.
Fiji Islands and New Zealand.
Ostbea 1 Gould.
Dieffenbach mentions also two species of Ostrea, one of which is plaited.
Anomia zelandica, Gray, in Diefenbach's Travels, ii., p. 260; Placunanomia Z., Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 123; Reeve, Conch.
10., Placunanomia, jig. 4.
Fixed on a species of Mytilus —Bidwill.
BRACHIOPODA.
Terebratula (waldheimia) lenticularis, Deshayes, in Guervns Mayasin de Zoologie, 1841, pZ. 41 ; Sowerby, Thes. Conch., i.,fig. 108110 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xiii.,fig. 4.
Cook Strait.
i Terebratula flavescens, Lam., = Australis, Quoy and Gaim. A well known species from New South Wales ; T. recurva, Quoy and Gaim., Yoy. Astrol., Zool., iii. 556, pi. 85, fig. 10, 11, from New Zealand (?) is a misformed specimen of flavescens.
Teeebeatella rubicunda, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., 1846, i., fig. 45 47 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., xiii., Terebratula, fig. 27 ; T. sanguynea (not Chemnitz nor Leach), Quoy and Gaim., Toy. Astrol., Zool, m., p. o3b,
pi. 85,..fig. 67. _ ,
Tas'man Bay—Quoy and Gaim. ; Tauranga—DiefFenbacli; Auckland— v. Frauenfeld.
51
Terebratella cruenta, Dillwyn, Descript. Catal. of Shells, 1817 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., Terebratula, fig. 20; T. sanguinea (not Chemnitz), Miscell.; T. zelandica, Deshayes, in Guerin's Magasin de Zoologie, 1841, pi. 42 ; Sow., Thes. Conch., i., fig. 111-113 ; Davidson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1852, nro. 24 ; T. rubra (non Pallas), Sow., Thes., fig. 9-11. Cook Strait, in 15 fathoms.
Terebratella Evansii, Davidson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. liist., 1852, nro. 24.
Terebratella Cumingii, Davidson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1852, nro. 32, and Proc. Zool. Soc., 1852, p. ; Peeve, Conch. Ic., Terebratula, fig. 29.
The two latter species approach the genera Magas and Bouchardia. 1 Kraussia Lamarckiana, Davidson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852, nro. 38, and Proc. Zool. Soc., 1852, p. ; Peeve, Conch. Ic., Terebratula, fig. 34.
New Zealand and Sydney. Dr. Cox, Exchange List, p. 30, confirms its occurrence at Port Jackson, together with the preceding species.
Magas (waltonia) Valencienni, Davidson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1852, nro. 41 ; Peeve, Conch. Ic., xiii., Terebratula, jig. 31.
Rhynchonella nigricans, Sowerby, Thes., Conch., i., Jig. 81, 82, 1846 ; Davidson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1852, nro. 49 : Reeve, Conch. Ic.,fig. 1.
Foveaux Straits, near Ruapuke, off Coral Rock, in 19 Fathoms—Mr. Evans.
INDEX TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES,
[The synonyms are printed in italics.]
Page.
A canthoccetes - - - 37 38
/Eolis longicauda ■ - - 38
Akera tumida 38
Amnicola 14 A .. . ,
Amphibola avellana 40
fragilis 40
nux-avellana - - 40
quoyana 40
-J J "."n. - -XV7 Ampullacera - ■ 8, 40
Ampullaria - - 40 A _ . „ _ .
Ancillaria australis - - - 23
depressa 23
novas zeelandise - - 23
obesa 23
pyramidalis - - 23
Anaitis 45
- - *±o Anapa 43
Anomia zelandica - - - 50
Aratrum - - - 25
A RCA donaciformis - - 48
Arcopagia - - . 42
— Argonauta nodosa - - - 16
tuberculata - - 16
Artemis anus 44
carpenteri - - - 44
lambata - - - 44
subrosea - - - 44
Aspergillus! novae zeelandite - - 41
- - *XJ Assiminea purohasi - - - 40
- - «±U I Astralium - - . 30
Atagema carinata - - . 33
Atlioracophorus - - 14 |
Page.
[ Aulceomya 47'
Ayicula fucata - - - 48
glabra - - - 48 lv.»'/3 n
lurida 48
Balea - 7
Barnea 40
Brittium - - - 26
Buccinum 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26
wwvwiiv 1 KJ, X ±,\JJ Z/J., ZZ, ZD Bulimus - - . 9, 13
Bulla australis - - - 38
quoyi 38
striata - - - 38 „„iJ • _ ~
zelandica - - - 38
Calcar cookii 30
_ OV granosum 30
imperiale - - - 30
Calliste 44
- - ±± Calyptrcea - - - 28
Cantharidus - . - 33 34
- - 00, o± Canthorbis - - - 30
Carinaria australis - - - 38
Cardita australis 47
Cardium pulchellum - - - 46
striatulum - - - 46
Cassis pirum 24
Cerithidea - - - 2 0
Cerithium australe - - - 26
bicarinatum - - 26
bicolor 26
cinctum 27
lutulentum 26
striatum - - - 26
subcarinatum - . 26
ii
Cerithium —continued.
Page. I
terebelloides - - 26 OT
Chcetopleura - - - 37 /V 7 1 A lO
Charopa - - - 10, 12
Chione - - - 44, 45
Chiton aculeatus 37
biramosus - - - 37
cselatus - - - 37
canaliculatus - - 36
U-LOl U LIO " cereus - - - 37
ciliatis - - - 37 11 i on
circumvallatus - - 3G
concentricus - - 37
- contractus - - - 37
glaucus - - - 37
hookeri - - - 38
iiuvnvi v - - longicymba - - 37
monticularis - - oo
nobilis - - - 37
pellis-serpentis - - 36
porosus - - - 38
porphyreticus - - 37
quoyi - - - 37
sinclairi - - - 36
stangeri - - - 36
undulatus - - - 37
violaceus - - - 37
viridis - - - 37
zelandicus 38
Circomphalus - - - 45
\JVI Cladopoda - - - 28
Cochlea - - - 30
COLUMBELLA choava ... - 22
zebra 22
icwa - COMINELLA cataracta - - - 20
funereum 20
elandiformis - - 20
gianauoriiiis - - lactea - - - 20
lOIVJUVUI lineolata 20
maculata - - - 19
illojU uit* UOJ - - - melo 20
meiu quovi 20
testudinea - - - 19, '20
Triton 20
virgata 20
CONUS - " " 1
Coolcia - - - 30
CORBULA adust a - - - 41
catlowas - - - 41
erythrodon- - - 41
zelandica 41
Grassatella - - 43
Crenella impacta - - 48
Crepidula contorta 28
Page.
Crkpidula—continued.
costata 28
uuo uciiua, - monoseyla 28
Crepidula - - - 15, 28
Cryptoconchus 38
I'f gJ/WWfVW.'WU Ctenoconcha 49
Cyclophorus cytora ... 7
vy UKJLOI ... , lignarius - 7
ugucuxi to --- , Cyclostoma ... 7
24
Cytherea disrupta 44
U. to / - J- I innocens 44
multistriata - - 44
planatella 44
Daudebardia novozeelandica - 8
Delphinula 30
ASKVJJIVtIVU ~ tJ\J Diloma - - - 32, 33
Diplodonta novse zelandise - - 46
Divaricella - - - 46
Dolium variegatum - - 24
Doris 38
Dosinia - - - 44
Drillia - - - 17
Elasmatina - - 13
Emarginula elegans 35
parmophoroides - - 35
striatula 34
Erycina 43
Euthria - - - 19
Flam/mulina - - - 11, 12
Fusus ambiguus - - - 18
caudatus - - - 18
dilatatus - - - 18
duodecimus - - 18
incisus - - - 19
linea - - - 19
lineatus - - - 19
littorinoides - - 19
niituniuJiuee - - mandarinus - - 18
I nodosus - - - 18
raphanus - - - 18
spiralis - - - 19
SJJII CM.IB - - stangeri - - - 18
vittatus - - - 19
zelandicus - - - 18
Glycymeris - - - 41
I Guildfordia 30
iii
Page.
Haliotis albicans - - - 34
australis - - - 34
cruenta - - 34
cunninghami - - 34
iris 34
novas zeelandise - - 34
plicata ... 34
rugosoplicata - - 34
stomatiee-formis - - 34
'vmo - - ,± Haminea obesa - - - 38 TT...
Haustrum - - . 21
""" - - Helix alpha - . . 12
anguiculus - - - ] 0 T
barbatula - - - 12 7_ . / .
beta 12
biconcava - - - 13
buceinella 10
- JU caput-spinuliß - - 10
celinde - - - 12
chordata ... 9
Chiron - - - 10
coma - - . 10
compressivoluta - - 12
conella - - - 11
coresia - - - 13
corniculum - - 10
crebriflammis - - 13 ,1-1 - .
decidua - - - l()
dimorpha - - - 10
dunnise - 8
UU " IUCC ■ o egesta - - - 11
epsilon - - - 10
erigone - - - 11
— n eta . - - 10
- - 1U flammigera - ■ 12
gamma - - - l()
glabriuscula - - 12
granum - - - 12
greenwoodi - - 8
gunnii - 8
j/wfe/eee ... & guttula - - - 12
lieldiana - - - 11
hypopolia - - - 10
Ide !0
igniflua - - - 13
- e — J.O infeota - - - 10
irradiata - - - 11 I • - , „
jeffreysiana - - 13
kappa ■ - - 11
kivi - - - 12
kollyrula - - - 11
J X x lambda - - - 13
leimonias - - - 9
marias - - ■» ]_]_
multilimbata - - 12 nVmnTvila . - - i i
obnubila - - - n
omega - - - 12 I
Page.
Helix—continued.
phlogophora - - 12 Till 1110 _ 1/^
pilula - - - 10
peecilosticta - - 11
portia - - - 11
rapida - - - 13
X # I *J regularis - - - 11
reinga - - - 9
sciadium - - - 10
sigma - - - 11
stipulata - - - 12
taranaki - 9
tau 10
tlieta - - - 10
tullia - - - 12
umbraculum - - 11
varicosa - - - 10
venulata - - - 1.2
\ wuiiauti - - - X 4 zelandias - - . H
zeta 10
ziczac - - - 10
Helix - - .8, 30, 40
tiy, rc\J Hemimactra - - - 43
Hiatula - - - 41 42 H V » T TXT A
Hyalina corneofulva - - 8
wixiwiuiva - o novarae ... g
Hydrobxa antipodum - - - 14
badia - - - 15
ciliata - - - 14
corolla - - - 14
crossei - - - ]4
egena - - - 15 i a
fischeri 14
reevei - - . 15
spelaaa - - - 15
~ " J.O zelandise - - - - 15 1X,,,7 „ F- in
Hydrocena - - - 7, 40
lanthina exigua - - - 39
Imperator - - - SO
Janella antipodarum - - 14
antipodum - - 14
bitentaculata - - 14
Katelysia 45 Kkaussia
iV-ttA U OOJLA. lamarckiana - - 51
Labio - - -32, 33 Lamellakia
j-jAivi r_.jjjjii.ni A indica 23
ophione 23
Lampania 26 Latia
lateralis - - - 16
iv
Page. )
X age. Latia—continued.
neritoides - - - 15
Leda concinna - - - 49
fastidiosa - - - 49
micans - - - 49
Lepidopleurus - - - 36, 37
Leptochiton - - - 37
Leripes - - - 46
Lima bullata - - - 49
□una/Gct - - - Limax - - 14, 27, 40
Ltmnjea wilsoni - - - 15
Lithodomus gruneri - - - 48
gIUIICJU. " " truncatus - - - 48
Litorina bullata - - - 27
cincta - - - 27
diemensis - - - 27
luctuosa - - - 27
IUUI UUiSd) - - moniliferct - - - 27
novae zeelandise - - 27
pavillosa - - - 27
J.JUJJL/lIJVVOUI - - pyramidalis - - 27 |
vilis - - - 27 |
Lophyrus - - - 36
vv " on Lottia - - - ,
Lucina
divaricata - - - 46 I
globularis - - - 46
inculta - - - 46
zelandica - - - 4G
Lucina - - - 46 Lutraria
acinaces 43
deshayesii - - - 43
lanceolata - - - 43
Macoma - - - 42 Mactra
sequilatera - - - 44
deluta 44
discors - - - 43
elongata 44
~—o . . . 0 murchisoni - - - 4 6
scalpellum - - - 43
ovata 43
Magas valencienni - - 51
v axtsiiciciuii - " •«- Mangaria - - * 37
Marmorostoma - - - 30
Melampus australis - - 39
eommodus - - - 39
eostellaris 39
sulcatus 39
BUiUtHiUO ... , JK , Mflanla - - - 13, 14
Page.
Melanopsis ovata 15
Strang ei - - -
• 1 K trifasciata - - - lo
zelandica - - - 15
Mesodesma chemnitzii 42 . /IO
cuneatum 43
latum 43
novae zeelandias - - 42
ovale 43
spissum 43
ventricosum - - 43
Mesodesma - - - 44
ivi esuatsmu, - - - m Microtorna - - - 21
Mite A 23
IVJi-LXWi. " —" Modelia - - - 30
Modiola albicosta 47
areolata - - - 48
australis 47 A 1
securis 47
Modiola - - - 48
Monodonta - - - 33
Mukex 17
IYA U JttJliA. - - - I novse zeelandiae - - 17
octogonus - - 18
zeelandicus- - ■ 17
Murex - 18, 19, 23, 25, 26
UYL It I Kit/ " A , , 42
Myodora striata - - - 41
Mysia 46
Mytilus ater 47
canaliculatus - - 47 .7 _ A7
durus 47
hirsutus 47
latus (novse zelandiffi) - 47
polyodon 47
Mytilus ... 4 8
Nanina - - - 11, 12 Nassa
corticata 20
nigella 20
novas zelandiae - - 20
rutilans 20 Natica
XIAUIjA zelandica 25 ........ OK
1 maroccana - 25
Neilo 49
Nematura - - - 15
_Ly VIIVUjVUII U, - Nerita 29
X~ XJXVIJ. JX "V Nerita - - - 40 ■xr* -ii . OA
Ninella 30
JViso - - - 14
Nucula castanea - - - 49
nitidula 49
V
Page. ~YT rr/irrr . V? 7
Nucula —con tinned.
strangei 49
striolata 49
sulcata 49
Nucula 49
Octopus cordiformis - - 16
Oliya 23
Omphalotropis vestita ... 7
Onchidium irrorata 39
patelloides 39
nigricans 39
Onythochiton 37
Opalia 29
Opalus - - - 33
Jr ~ "" Ophicardelus - - - 39
Ortygia - - - 45
Ostrea discoidea 50
glomerata - - - 50
OVULA oviformis - - - 24
ovum - - - 24
Paludestrina - - - 14
Pandora - - - 41
Panop^ea solandri 41
zelandica - - 41
Paphies - • - 42
Parmophorus australis - - - 35
unguis - - - 35
Paryphanta busbyi - - - 8
hochstetteri - - 8
urnula - - - 8
Patella argentea - - - 35
argyropis - - * 36
decora - - - 35
denticulata - - 36
earli - - - 36
imbricata - - - 36
inconspicua - - 36
luctuosa - - - 36
margaritaria - - 36
ornata - - - 36
VI /lUjOW - l)\f , pholidota - - - 36
radians - - - 35
radiata novce-zelandice - 35
Stella - - - 36
stellata - - - 36
stellifera - - - 36
stellularia - - - 36
tramoserica - - 35
unguis-alma 1 - - 36
Patella ° - - - 35 I
I # Page.
Patelloida pileopsis 35 T» .
Paxillus peregrinus - 7
x O » Pecten diefenbachii - - 50
gemmulatus - - 50
Icetus 50
laticostatus - - 50
multicostatus - - 50
novce-zeelandice - - 50
pica 50
zelandicus 50 D-n^m,T,TmTr,Tr,
Pectunculus grayanus - - 49
laticostatus - - 49
ovatus ... 49
striatularis - - 49
Pelex 16
Pelicaria 26
Perencea 42 T» . j
Perna ... 48 i 7"» .• rw»
I Peronia 39
Phasianella 33
Phidiana 38
Pholadidcea 40 T ™
Pholas antipodum 40
J-w similis ... 40
tridens 40
Physa tabulata - - - 15
variabilis - • - 15
Pinna senticosa 48
zelandica 48
Pinnoctopus - - - 16
PISIDIUM novozeelandicum - - 16
Placostylus
antipodarum ■ - 13
antipodum - - 13
bovinus 13
novoseelandicus - - 13
Placunanomia 50
Planokbis corinna 15
uuj.IIJ.hcII - - - iy Plaxiphora - - - 37 T
Pleurotoma novce-zeelandice - - 17
rosea - - - 17
Polydonta 32
Psammobia affinis 42
lineolata 42
- rt./^ zelandica 42
IJLJ stangeri 42
Pupa novoseelandiea - - 13
vi
Page.
Purpura albomarginata - - 22
haustrum - - - 21
lacunosa - - - 22
patens - - - 22
quoyi - - - 22
rugosa - - -21, 22
rupestris - - - 21
scobina - - - 22
scobina - - - 22
striata - - - 21
succincta - - - 21
succincta - - - 21
textiliosa - - - 21
textiliosa-juvenalis - 21
tristis - - - 22
Purpura - - - 19, 20
Ranella argus - - 23
leucostoma - - 23
Realia carinella - - - 7
egea - - - 7
hochstetteri - - 7
turriculata - - 7
Resania - - - 43
Rhagada - - - 9
Rhytida - - - 8
Khynconella nigricans - - - 51
Ricinula iodostoma - - - 21
Risella kielmanseggi - - 28
Rotella lineolata - - - 34
vestiaria - - - 34
zelandica - - - 34
Saxicava arctica - - - 41
Scalaria sulcata - - - 29
zelebori - - - 29
Scutus - - - 35
Sepia - - - 16
Sigapatella - - - 28
Siliquaria - - - 28, 29
Siphonaria australis - - - 39
cancer - - - 40
inculta - - - 40
obliquata - - - 40
scutellum - - - 40
spinosa - - - 40
zelandica - - - 39
Solarium egenum - - - 29
Page.
Solemya australis - - - 49
Solenella australis - - - 49
Soletellina incerta - - - 42
nitida - - - 41
siliqua - - - 42
Sphæerium lenticula - - - 16
novæ zeelandise - - 16
Spirula lœevis - - - 16
peronii - - - 10
Spisula - - - 43
Standella - - - 44
Stenothyra - - - 15
Stephopoma - - - 28, 29
Strombus acutus - - - 25
auris-dianœ - - - 25
auris-diance-novœ-zeelandiœ 25
minimus - - - 25
novœ zeelandiœ - - 25
pacificus - - - 25
troglodytes - - - 25
Struthiolaria australis - - - 26
crenulata - - - 26
gigas - - - 25
inermis - - - 26
nodosa - - - 25
nodulosa - - - 25
oblita - - - 26
papillaris - - - 26
papulosa - - - 25
scutulata - - - 26
straminea - - - 25, 26
vermis - - - 26
Succinea tomentosa - - 14
Tapes fabagella - - - 46
galactites - - - 46
intermedins - - 45
Tapes - - - 44, 45
Taria - - - 43
Tectura cantharus - - - 35
fragilis - - - 35
pileopsis - - - 35
Tellina alba - - - 42
albinella - - - 42
deltoidalis - - - 42
disculus - - - 42
glabrella - - - 42
lactea - - - 42
strangei - - - 42
vii
Tellina—continued sublenticularis - - 42
Page.
subovata - - - 42
Tellinella - - - 42
Terebra - - - 17
Terebratella cruenta - - - 51
cumingii - - - 51
evansii - - - 51
rubicunda - - - 50
rubra - - - 51
sanguinea - - - 50, 51
zelandica - - - 51
Terebratula australis - - - 50
flavescens - - - 50
lenticularis - - 50
recurva - - - 50
Terebratula - - - 50, 51
Teredo - - - 40
Thalassia - - - 11
Thkacia novœ zeelandiæ - - 41
Tica imperforata novæ-zelandiæ 33
Tornatellina novoseelandiae - - 13
Tribeniophorus - - - 14
Tbichotropis flavida - - - 28
flavidula - - - 28
Triforis gemmulata - - 27
Triton - - - 23
Tritonium chemnitzii - - - 24
fusiforme - - - 24
spengleri - - - 24
variegatum - - - 23
Trochita maculata - - - 28
Trochocochlea - - - 32
Trochus acinosus - - - 32
acuminatus - - 33
æthiops - - - 32
attritus - - - 32
cingulatus - - - 33
concolor - - - 32
corrosus - - - 32
cunninghami - - 31
decarinatus - - 31
diaphanus - - - 31
elegans - - - 33
fulvolabris - - - 32
gaimardi - - - 33
granatum - - 31
iridis - - - 33
iris - - - 33
jucundus - - - 34
Trochus—continued.
Page.
lugubris - - - 33
novœ-zeelandiœ - - 33
pallidus - - - 31
pellucidus - - - 31
punctulatus - - 31
pupillus - - - 31
purpuratus - - 33
reticularis - - - 32
rostratus - - - 33
scitulua - - - 32
selectus - - - 31
spectabilis - - 31
subrostratus - - 33
texturatus - - 33
tiaratus - - - 32
tigris
tuberculatus - - 32
viridis - - - 32
zealandicus - - 34
zelandicus - - 32
Trochus - - - 28, 30
Tubicanthus - - - 30
Tugalia - - - 35
Turbo helicinus - - - 29
lajonkairii - - - 29
smaragdus - - - 29
stamineus - - - 30
undulatus - - - 30
Turbo - - - 30, 31
Turritella pagoda - - - 27
rosea - - - 27
Unio aucklandicus - - 16
hochstetteri - - 16
lutulentus - - - 16
menziesii - - - 16
zelebori - - - 16
Vanganella taylorii - - - 43
Venericardia - - - 47
Venerupis elegans - - - 46
insignis - - - 46
paupercula - - 46
reflexa - - - 46
siliqua - - - 46
Ventricula - - - 44
VENUS calcarea - - - 45
costata - - - 45
crassa - - - 45
crassicosta - - - 45
denticulata - - 45
dieffenbachii - - 45
lima - - - 44
lucasii - - - 45
viii
Page.
Venus—continued.
mesodesma - - 45
oblonga - - - 44
plicata - - - 45
scansilis - - - 44
spissa - - - 45
spurca - - - 40
stuchburyi - - 45
violacea - - - 40
yatei - - - 45
zelandica - - - 44, 45
Venus - - - 45, 46
Vermetus cariniferus - - 29
roseus - - - 28
zelandicus - - - 28
Vitrina dimidiata - - - 8
Page.
Vola - - - 50
Voluta arabica - - - 22
fusus - - - 22
gracilis - - - 22
pacifica - - - 22
Waldheimia - - - 50
Waltonia - - - 51
Zenatia - - - 43
Zizyphinus - - - 31, 32
Zonites - - - 10, 13
Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department.
JAMES HECTOR, M.D., F.R.S., DIRECTOR.
CATALOGUE OF THE LAND MOLLUSCA OF NEW ZEALAND WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.
COLLECTED FROM VARIOUS AUTHORS,
PUBLISHED BY COMMAND.
NEW ZEALAND:
JAMES HUGHES, PRINTER, LAMBTON QUAY, WELLINGTON.
1873.
PREFACE.
The following List of the indiginous Land Snails of New Zealand is intended to supplement the Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca already issued by the Department. It is merely a collection of published descriptions by various authors, and for the greater part of the work the Department is indebted to the kind assistance of Dr. Cox and Mr. A. W. Scott, of Sydney, the latter gentleman having extracted and translated most of the descriptions from the following works, which could not be obtained in this Colony:"Monographia Heliceorum Viventium," Pfeiffer, 6 vols., 1868, Leipsic; and "Monographia Pneumonoporum Viventium," Pfeiffer, Vol. 1., Supplements 1 and 2, 1865.
JAMES HECTOR.
Colonial Museum,
25th October, 1873.
LIST OF SPECIES.
PAGE
Janella bitentaculata ... ... i
Vitrina zebra ... ... ... i
dimidiata ... ... ii
Milax antipodarum ... ... ii
Daudebardia novoseelandica ... ... ii
Succinea tomentosa .. ... ... iii
Helix (Paryphanta) busbyi ... ... ... iii
hochstetteri ... ... iii
urnula ... ... ... iv
omega ... ... ... iv
phlogophora ... ... iv
Helix (Thalassia) guttula ... ... ... v
tullia ... ... ... v
mariæ ... ... ... v
granum ... ... ... v
glabriuscula ... ... vi
Helix chordata ... ... ... vi
Helix (Trochomorpha) ophelia ... ... ... vi
Helix fatua ... .. ... vii
zelandiæ ... ... ... vii
regularis ... ... ... vii
Helix (Thalassia) erigone ... ... ... vii
heldiana ... ... ... viii
pœcilosticta ... ... viii
Helix (Charopa) iota ... ... ... viii
dimorpha ... ... ... viii
hypopolia ... ... ... ix
Helix decidua ... ... ... ix
Helix (Paryphanta) lambda ... ... ... ix
PAGE
Helix corneo-fulva ... ... ix
Helix (Paryphanta) crebrifiammis ... ... x
coresia ... ... ... x
Chiron ... ... ... x
Helix (Charopa) varicosa ... ... ... xi
epsilon ... ... ... xi
Helix (Endoclonta) tiara ... ... ... xi
Helix (Charopa) coma ... ... ... xi
gamma ... ... ... xii
Helix tau ... ... ... xii
Helix (Charopa) egesta ... ... ... xii
Helix (Paryphanta) obnubila ... ... ... xii
effreysiana ... ... xiii
Helix novaræ ... ... ... xiii
Helix (Charopa) ide ... ... ... xiii
Helix biconcava ... ... ... xiii
zeta .. ... ... xiv
anguiculus ... ... xiv
Helix (Charopa) eta ... ... ... xiv
Helix (Paryplianta) rapida ... .. ... xiv
Helix antipoda ... ... ... xv
Helix (Thalassia) aucklandica ... ... xv
Helix sciadium ... ... ... xv
Helix (Charopa) alpha) ... ... ... xvi
beta ... ... ... xvi
Helix (Thalassia) celinde ... ... ... xvi
PAGE
Helix (Laoma) leimonias ... ... xvi
Helix (Xanthomelon) pachystyla ... ... ... xvii
Helix kivi ... ... ... xvii
venulata ... .. ... xviii
Helix (Charopa) portia ... ... ... xviii
kappa ... ... ... xviii
Helix (Rhytida) greenwoodi ... ... xviii
dunniæ ... ... ... xix
Helix (Rhagada) reinga ... ... ... xix
Helix (Dorcasia) taranaki ... ... ... xix
Helix delessertiana ... ... xx
Bulimus (Placostylus) bovinus ... ... ... xx
Bulimus novoseelandicus ... ... xx
antipodarum ... ... ... xxi
Tornatella novoseelandica ... ... xxi
PAGE
Pupa novoseelandica ... ... xxii
Balea peregrina ... ... ... xxii
Diplommatina chordata ... ... ... xxii
Cyclophorus lignarius ... ... ... xxiii
cytora ... ... ... xxiii
Realia hochstetteri ... ... xxiii
egea ... ... ... xxiv
turriculata ... ... xxiv
carinella ... ... ... xxiv
Hydrocena purchasi ... ... ... xxv
Omphalotropis vestita ... ... ... xxv
Helix coniformis ... ... ... xxvi
hystrix ... ... ... xxvi
radiaria ... ... ... xxvi
rubricata ... ... ... xxvii
nouleti ... ... ... xxvii
vitræa ... ... ... xxvii
LIST OF SPECIES.
LAND MOLLUSCA OF NEW ZEALAND.
Abbreviations: M.H.V.—Monographia Heliceorum Viventium, Pfeiffer, 6 vols., 1868, Leipsic. P.Z.S.—Proc. Zool. Soc. of London.
Janella, Gray.
Mantle covering the entire back; tentacles, two, in front of the mantle.
JANELLA BITENTACULATA, Quoy.
J. antipodarum, Gray, Ann. and Mag. N.H., Dec., 1853; Knight, Trans. Linn. Soc., 1853, p. 112.
Body elongate, convex; back rounded; tail not keeled, tapering, acute behind; mantle covering the whole back, leaving a rather broad space between it and the edge of the foot, thin, small, with a longitudinal groove extending the whole length of the animal, and giving out branches from each side, which diverge backwards to the edge; back with conical points; dirty yellow with pale spots; length 1.25 inch.
Vitrina, Draparnaud.
Shell exposed, imperforate, very thin, depressed; spire short; last whorl very large; mouth very large, lunate or rounded; mantle lobes small.
VITRINA ZEBRA, Le Guill.
Vitrina zebra, Le Guill., Rev. Zool., 1842, 136. H. zebra, Pfr., Cat. Pulmonata in Brit. Mus., 70.
Shell rounded, umbilicated, depressed-convex above, more convex beneath, hyaline, ornamented with obliquely wavy flamelets of white and chestnut; whorls 4, thinly striated above; aperture rather dilated; umbilicus very small.
Axis, ·2; breadth, .3.
Auckland Islands only.
ii
VITRINA DIMIDIATA, Pfeiffer.
Vitrina dimidiata, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851, Cat. Pul. Brit. Mus., 71.
Shell much, depressed, periphery ovate, very thin, sculptured with minute arcuate striae, silky, shining, pale horn colour; spire nearly flat; whorls two and a quarter, which are open beneath, and with a narrow membranaceous edge ; aperture horizontal, as large as the whole shell; peristome simple, with regularly curved margins.
Height, '05; greatest breadth, ·2; least breadth, ·14.
Milax.
Back keeled to the shield; dorsal shield granulated or shagreened, truncated, with two small pores on its hinder edge shell convex.
MILAX ANTIPODARUM, Pfeiffer.
M. antipodarum, Pfr., Cat. Pul. Brit. Mus., 177.
Ovate, attenuated, rugose (in spirits), brown, back sharply keeled to the shield ; back with parallel grooves diverging from the shield, with short straight branches passing across from one to the other; shield short oblong, rounded behind, smooth, with netted grooves; breathing hole rather behind the middle of the right side; foot in three bands, the central band rather the broadest, with series of grooves on each side from a zig-zag central groove, the side bands with close parallel straight cross grooves.
Daudebardia, Hartman.
Shell perforated, horny, depressed, few-whorled, horizontally and rapidly involuted, with the last whorl very large; aperture oblique, ample.—Pfeiffer.
Animal elongated, too large for complete retraction into the shell; tail very short; mantle reflected over the shell-margin, and furnished with a posterior lobe on the right side.—Woodward.
DAUDEBARDIA NOVOSEELANDICA, Pfeiffer.
Daudebardia Novoseelandica, Pfr., M.H.V. vol. 5, p. 10, No. 10.
Shell imperforated, greatly depressed, ambit oval, rather solid, sculptured with distinct stride of growth and radiant impressed lines, fulvous; spire small, occupying one-eighth of the entire length of shell; whorls 2½, the last laterally sub-compressed; columella thickly callous above.
Height, 2½; length, 10; diam., 7 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Hochstetter).
Succinea, Draparnaud.—(Amber Snail).
Shell imperforate, thin, ovate or oblong; spire small; aperture large, obliquely oval ; columella and peristome simple, acute. Animal large, tentacles short and thick, foot broad; lingual teeth like Helix. Inhabits damp places, but rarely enters the water.—Woodward.
iii
SUCCINEA TOMENTOSA, Pfeiffer.
Succinea tomentosa, Pfeiffer, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 297; vol. 4, p. 814; vol. 5, p. 33, No. 108.
Shell oblongly-conical, thin, covered with downy hairs, not shining, pellucid, pale horny; spire conical, acute; whorls 3, the second convex, the last three quarters of the entire length of the shell, attenuated at the base; columella sub-callous, slightly plaited, arcuated; aperture a little oblique, sharply oval, somewhat incumbent; peristome simple, rather expanded.
Length, 8; diam., 5; height, 3 2/3. Aperture, length, 6; breadth in the middle, 4 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
Helix, Linnæus.
Shell umbilicated, perforated, or imperforate; discoidal, globosely depressed or conoidal; aperture transverse, oblique, lunar, or somewhat rounded; margins distinct, remote, or united by callus.
"Animal with a long foot, pointed behind; lingual teeth usually in straight rows, edge teeth dentated."—(Woodward.)
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) BUSBYI, Gray.
Helix Busbyi, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 347; Pfr,, M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 109 ; vol. 5, p. 48, No. 1.
Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, sub-discoidal, opaque, white, covered with a thick, glabrous, shining, deep-green coloured epidermis, which overhangs the peristome; spire flat, sub-rugose; whorls 4½, slightly convex, the last smooth, deflexed anteriority, depressed; umbilicus broad, perspective; aperture obliquely lunate-oval, within shiningblue; peristome simple, inflexed throughout.
Diam., greatest, 66; least, 53; height, 29 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) HOCHSTETTERI, PfeifFer.
Helix Hochstetteri, Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 5, p. 48, No. 2.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, slightly solid, irregularly plaited, and somewhat granulated by impressed, close, oblique lines, viscidly shining, fulvous, ornamented above with thickly-set, undulating, chest-nut-coloured lines ; spire scarcely elevated, with the crown thin, obtuse; whorls 5½ slightly convex, the last depressedly-rotundate, sub-angulated at the periphery, irregularly hollowed beneath, more shining, bound with broader chestnut-coloured bands; umbilicus moderate, oblique, not pervious; aperture very oblique, lunar; peristome somewhat inflexed, straight, anteriorly sub-membranaceous, margins joined by a white callus.
Diam., greatest, 65; least, 56; height, 28 mill.
Hab., Limestone Mountains, New Zealand (Hochstetter).
The structure of this shell evidently resembles that of the H. Busbyi, from which, however, it differs in the depressed form,—in the whorls
H
iv
slowly increasing,—in the markings and in the colour; and also in the umbilicus.
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) URNULA, Pfeiffer.
Helix urnula, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1854, p. 49; Reeve Conch Icon., No. 1306, pl. 187; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 8; vol. 5, p. 48, No. 4.
Shell perforated, the perforation covered, helicophantoidal, thin, submembranaceous, irregularly obliquely furrowed and malleated, a little shining pellucid, green fuscous ; spire minute, conoidal, obtuse, pale suture rather deep; whorls 3, convex, very rapidly increasing the last large, sub-compressed from behind, somewhat excavated at the base; aperture oblique, truncatedly-oval, within very shining; peristome simple, obtuse, sub-inflexed, margins approximating, columellar margin trom above reflexed, adnate.
Diam., greatest, 16; least, 13; height, 9 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) OMEGA, Pfeiffer,
Helix omega, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1849, p. 127; M.H.V., vol. 3, p 33; vol. 5, p. 54, No. 63. Nomina omega, Gray. Helix compressivoluta, Reeve.
Shell imperforate, depressed, rather smooth, covered with a fuscoushorny epidermis; spire slightly elevated, reddish on the crown; w horl s 4 flattish, rapidly increasing, the last hardly more rounded at the base, impressed in the middle; aperture oblique, lunately-oval; peristome simple, straight, basal margin slightly arched, reflexed above, adnate in the umbilical region.
Diam., greatest, 9½; least, 7; height, 3½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) PHLOGOPHORA, Pfeiffer.
Helix phlogophora, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1849, p. 127; M.H.V, vol. 3, p. 34; vol 5 p 54 No. 65. Nanina phlogophora, Gray. Helix multilimbata, Jacq. et Homb., Voy. au Pole Sud, pl. 6, figs. 5-8. Helix flammigera, Pfr., 1852.
Shell imperforate, depressed, very thin, finely striated sinning pellucid fulvous-yellow, adorned with angular flame-like markings, and rufous serrations, closely set together; spire somewhat convex, scarcely elevated; whorls 3½, convex, rapidly increasing, the last not descending, depressed, flattish beneath, impressed in the middle; aperture diagonal, rotundly-oval; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin arcuated, ascending. .
Diam., greatest, 7; least, 6; height, 3½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
V
HELIX (THALASSIA) GUTTULA, PfeifFer.
Helix guttula, Pfr., Zeit. f. Malak., 1853, p. 53; M.H.V. vol. 3, p. 626; vol. 5, p. 55, No. 74. Nanina guttula, Gray.
Shell imperforate, convexly-depressed, thin, very smooth, shining, pellucid, fuscous-horny; spire vaulted over; suture inconsiderable, sub-marginated; whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last rounded at the periphery, impressed in the middle beneath, callous; aperture slightly oblique, lunar; peristome simple, straight, acute, basal margin slightly arcuate, thickish at the columella.
Diam., greatest, 5; least, 4¾; height, 2¾ mill.
Hab., New Zealand. Nicobar Islands (Zelebor).
HELIX (THALASSIA) TULLIA, Gray.
Nanina Tullia, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 165. Helix Tullia, Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 35; vol. 5, p. 55, No. 75.
Shell imperforate, depressed, thin, closely-ribbed, diaphanous, tessellated with pale-yellow and rufous; spire slightly convex; whorls 5, rather convex, narrow, the last not descending, obscurely angled at the periphery, impressed in the middle at the base ; aperture sub-vertical, lunar; peristome simple, straight, basal margin slightly arcuated.
Diam., greatest, 4½; least, 4 height, 2 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Greenwood).
HELIX (THALASSIA) MARIÆ, Gray.
Helix Mariœ (Nanina), Gray, Dieff. Trav., vol. 1, p. 262. Helix Mariœ, Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 39; vol. 5, p. 58, No. 95. Helix umbraculum, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851.
Shell imperforate, somewhat lentiformed, rather thin, finely plaited, unctuously glossy, greenish-horny, obscurely painted with narrow rufous streaks descending forwardly; spire convexly-conoidal; apex acute; suture margined; whorls 5½, flattish, acutely keeled, the last not descending, somewhat convex at the base, obscurely tessellated with rufous; aperture oblique, depressed, sub-triangular; peristome simple, acute, straight, slightly arcuated at the basal margin, shortly reflected at the columellar margin.
Diam., greatest, 7½; least, 7; height, 3 2/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (THALASSIA) GRANUM, Pfeiffer.
Helix granum, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1857, p. 107; M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 20; vol. 5, p. 63, No. 143.
Shell perforated, turbinately-globose, thin, very closely and finely striately-ribbed, pale horny, irregularly variegated with reddish markings; spire conoidal, slightly acute; whorls 5½, convex, the last
vi
not descending, rather swollen near the aperture ; aperture slightly oblique, broadly lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins subconverging, columella!' margin slightly patulous.
Diam., greatest, 4; least 3 2/3; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (THALASSIA) GLABRIUSCULA, Pfeiffer.
Helix glabriuscula, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 51; vol. 5, p. 71, No. 193.
Shell perforate, conoidly-semiglobose, thin, smooth, pellucid, shilling, pale yellow, angularly lined with rufous; spire convexly-conoidal, slightly acute; whorls 5½ slightly convex, the last not descending, flattish beneath; aperture oblique, sub-depressed, lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin bent downwards, slightly reflexed above.
Diam., greatest, 3½; least, 3; height, 2 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX CHORDATA, Pfeiffer.
Helix chordata, Pfr., Malak. B1., viii., 1861, p. 147; M.H.V., vol. 5, p. 72, No. 200.
Shell sub-perforate, globosely-turbinated, thin, somewhat closely covered with cord-shaped ribs, not shining, marbled minutely with whitish and reddish; spire convexly conical, somewhat sharp ; whorls 5, convex, the last slightly inflated at the base; aperture a little oblique, lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins remote, columellar margin slightly reflected at the perforation.
Diam., greatest, 3¾; least, 3 2/3; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Hochstetter).
This shell differs from its near ally, the H. iota, Pfr., by the turbinated spire, and by the almost closed-up perforation.
HELIX (TROCHOMORPHA) OPHELIA, Pfeiffer.
Helix ophelia, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1854, p. 146; M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 29; vol. 5, p. 80, No. 241.
Shell perforated, turbinately depressed, thin, under the lens irregularly marked with hair-like striæ, not shining, diaphanous, horny, marked with narrow reddish streaks; spire rather convexly conoidal, crown small, tine, somewhat acute; whorls 5, flattish, rather prominent, gradually increasing, the last not descending, sub-angular, flattish at the base; aperture oblique, rotundly-lunar, within shining; peristome simple, straight, margins slightly converging, basal margin rather constricted, columellar margin bent downwards, near the very narrow and pervious umbilicus, shortly reflexed.
Diam., greatest, 8; least, 7; height, 4½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Hochstetter); Australia (Pfr.); Cape York, North Australia (Edwards); Cox, Austr. Land Shells, 1863, p. 35.
vii
HELIX FATUA, Pfeiffer.
Helix fatua Pfr., P.Z.S., 1857, p. 107; M.H.V. vol. 4, p. 30; vol. 5, p. 80, No. 243.
Shell perforated, turbinated, thinnish, irregularly finely striated, somewhat shining, fulvous; spire conoidal, rather acute; whorls 5-5½, moderately convex, the last not descending, periphery sub-carinated, rather convex at the base; aperture a little oblique, lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin somewhat rigidly bent downwards.
Diam., greatest, 5; least, 4½; height 2 1/3 mill.
Hab., Taupiri, New Zealand (Hochstetter).
HELIX ZELANDIÆ, Gray.
Carocolla Zelandiœ, Gray, Dieff. Trav., vol. 1, p. 247. Nanina Novœ Zelandiœ Gray. Helix Zelandiœ, Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 81; vol. 5, p. 85, No. 266.
Shell perforated, depressed, turbiniformed, pale horny, pellucid, variegated with rufous spots, minutely finely striated; spire convex; whorls 5, flattened, the last keeled, convex; umbilicus deep; peristome simple, acute.
Diam., greatest, 9½; least 9; height, 5½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX REGULARIS, Pfeiffer.
Helix regularis, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1854, p. 50; M.H.V., vol 4, p. 33; vol. 5, p. 86, No. 277; Reeve, Conch. Icon., No. 1259, pl. 182.
Shell perforated, the perforation partially covered, regularly coniform, thin, very minutely striated, pellucid, viscously glossy, luteous, horny; spire conical, rather acute; suture scarcely impressed; whorls 6, flatfish, slowly increasing, the last not descending, acutely keeled, flatfish beneath; aperture diagonal, depressly-securiformed; peristome simple, straight, margins remote, columellar margin dilated above, sub-adnate.
Diam., 3; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (THALASSIA) ERIGONE, Gray.
Nanina Erigone, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 165. Helix Erigone, Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 60; vol. 5, p. 86, No. 278.
Shell perforated, conical, thin, smooth, keeled, pellucid, fulvous, obscurely streaked with red flame-like markings; spire conical, rather acute; whorls 6-7, slightly convex, the last flatfish beneath the subacute keel; aperture a little oblique, depressed, sub-angularly lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin short, sub-callous, rather reflexed.
Diam., greatest, 2½ height, 2 mill.
Hab., Auckland, New Zealand.
viii
HELIX (THALASSIA) HELDIANA, Pfeiffer.
Helix Heldiana, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V. vol. 3, p. 60; vol. 5, p. 87, No. 279.
Shell perforated, minute, trochiformed, thin, smooth, shining, fulvoushorny; spire conical, rather obtuse; suture impressed; whorls 5½, somewhat convex, the last keeled, not descending, slightly more convex beneath; aperture slightly oblique, depressed, angularly lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins remote, columellar margin very shortly somewhat reflected.
Diam., 2; height, 1 2/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (THALASSIA) PŒECILOSTICTA, Pfeiffer.
Helix pœecilosticta, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; vol. 3, p. 59; vol. 5, p. 89, No. 301.
Shell perforated, trochiformed, thin, closely plaited, fulvous, rufousspotted, diaphanous; spire convexly-conical, apex rather acute; suture margined; whorls, 5½, narrow, somewhat convex, the last keeled, not descending, flat beneath; aperture a little oblique, depressed, angularly lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin ascending, callously - reflexed.
Diam., 4; height, mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (CHAROPA) IOTA, Pfeiffer.
Helix iota, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; vol. 3, p. 69; vol. 5, p. 114, No. 465.
Shell perforated, sub-depressed, thin, closely ribbed, not shining, yellowish-horny, rufous spotted and reticulated; spire shortly-conoidal, somewhat acute; wliorls 5, rather convex, gradually increasing, the last not descending, rounded; aperture a little oblique, rotundly-lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins distant, columellar margin arcuately ascending, sub-dilated above, open.
Diam., greatest, 4; least, 3 2/3; height, 2½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (CHAROPA) DIMORPHA, Pfeiffer.
Helix dimorpha, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; vol. 3, p. 68; vol. 5, p. 114, No. 457.
Shell perforated, depressed, thin, very closely striated and somewhat closely so with thread-like ribs, a little shining, diaphanous, pale horny, minutely rufously-tessellated, and at the suture ornamented with rufous spots; spire scarcely elevated; whorls 5, rather convex, the last not descending, rounded, higher than broad ; aperture sub-vertical, lunar; peristome simple, straight, with the basal margin somewhat bent
ix
backwards, columellar margin callously-reflected above, almost concealing the perforation.
Diam., greatest, 8½; least, 7½ height, 5 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (CHAROPA) HYPOPOLIA, Pfeiffer.
Helix hypopolia, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 68; vol. 5, p. 114, No. 459.
Shell very narrowly umbilicated, depressed, thin, very closely ribbed, silky, horny-cinereous; spire little elevated, convex; whorls 5½ slightly convex, the last not descending, more convex at the base; aperture a little oblique, broadly lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin arcuated, slightly reflexed above.
Diam., greatest, 6½; least, 6; height, 3 1/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX DECIDUA, Pfeiffer.
Helix decidua, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1857, p. 108; M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 71, vol. 5, p. 137, No. 606.
Shell umbilicated, depressly-turbinated, thin, sculptured with membranaceous, deciduous, fine ribs, horny-yellowish, obscurely and angularly streaked with reddish; spire somewhat regularly conoidal; whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last not descending, sub-angulated at the periphery; umbilicus narrow, pervious; aperture oblique, lunately-rotund; peristome simple, straight, margins converging, columellar margin slightly expanded.
Diam., greatest, 3½; least, 3½; height, 2 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) LAMBDA, Pfeiffer.
Helix lambda Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V., vol. 3. p. 84; vol. 5, p. 143, No. 653. Nanina lambda Gray. Helix ignifuax Reeve.
Shell umbilicated, sub-conoidly-depressed, thin, somewhat smooth, now and then sculptured with spiral striæ, slightly shining, diaphanous, fulvous, chestnut-spotted; spire sub-conoidal, rather obtuse; whorls 5, rather convex, the last not descending, obscurely angled at the periphery, convex beneath; umbilicus moderate, conical; aperture oblique, lunatelyrotund, within shining; peristome simple, straight, margins closely united, columellar margin sub-dilated above, expanded.
Diam., greatest, 13; least, 11; height 7 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX CORNEO-FULVA, Pfeiffer.
Helix corneo-fulva, Pfr., Malak. B1., viii., 1861; vol 5, p. 145, No. 673.
Shell umbilicated, sub-orbicular, depressed, thin, faintly finely striated, most distinct at the suture, shining, pellucid, horny-fulvous; spire
x
slightly elevated; suture impressed; whorls 5, rather convex, regularly increasing, the last depressly-rotund; umbilicus narrow, pervious, scarcely exceeding one-sixth of the -diameter; aperture a little oblique, rotundlylunar; peristome simple, straight, margins remote, columellar margin arcuately bent downwards, slightly dilated above.
Diam., greatest, 9½; least, 8¼; height, 4 1/3 mill.
Hab., Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter).
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) CREBRIFLAMMIS, Pfeiffer,
Helix crebriflammis, Pfr., P.Z.S. 1851; M.H.Y., vol. 3, p. 91; vol. 5, p. 149, No. 717. Nanina crebriflammis, Gray.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, finely striated, shining, pellucid, luteous, adorned with thickly-set flame-like markings; spire slightly elevated, rather convex ; whorls 3½, somewhat convex, the last not descending, sub-depressed, more convex at the base; umbilicus rather broad, pervious; aperture slightly oblique, lunately-oval; peristome simple, straight, right margin arcuated in front, columellar margin slightly reflexed.
Diam., greatest, 7; least, 5½; height, nearly 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) CORESIA, Gray.
Nanina coresia, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 166. Helix coresia, Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 92; vol. 5, p. 149, No. 718.
Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, olive-horny, fuscous streaked, covered with a thick, shining, sub-striated epidermis; spire slightly elevated, rather convex; whorls 3, rather convex, rapidly increasing, the last sub-depressed, not descending anteriorly, dilated; aperture diagonal, sub-lunately rotund; peristome simple, thin, margins approaching, epidermis inflexed.
Diam., greatest 4; least, 3¼; height, 1 2/3 mill.
Hab., Auckland, New Zealand.
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) CHIRON, Gray.
Nanina chiron, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 166. Helix chiron, Pfr., M.H.V., vol., 3, p. 94; vol 5, p. 152, No. 742.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, arcuately and rather distantly plaited, covered with a shining, fuscous-olive epidermis; spire rather convex; whorls 3½, rather convex, the last sub-depressed, rounded at the margin, convex at the base; umbilicus narrow, pervious; aperture a little obliqu sub-lunately-rotund; peristome thin, the right margin somewhat bent backwards, separated from the last whorl by a slight incision,, columella r margin above rather widely-opened out.
Diam., greatest, 6; least 5; height, 3 mill.
Hab., Auckland, New Zealand (Greenwood).
xi
HELIX (CHAROPA) VARICOSA, Pfeiffer.
Helix varicosa, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1854; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 97; vol. 5, p. 153, No. 762.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, very thin, finely striated, varicoselyangled with distant ribs, not shining, fuscous; spire slightly elevated, obtuse; whorls 4½-5, flattish, the last not descending, depressed, flattish at the base; umbilicus moderate, pervious; aperture small, oblique, lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin above very slightly reflexed.
Diam., greatest, 3½; least, 3¼; height, scarcely 2 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (CHAROPA) EPSILON, Pfeiffer.
Helix epsilon, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H,V., vol. 3, p. 97; vol. 5, p. 153, No. 763.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, obliquely and closely plaited above, pale horny; spire rather convex; whorls3½ rather convex, the last not descending, somewhat smooth at the base; umbilicus narrow, pervious; aperture a little oblique, rotundately-lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins converging.
Diam., greatest, 1¾; least, 1½; height, 2/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (ENDODONTA) TIARA, Mighels.
Helix tiara, Mighels, Boston Proc., 1845, p. 19; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 85; vol. 3, p. 98; vol 5, p. 156, No. 783.
Shell umbilicated, slightly convexly depressed, somewhat thin, above arcuately-striated, luteous, adorned with lightning-like rufous streaks, rather shining; 'spire clearly arched over, obtuse; whorls 6, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last somewhat tapering, not descending, slightly striated beneath ; umbilicus large, conical, exceeding one-third of the diameter; aperture oblique, lunately-rounded, sub-opalescent within ; peristome simple, straight, margins approximating, right margin arcuated in front, columellar margin not reflexed.
Diam., greatest, 8; least, 7; height, 4 mill.
Hab., Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter); Kaui, Sandwich Islands (Mighels).
HELIX (CHAROPA) COMA, Gray.
Zonites coma, Gray, Dieff. Trav., vol. 1, p. 263. Helix coma, Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 99; vol. 5, p. 156, No. 792.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather thin, obliquely closely ribbed, slightly shining, pale fuscous, sub-radiated with brown spots; spire a little elevated, flatly convex ; whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last obscurely angled, not descending anteriority; umbilicus broad,
I
xii
conical; aperture diagonal, lunately-rotund; peristome simple, straight, margins slightly convergent, upper part somewhat bent backwards.
Diam., greatest, 7; least, 6; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand; Tasmania.
HELIX (CHAEOPA) GAMMA, Pfeiffer.
Helix gamma Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H. V., vol. 3, p. 100; vol. 5, p. 159, No. 808. Helix buccinella Reeve.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, thinnish, very closely striated with riblike striae, diaphanous, pale horny, rufously clouded; spire very slightly convex; suture impressed; whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last not descending, convex beneath; umbilicus broadish, conical; aperture sub-vertical, rotundly-lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins converging, regularly arcuated.
Diam., 3; height, 1 1/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX TAU, Pfeiffer.
Helix tau, Pfr., Malak. B1., viii., 1861, 148; M.H.V., vol. 5, p. 159, No. 809.
Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, rather thin, above marked with somewhat apart rib-like plaits, rufous, tessellated with whitish; spire slightly elevated, crown minute; whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last tapering, not descending, slightly striated beneath; aperture small, slightly oblique, lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins hardly converging, columellar margin not dilated.
Diam., greatest, 3; least, 2¾; height, 1 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Hochstetter).
HELIX (CHAROPA) EGESTA, Gray.
Helix egesta, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 166; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 102; vol. 5, p. 164, No. 842.
Shell broadly umbilicated, depressly semi-globose, rather solid, regularly spirally-furrowed, and strengthened with strong longitudinal plaits, distantly placed, dilated into sub-triangular, membranaceous, deciduous lamellae, black-rufous; spire short, convex, above depressed; whorls 5½, convex, the last tapering, generally inclining downwards; aperture small, a little oblique, lunately circular; peristome simple, straight, margins closely united.
Diam., greatest, 4 1/3; least, 4; height, 2½ mill.
Hab., Auckland, New Zealand (Sinclair and Greenwood).
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) OBNTTBILA, Reeve.
Helix obnubila, Reeve, Conch. Ic., No. 792, pi. 130; Pfr., vol. 3, p. 633; vol. 5, p. 164, No. 844. Helix sigma, Pfr. Nanina obnubila, Gray.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, intensely fuscous, throughout decussated
xiii
with impressed spiral furrows and oblique striœ; spire depressed; suture distinct; whorls 5, flatly-convex, the last rounded; aperture lunar; peristome simple, acute.
Height, 3½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) JEFFREYSIANA, Pfeiffer.
Helix Jeffreysiana, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 105; vol. 5, p. 169, No. 878. Nanina Jeffreysiana, Gray.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, distinctly striated, pellucid, luteous, adorned with lively-coloured chestnut streaks, disposed in bundles; spire flat; suture impressed, irregularly finely plaited; whorls 4, rather convex, the last sub-depressed, rounded, not descending; umbilicus broad, opened; aperture slightly oblique, lunately-oval; peristome straight, simple, margins nearly uniting.
Diam., greatest, 7; least, 5¾; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX NOVARÆ, Pfeiffer.
Helix Novarœ, Pfr., Malak. 81., viii., 1861, p. 148; M.H.v. vol. 5, p. 169, No. 882.
Shell somewhat narrowly umbilicated, depressed, thin, somewhat smooth, finely striated at the suture, pellucid, shining, pale yellowishhorny ; spire flat; suture simple, scarcely impressed; whorls 4, rather convex, gradually increasing, the last depressed, not descending; aperture somewhat greater, slightly oblique, lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins sub-converging, columellar margin above shortly expanded.
Diam., greatest, 6; least, 5 1/3; height, 2¼ mill.
Hab., Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter).
N.B.—Yery closely allied to H. remotœ, Benson.
HELIX (CHAROPA) IDE, Gray.
Helix Ide, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 166; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 108; vol. 5, p. 172, No. 911.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, thin, arcuately-ribbed, pilose, pale horny, radiated with brown; spire flat, sub-impressed in the middle; suture impressed ; whorls rather convex, slowly increasing, the last somewhat rounded, not descending ; umbilicus moderate, pervious; aperture slightly oblique, rotundately-lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins very remote, columella!- margin short, greatly arched.
Diam, greatest, 8; least, 7; height, almost 4 mill.
Hab., Auckland, New Zealand.
HELIX BICONCAVA, Pfeiffer.
Helix biconcava, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; vol. 3, p. 109; vol. 5, p. 173, No. 917.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, closely arcuately-ribbed, opaque, horny-
xiv
yellowish, rufously streaked; spire concave; whorls 4½-5, narrow, the last but one convex, the last rounded, not descending; umbilicus broad, perspective ; aperture sub-vertical, higher than broad, lunar; peristome simple, straight, right margin sub-arcuated in front.
Diain., greatest, 5 ; least, 4 1/3; height, 2 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX ZETA, Pfeiffer.
Helix zeta, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851 ; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 109; vol. 5, p. 173, No. 919. Helix infecta, Reeve.
Shell very broadly umbilicated, depressed, sub-discoidal, rather solid, somewhat closely strongly plaited, not shining, pale yellowish, tessellated with large chestnut spots; spire flat, submersed in the middle; suture deep; whorls 5½, very narrow, convex, rather swollen, the last not descending, somewhat tapering, strengthened beneath with fine plaits; aperture a little oblique, smallish, Innately circular; peristome simple, straight, margins closely united.
Diam., greatest, 3 2/3; least, 3 1/3; height, 1½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX ANGUICULUS, Reeve.
Helix anguiculus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., No. 802, pl. 131; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 634; vol. 5, p. 173, No. 920.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, sub-discoidal, brownish, adorned with sub-remote rufous streaks; suture of the spire impressed; whorls 5, rotundate, longitudinally very finely striated with rib-like stri æ; aperture sub-circular; peristome thin, margins closely united.
Height, 2 2/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (CHAROPA) ETA, Pfeiffer.
Helix eta, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; vol 3. p. 107; vol 5, p. 173, No. 922.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, finely striated with rib-like striae, silky, waxen; spire flattish; suture impressed; whorls 4, slightly convex, the last more broad, not descending, depressed; umbilicus rather broad, perspective; aperture a little oblique, lunately-subcircular; peristome simple, straight, margins closely united.
Diam., greatest, 3; least. 2 2/3; height, 1 1/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (PARYPHANTA) RAPIDA, Pfeiffer.
Helix rapida, Pfr., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1853, p. 54; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 633; vol. 5, p. 175, No. 935. Nanina rapida, Gray.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, discoidal, thin, under the lens spirally
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striatulated, shining, pellucid, chestnut, variegated with luteous streaks and dots; spire flat, sub-immersed; suture sub-caniculated; whorls 3½, rather convex, rapidly increasing, the last broad, depressed, rounded at the periphery, not descending anteriorly, a little convex at the base, gradually ascending into a moderate umbilicus; aperture a little oblique, lunately-rotundate; peristome simple, straight, acute, margins somewhat closely united.
Diam., greatest, 7 2/3; least, 6 2/3; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
Variety B, larger, luteous, adorned at the suture with a broad, articulated, chestnut-coloured band.
Diam., greatest, 9½; least, 7; height, 3¾.
Hab., Solomon Islands.
HELIX ANTIPODA, Jacquinot.
Helix antipoda, Homb. & Jacq., Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., v., p. 18; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 111; vol. 5, p. 182, No. 972.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, globosely-conical, above striated, shining, grey, rufous-streaked; spire conoidal, rather acute; whorls 5½, flattish, the last keeled, slightly descending, convex at the base; aperture hatchetformed; peristome simple, straight.
Diam., greatest, 8; least, 7 mill.
Hab., Auckland Islands.
HELIX (THALASSIA) AUCKLANDICA, Le Guill.
Helix Aucklandica, Le Guill., Revue Zool., 1842, p. 140; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 119; vol, 5, p. 182, No. 973.
Shell orbicularly-conoidal, thin, small, pellucid, shining, yellowishbrown; whorls 6, depressly sub-convex, striated, evenly painted with longitudinal, equidistant, scarlet spots, the last keeled, above marked with transverse, obscure fine strife, beneath more convex, spotless, deeply umbilicated; aperture sub-rotund, anteriorly sub-angulated; peristome acute, fragile.
Diam., 7; height, 4 mill.
Hab., Auckland Islands.
HELIX SCIADIUM, Pfeiffer.
Helix sciadium, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1857, p. 108; M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 112; vol. 5, p. 183, No. 979.
Shell umbilicated, conoidly semi-globose, rather solid, sub-arcuately striated, fulvous, obscurely variegated with reddish; spire convexlyconoidal, rather acute at the apex; suture margined; whorls 5½, slightly convex, the last not descending, acutely keeled at the periphery, at the base a little more convex; umbilicus almost equalling one quarter of the diameter; aperture slightly oblique, angularly lunar ; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin slightly expanded.
Diam., greatest, 5 1/3; least, 5; height 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
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HELIX (CHAROPA) ALPHA., Pfeiffer.
Helix alpha, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 112; vol. 5, p. 183, No. 981. Helix stipulata, Reeve.
Shell umbilicated, conical, keeled, obliquely finely striated and distantly lamellarly-ribbed, variegated with brown and yellow streaks; spire rather convexly-conical, apex rather obtuse; whorls 5½, slightly convex, the last not descending, acutely denticulately keeled, flat at the base, sub-angulated at the moderate, pervious umbilicus; aperture diagonal, somewhat hatchet-shaped; peristome simple, straight, upper margin short, basal margin arcuated, sub-vertically ascending towards the columella.
Diam., greatest, 4 1/3; least, 4 , height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (CHAROPA) BETA, Pfeiffer.
Helix beta, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1854; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 112; vol. 5, p. 183, No. 982.
Shell umbilicated, trochiformed, keeled, thin, arcuately strongly plaited, fulvous, broadly spotted with chestnut; spire elevated, convexly-conical, rather acute; suture margined; whorls 7, narrow, flattish, the last somewhat receding, not descending, ciliated towards the keel, slightly convex at the base; umbilicus narrow; aperture oblique, angularlylunar; peristome simple, straight, basal margin regularly arcuated.
Diam., greatest, 3 1/3; height, 3 1/3.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (THALASSIA) CELINDE, Gray.
Nanina Celinde, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 164. Helix Celinde, Pfr., M.H.V, vol. 3, p. 125; vol. 5, p. 202, No. 1132.
Shell sub-perforated, rather depressed, membranaceously-plaited, pale brown; spire conoidal, rather acute; whorls 5, firmly pressed together, the last sub-carinated, not descending, rather convex at the base, impressed in the middle; aperture oblique, sub-triangularlv lunar; peristome sub-labiated, margins remote, joined to a small callus, somewhat straight, basal margin somewhat straitened.
Diam., greatest, 4; least, 3¾ height, 2 1/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (LAOMA) LEIMONIAS, Gray.
Bulimus Leimonias, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 167. Helix Leimonias, Pfr., M.H.Y., vol. 3, p. 144; vol. 5, p. 221, No. 1321.
Shell sub-imperforated, turretedly-conical, rather solid, smooth, shining, pellucid, pale horny, reddish spotted; spire turreted, rather acute; whorls 7, flat, the last acutely keeled, flat beneath; aperture sub-vertical, depressly quadrangular, crowded with three strong white lamellae, one
xvii
on the wall of the aperture, two on the right margin; peristome simple, straight.
Diam., 2 1/3; height, 2 2/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (XANTHOMELON) PACHYSTYLA, Pfeiffer.
Helix pachystyla, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1845, p. 71; M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 19; vol. 5, p. 226, No. 1360; Cox, M.A.L.S., 1868, p. 40, pl. 6, fig. 8; Reeve, Conch. Icon., No. 364.
Shell imperforate, depressly-globose, solid, heavy, striated, decussated with concentric lines, whitish, covered with a dull green, blackish, radiating epidermis; spire short; whorls 5½, rapidly increasing, the last inflated, anteriorly shortly deflected; columella oblique, dilated, callous, white, obscurely and broadly unidentated; aperture irregularly lunatelyrounded, within lacteous; peristome straight, within thickened, basal margin somewhat reflexed.
Diam., greatest, 43; least, 38; height, 37 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
N.B.—Dr. Cox describes the Australian specimens of the above species, as follows:—
Shell imperforate, globular, solid, glossy, faintly wrinkled with lines of growth, having finer striae between, and decussated with still fainter concentric and oblique rugose striœ, covered with reddish-yellowish, or greenish-brown epidermis, generally streaked with brown; spire very short, obtuse; suture indistinctly crenulated; whorls 5 to 5½, convex, rapidly increasing, the last inflated, shortly deflected anteriorly; aperture nearly diagonal, irregularly lunately-rounded; peristome white, thickened, slightly reflected, especially at the base, columellar margin expanded, hollowed, nearly straight within, and forming an obsolete broad tooth, externally spread over the umbilicus, edges connected by a callus.
Diam., greatest 1·80, least 1·50, height 1·30 of an inch.
Hab., Facing Isle, Port Curtis, Dunk Isle, Cape Upstart, and Wide Bay (MacGillivray); Port Denison and Rockhampton, Queensland (Cox). A more ponderous shell is found in N.W. Australia.
HELIX KIVI, Gray.
Nanina Kivi, Gray, Dieff. Trav., vol. 1, p. 262. Helix Kivi, Pfr., M.H.V, vol. 1, p. 192 ; vol. 5, p. 232, No. 1394.
Shell imperforated, turbinated, white, thin, obliquely closely striated, adorned with short, irregular, oblique, purple-brown streaks; spire sub-conical, obtuse; whorls 6, flattish, the last rounded, convex at the base, white, smooth; aperture broad, lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin somewhat reflected.
Diam., greatest, 10; least, 9; height, 8 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
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HELIX VENULATA, Pfeiffer.
Helix venulata, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1857, p. 108; M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 163; vol. 5, p. 232, No. 1395.
Shell imperforated, depressed, thin, closely plicately-striated, downy, variegated with corneous and reddish markings, disposed in streaks and spots; spire slightly elevated ; whorls 4½, convex, gradually increasing, the last not descending, impressed in the middle of the base; aperture vertical, elongately-lunar; peristome simple, right margin straight, basal margin somewhat reflexed, columellar margin bent downwards, subcallous, adnate.
Diam., greatest, 6; least, 5; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (CHAROPA) PORTIA, Gray.
Helix Portia, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 165; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 154; vol. 5, p. 246, No. 1505.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, thinnish, sculptured with closely-set, elevated, sub-arcuated plaits, covered sparsely with rather rigid hairs, horny, variegated with rufous spots and streaks; spire short, convex; whorls 5½, rather convex, regularly increasing, the last somewhat inflated beneath the suture, not descending anteriorly, sub-compressed at the base about a moderate, pervious umbilicus; aperture oblique, rotundlylunar; peristome simple, margins nearly united, the upper part arcuately protracted below the insertion, the basal part shortly reflexed, ascending obliquely to the umbilicus.
Diam., greatest, 8; least, 7; height, 4 mill.
Hab. New Zealand (Greenwood, Strange).
HELIX (CHAROPA) KAPPA, Pfeiffer.
Helix kappa, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 154; vol. 5, p. 246, No. 1506. Helix collyrula, Reeve.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, ribbed, ribs bearing hair-like filaments, not shining, homy, obscurely variegated with rufous ; spire extremely short, rather convex ; suture impressed; whorls 5, rather convex, gradually increasing, the last not descending, rounded; umbilicus narrow, pervious; aperture vertical, depressed, lunar; peristome somewhat simple, margins remote, the right margin straight, basal margin shortly reflexed, columellar margin obliquely ascending.
Diam., greatest, 5 1/3; least, 5; height, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
HELIX (RHYTIDA) GREENWOODI, Gray
Helix Greenwoodi, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 165 ; Pfr., M.H.V. vol. 3, p. 156; vol. 5, p. 247, No. 1520.
Shell umbilicated, convexly-depressed, thinnish, throughout very closely rugosely-granulated, slightly shining, fuscous with an olive-green tinge;
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spire smallish, convex, rather obtuse; suture impressed; whorls 4, rather convex, rapidly increasing, the last large, strengthened at the periphery with many elevated, obtuse, backwardly-descending bands, anteriorly descending, a little convex at the base, sub-compressed at the entrance of the chestnut-coloured, funnel-shaped umbilicus; aperture very oblique, oblongly oval, within shining, whitish; peristome simple, margins closely united, superior portion straight, bent backwards, inferior portion thickish, dilated and reflexed towards the columella.
Diam., greatest, 23½; least, 19; height, 12 mill.
Hab., Auckland, New Zealand (Greenwood).
HELIX (RHYTIDA) DUNNIÆ, Gray.
Helix Dunniœ, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1841 p. 317; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 207; vol. 5, p. 256, No. 1587.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, fuscous, keeled, irregularly granularly striated; spire slightly elevated, obtuse; whorls 4, flattened, the last slightly descending anteriorly, convex beneath, compressed around a moderate, funnel-shaped umbilicus; aperture very oblique, irregular, transversely oblong, laterally spread out; peristome simple, superior margin depressed, dilated in front, columellar margin shortly reflexed.
Diam., greatest. 24; least, 20; height, 11 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (RHAGADA) REINGA, Gray.
Helix Reinga, Gray, Unpub. List N.Z. Shells, pl. 1, fig. 11, 12; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 289; vol. 5, p. 302, No. 1965.
Shell perforated, perforation covered, globosely-depressed, rather solid, obliquely finely striated, whitish, adorned with a single chestnut-coloured band, and with many orange-coloured lines; spire sub-elevated; whorls 5½ rather convex, gradually increasing, the last convex beneath, descending anteriorly; aperture very oblique, narrow, sub-triangularly lunar; peristome shortly expanded, within white-lipped, columellar margin straightish, obscurely and obtusely unidentated.
Diam., greatest, 15; least, 13; height, 10 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
HELIX (DORCASIA) TARANAKI, Gray.
Helix Taranaki, Gray, N.Z., pl. 1, figs. 6, 7; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 378; vol., 5, p. 379, No. 2487.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather solid, pale horny, rather shining, above closely striated with rib-like striæ, at the base smoother; spire a little elevated; whorls 5, somewhat convex, the last broader, anteriorly slightly descending; umbilicus moderate, pervious; aperture transversely lunately-oval; peristome thin, expanded, within shining white, basal margin rather straight, reflexed, columellar- margin dilated, opened.
K
xx
Diam., greatest, 17; least, 14; height, 8 mill.
Hab., New Zealand. Possession Island, Torres Strait (Ince).
Note. In the Mon. Austr. Land Shells, Dr. Cox has placed the foregoing shell among the synonyms of H. Delessertiana which he thus describes at page 61:
Helix Delessertiana, Le Guill.
Helix Delessertiana Le Guill., Revue Zool., 1842, p. 138. Helix Taranaki Gray, M.SS. and Pfr., (as above). Helix Torresiana, Homb. et Jacq., Voy. au Pole Sud.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, rather solid, rather shining, closely, regularly, and rather strongly striately ribbed, either white, or rather glossy, or pale horny; spire slightly prominent, suture rather impressed; whorls 5, slightly convex, the last convex and rather tumid, scarcely descending in front; base with ribs smoother than above, umbilicus moderate, deep; aperture lunately-ovate, slightly broader than high; peristome thin, expanded, white within, margins approximating, columellar margin scarcely expanded above, and slightly reflected.
Diam., greatest, 0-70; least, 0-57; height, 0-35 of an inch.
Hab., Islands of Torres Strait, from Nogo Island, on the south, to Warrior Island, on the north (MacGillivray).
Bulimus, Scopoli.
Shell oblong or turreted; aperture with unequal longitudinal margins, toothless or dentate; columella entire, revolute externally or nearly simple; peristome simple or expanded. Animal like Helix.— Woodward.
BULIMUS (PLACOSTYLUS) BOVINUS, Bruguiere.
Bulimus bovinus, Brag., Coll., No. 368; Petit Journ. Conch., 1853; Crosse, Journ. Conch., vol. xii., 1864; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 6, p. 82, No. 721. Bulimus Shongii, Lesson, Voy. de la Coq.; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 2, p. 140. Bulimus auris-bovina, Petit—Crosse.
Shell imperforate, oblongly-conical, solid, rugosely-striated, covered with an olivaceous-rufous epidermis, banded by whitish at the suture; spire conical, rather acute; whorls 7, convex, the last shorter than the spire, sub-compressed at the base; columella arcuated; aperture oblongly oval, within cherry-red, sub-caniculated at the base; peristome very thick, armed at the base with a moderate tuberculous callus, margins united by a callus, columellar margin dilated, prominent.
Length, 67; diam., 27. Aperture, long, 28; broad, 13 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
BULIMUS NOVOSEELANDICUS, Pfeiffer.
Bulimus Novoseelandicus, Pfr., Malak. 81., viii., 1861, p. 149; Crosse, Journ. Conch., xii., 1864; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 6, p. 83, No. 722.
Shell imperforate, ovately oblong, solid, irregularly rugosely striated, fulvous-brown, occasionally streaked with chestnut; spire ovately-conical,
xxi
flesh-coloured on the upper portion, apex rather acute; suture ragged, widely-margined with white; whorls 6, moderately convex, the last equalling the length of the spire, sub-attenuated at the base; columella vertical, scarcely tortuous; aperture sub-vertical, rhomboidly-semioval, within yellowish-white; peristome thick, white, margins united by a white callus, the right margin rather expanded, slightly arcuated, within the upper part slightly sinuous, basal and columellar margins dilated.
Length, 77; diam., 31. Aperture within, length, 35; breadth, 15.
Hab., Wangaruru, near Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter).
Note.—Eggs testaceous, oval, length, 7 mill; young shell, subperforate, thin, pale-horny.
BULIMUS ANTIPODARUM, Gray.
Bulimus antipodarum, Gray, Dieff. Trav., vol. 1, p. 247 ; Revue Zool., 1844, p. 373; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 2, p. 227; vol, 6, p. 153, No. 1304.
Shell oblong, imperforate, smooth, pale fuscous, covered with a palefuscous, opaque epidermis, variegated profusely with dark lines, principally at the suture, apex obtuse, rubicund; whorls rather convex; aperture-; peristome-?; specimen not adult; whorls 4, the last 1 inch in diam.; axis, 1 inch (Gray).
Hab., New Zealand (Dieffenbach).
Note.—Similar to B. fulgetrum, Brod., see vol. 2, p. 31, No. 79.
Tobnatella, Lamarck.
Shell solid, ovate, with a conical, many-whorled spire; spirally-grooved or punctate-striate; aperture long, narrow, rounded in front; outer lip sharp; columella with a strong, tortuous fold; operculum horny, elliptical, lamellar. Animal white; head truncated and slightly notched in front, furnished posteriorly with recumbent tentacular lobes, and small eyes behind them, near their inner bases; foot oblong, lateral lobes slightly reflected on the shell. Lingual teeth, 12-12, similar, with long simple hooks.
TORNATELLA NOVOSEELANDICA, Pfeiffer.
Tornatella Novoseelandica, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 524; vol. 6, p. 263, No. 22. Elasmatina reclusiana, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 167.
Shell oblongly-turreted, thin, smooth, shining, fulvous-horny; spire turreted; rather acute; whorls 5, somewhat convex, the last one-third of the length of shell, rounded at the base; parietal fold deep, moderate; columella callous, white, upper portion tortuously-subtruncated; aperture hardly oblique, somewhat ear-shaped; peristome thin, acute.
Length, 3½; breadth, 1½. Aperture, length, 1 1/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
Pupa, Draparnaud.
Shell rimate or perforate, cylindrical or oblong; aperture rounded, often toothed; margins distant, mostly united by a callous lamina.
xxii
Animal with a short foot, pointed behind; lower tentacles short.Woodward.
PUPA NOVOSEELANDICA, Pfeiffer.
Pupa Novoseelandica, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851; vol. 3, p. 530; vol. 6, p. 299, No. 76.
Shell perforated, sub-cylindrical, thin, obliquely closely ribbed, deepfuscous, variegated with straw-coloured spots, principally about the impressed suture; spire as it proceeds upwards scarcely attenuated, apex sub-rotund; whorls 7½, rather convex, the last not reaching to one-third of the entire length of the shell, rounded; aperture sub-vertical, semi-circular, toothless; peristome, simple, straight, margins remote, columellar margin slightly dilated above.
Length, 4¾ diam., 2. Aperture, length, 1 1/3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange).
Balea, Prideaux.
Shell slender, usually sinistral, fusiform, multispiral, aperture ovate; peristome acute, margins unequal, wall of the aperture with one slight plait; columella simple. Animal snail-like; teeth 20·20; rows, 130 (Thomson). —From Woodward.
BALEA PEREGRIN A, Gould.
Balea peregrina, Gould, Pro. Bost. Soc., 1848; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 583; vol. 6, p. 395, No. 11.
Shell small, sinistral, elongated, sub-fusiform, solid, opaque, rufouscinereous, hardly striated, perforated; spire mamillated at the apex; whorls 8, flattened, sub-tabulated; suture linear, deep; aperture subquadrate; peristome entire, equal, slightly reflexed.
Length ⅜ diam., 1-10tli of an inch.
Hab., New Zealand.
From Pfeiffer's "Monographia Pneumonoporum Viventium," vol. 1, with two Supplements; 1865.
Diplommatina, Benson.
Shell minute, conical, with costulated whorls; peristome double; operculum horny, multispiral.—Woodward.
DIPLOMMATINA CHORDATA, Pfeiffer.
Diplommatina chordata, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1855, p. 105; M. Pn. V., Suppl. 1, p. 12; Suppl. 2, p. 11, No. 13; H. and J. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 11, p. 287.
Shell sinistral, deeply rimated, sub-fusiform, thin, smooth, strengthened with somewhat distant, cord-shaped ribs, diaphanous, waxy-whitish; spire ovately-conical, apex acute; whorls 7, convex, the last attenuated,
xxiii
ascending anteriorly; aperture slightly oblique, sub-circular; peristome double; the inner one continuous, shortly adnate, otherwise rather expanded; the outer one shortly spread out.
Length, 4; diam., 2. Aperture, length, 1½ mill.
Hab., New Zealand (Strange); variety, Lord Howe's Island (MacGillivray).
Cyclophorus, Montfort.
Shell depressed, openly umbilicated; aperture circular; peristome continuous, straight, or expanded ; epidermis thick; operculum horny, many-whorled. Animal -with long, slender pointed tentacles; foot broadly expanded, not grooved.—Woodward.
CYCLOPHORUS LIGNARIUS, Pfeiffer.
Cyclostoma lignarium, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1857, p. 112. Cyclophorus lignarius, Pfr., M. Pn. V, Suppl. 1, p. 44; Suppl. 2, p. 64, No. 24.
SHELL narrowly umbilicated, turbinated, rather thin, obliquely irregularly striated, rufous, covered with an opaque woody epidermis; spire conical, rather acute; whorls 5-5½, convex, the last flatter at the base; aperture diagonal, ovately-rotund; peristome double; the outer one membranaceous, narrowly expanded, excised at the adjoining whorl. Operc.?
Diam., greatest, 5; least, 4 2/3 height, 4. Aperture, length, 2 2/3 mill.
CYCLOPHORUS CYTORA, Gray.
Cyclophorus cytora, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 67; Cat. Cycloph., p. 23, No. 38 ; Pfr., M. Pn. V., vol. 1, p. 86; Suppl. 2, p. 71, No. 121.
SHELL minute, trochiform, rather solid, brown, closely and uniformly spirally striated, crossed by slight wrinkles; spire conical, nearly as high as broad, with the apex sub-acute; whorls 5½ moderately convex, the last" rounded and convex in front; aperture diagonal, nearly circular; peristome simple, straight, thickened internally, with the margins approximate, united by a thin callus. Operculum horny, of a few rapidly enlarging whorls.
Height, 0·08; breadth, O·1 inch.
Auckland (Greenwood), in the British Museum.
REALIA, Gray.
Shell turreted or turbinate, perforated; peristome simple, straight or expanded ; operculum pauci-spiral, horny.—Woodward.
REALIA HOCHSTETTERT, Pfeiffer.
Realia Hochstetteri, Pfr., Malak. 81., viii., 1861, p. 149; M. Pn V., Supp. 2, p. 170, No. 1.
SHELL perforated, ovately-turreted, rather solid, somewhat closely plaited, fuscous ; spire convexly turreted, rather acute at the crown; suture inconsiderable, bound with a thread-like margin ; whorls 7½, slightly
xxiv
convex, the last nearly equalling one-third of the length of the shell, below the middle sub-acutely carinated with a thread-like carination, strengthened about the perforation with another small keel; aperture vertical, ovately-rotund, sub-angulated above; peristome double—the inner one scarcely porrected —the outer one broadly expanded, concentrically striated, narrow and adnate at the contiguous whorl.
Length, 9 ; diam., 4. Aperture, length, 2½ mill.
Hab., Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter).
REALIA EGEA, Gray.
Realia egea, Gray, P,Z.S, 1849, p. 167 ; Cat. Cycloph., p. 64, No. 9 ; Pfr., M. Pn. V., Supp. 1, p. 153 ; Supp. 2, p. 170, No. 2.
Sub-perforate, turreted, rather solid, covered with a distantly folded, fuscous, scarcely shining periostraca; apex rather pointed; suture middle, folded ; whorls 6½, moderately convex, last obtusely keeled, painted below the keel with a dark chestnut-coloured band; aperture somewhat oblique, ovate; inner edge of peristome continuous, slightly expanded, angled above ; outer edge somewhat interrupted, dilated, bellshaped, incurved.
Length, -35 ; breadth, 16 inch.
EEALIA TURRICULATA, Pfeiffer.
Realia twrriculata, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1854, p. 304 ; M. Pn. V., Suppl. 1, p. 153 ; Suppl. 2, p. 170, No. 3. Hydrocena turriculata, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 11, p. 299.
Shell sub-perforated, slender, turreted, rather solid, finely striated, a little shining, blackish, marked with a pale band at the basal portion, or ornamented with angular alternating black-chestnut and yellowishwhite streaks, becoming blackish towards the base; spire elongate, rather obtuse at the apex; whorls 7-7½, moderately convex, the last nearly equalling one-third the length of the shell, obscurely sub-angulated beneath ; apex vertical, angularly-oval ; peristome continuous, double— the inner one shortly porrected—the outer one narrowly expanded, inflexed.
Length, 9 ; diam., 3 2/3 Aperture, length, 3 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
REALIA CARINELLA, Pfeiffer.
Realia carinella, Pfr., Malak. 81., viii., 1861, p. 150; M. Pn. V., Suppl. 2, p. 170, No. 4.
SHELL perforated, turreted, rather solid, obliquely striated with small plait-like strise, brown, faintly-marbled ; spire elongated, apex somewhat obtuse ; suture margined with a thread-like edging ; whorls 7, slightly convex, the last scarcely exceeding one-third of the entire length of shell, carinated and strengthened about the perforation with a compressed crest-like appendage ; aperture vertical, oval, angulated above ; peristome
xxv
fuscous, double; the internal one continuous, the external narrowed at the penultimate whorl, in other respects, opened, slightly reflexed.
Length, 7 ; diam., 3¼. Aperture, length, 2¼ mill.
Hab., Drury, Taupiri, New Zealand (Hochsteter).
HYDROCENA. Parreyss.
Operculum horny, few-whorled. Shell imperforate, or umbilicated, globosely turbinated, ovate or turreted ; aperture oval or semi-circular ; peristome simple, straight, or expanded, margins disconnected, columellar margin sub-callous.—Pfeiffer.
HYDEOCENA PUECHASI, Pfeiffer.
Hydrocena Purchasi, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1861, p. 150; M. Pn. V., Suppl. 2, p. 172, No. 13.
SHELL sub-perforated, turriculated, somewhat smooth, translucid, hornyfuscous ; spire conical, rather obtuse ; whorls 5, convex, the last slightly exceeding one-third of the entire length of shell; aperture a little oblique, sub-circular; peristome simple, straight, very shortly interrupted at the contiguous whorl, left margin slightly reflexed.
Length, 2 ; diam., 1 mill.
Hab., Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Purchas, Hochstetter).
OMPHALOTROPIS. Pfeiffer.
Operculum thin, homy, few-whorled. Shell perforated, or narrowly umbilicated, turreted, or globosely-turbinated, keeled around the perforation; aperture oval; peristome disconnected, straight or expanded.—Pfeiffer.
OMPHALOTROPIS VESTITA. Pfeiffer.
Hydrocena vestita, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1855, p. 106 ; M. Pn. V., Suppl. 1, p. 166. Omphalotropis vestita, Pfr., M. Pn. V., Suppl. 2, p. 179, No. 30.
SHELL perforated, oblongly-conical, thin, striated and spirally closely ridged, covered with a somewhat fuscous epidermis ; spire pyramidical, rather acute; whorls 6, flat, the last armed below the middle with an acute keel, and about the perforation with a second ; aperture hardly oblique, sub-angularly oval; peristome simple, straight, margins converging. Operculum fuscous.
Length, 5 ; diam., 3. Aperture, length, 2 mill.
Hab., New Zealand.
xxvi
The following have also been said by Professor Macalister to occur in New Zealand.
HELIX CONIFORMIS, Férrusac.
Helix coniformis (Helicostyla), Fér. pr., 321, Hist., pi. 108, fig. 1; Wood., Suppl., pi. 7, fig- 20; Lamarck, ed. Dh., 160, p. 103. Helix turbinata, Desh., Encycl. Meth., 11, p. 265, No. 150. Helix Tuffetii, Lesson, Voy. de la Coq., p. 313, pi. 10, fig. 3, Geotrochus Touffetii, Beck, ind., p. 47.
SHELL imperforate, orbicularly-conoidal, smooth, whitish-fuscous, ornamented with fuscous bands, often articulated ; suture deep ; whorls 5, convex, the last rather flat beneath, descending anteriorly; aperture very oblique, large, oval; peristome white, thin, broadly expanded, margins closely united, basal margin reflexed, columellar maigin dilated, adpressed.
Diam., greatest, 24; least, 18; height, 18 mill.
Hab., New Ireland.
HELIX HYSTRIX, Mighels.
Helix hystrix, Migh., Pfr., M.H.Y., vol. 1, p .116; vol. 5, p. 222, No. 1330. Helix setiyera, Gould. Sched.
SHELL umbilicated, depressed, sub-discoidal, regularly ribbed, hornyluteous, hirsute, hairs straight, rigid, deciduous, rufously tessellated above ; spire flat, sub-immersed in the middle ; whorls 5, convex, the last descending, decussated at the base with raised lines, sometimes very obscure ; umbilicus broad, perspective ; aperture lunately-subcircular ; peristome simple, acute.
Hab., Sandwich. Islands ; Walioo.
HELIX RADIARIA, Pfeiffer.
Helix radiaria, Pfr., P.Z.S., 1854, p. 55 ; M.H. N 7 ., vol. 4, p. 166 ; vol. 5, p. 234, No. 1414; Reeve, Conch. Icon., No. 1322, pi. 189.
SHELL perforated, perforation somewhat covered, trochiformed, rather thin, finely striated, a little shining, diaphanous, yellowish-white, irregularly marked above with light red streaks ; spire conoidal, apex rather obtuse ; whorls s½, rather convex, gradually increasing, the last not descending, very obscurely angled at the periphery, one-coloured, and flattish beneath; aperture nearly diagonal, lunar, shining within; peristome somewhat simple, margin remote, the right margin forwardly dilated, straight, basal margin thick, bent downwards, somewhat dilated above.
Diam., greatest, 10 ; least, 9 ; height, 7 mill.
Hab., Solomon Islands.
xxvii
HELIX RUBRICATA, Gould ; this shell is considered as a synonym by Pfeiffer of—
HELIX NOULETI, Le Guill.
Helix Nouleti, Le Guill.; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 4, p. 58; vol. 5, p. 116, No. 471; Reeve, Conch. Ic., No. 405, pi. 77. Helix (Nanina) rubricata, Gould, Exped. Sh., 1846, p. 25 ; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 1, p. 69; vol. 3, p. 71. Helix inornata, Homb. and Jacq., Yoy. Pol. Sud, Zool., vol. 5, p. 7, pl. 4, figs. 11—14. Nanina Nouleti, Gray, Cat. Pulm., p. 128. Nanina rubricata, Gould, Exped. Sh., 1851, p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 66. Nanina (Hemiplecta), H. and A. Adams, Gen., 11, p. 223.
SHELL sub-perforated, rather semi-globose, solid, closely obliquely striated above, somewhat decussated with spiral striæ, shining, black-fuscous; spire sub-conoidal, inclining to rufous; whorls 5½, rather convex, gradually increasing, the last wider, rotund, not descending anteriorly, somewhat smooth beneath (slightly marked with radiating striæ) ; aperture slightly oblique, lunar, lurid within; peristome simple, right margin straight, sub-arcuated in front, columellar margin callous, bent downwards, on the upper part shortly reflexed upon the perforation. Diam., greatest, 29 ; least, 25 ; height, 15 mill. Hab., Viti and Solomon Islands.
HELIX VITREA, Férrusac.
Helix vitrea, Férr., Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 5, p. 329, No. 2165, and p. 501. Papuina vitrea, Wallace, P.Z.S., 1865, p. 411. Helix albula, Le Guill., Pfr., M.H.Y., vol. 1, p. 328 ; vol. 5, p. 332, No. 2179, and p. 501, No. 2165.
SHELL umbilicated, depressly-trochiformed, acutely carinated, rather thin, very closely and finely striated, under a powerful lens minutely granulated, vitriously-whitish (at the keel lined with rufous); spire conoidal, rather acute ; whorls 4½, flattish, the last slightly descending anteriorly, slightly convex at the base, very distinctly radiately-striated ; umbilicus pervious, somewhat funnel - formed; aperture oblique, depressed, elliptically-lunar; peristome somewhat broadly expanded, rather beaked at the keel, columellar margin greatly dilated, spread open.
Diam., greatest, 29 ; least, 23½ ; height, 13 mill.
Hab., in the islands Ternati, Gilolo, Batchian.
Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department.
JAMES HECTOR, M.D., F.R.S., DIRECTOR.
CATALOGUE OF THE TERTIARY MOLLUSCA AND ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ZEALAND; IN THE COLLECTION OF THE COLONIAL MUSEUM.
BY FBEDEBICK WOLLASTON HUTTON, F.G.S.,- C.M.Z.S., ASSISTANT GEOLOGIST.
Published by Command.
WÉLLINGTON.
BY AUTHORITY: G. DIDSBURY, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
1873.
PREFACE.
The Tertiary Fossils enumerated in the following Catalogue are all represented in the Colonial Museum, and, with a few exceptions, have been collected during the Geological Survey of the Colony. About eighty distinct localities for Tertiary Fossils have been examined, but the relative value of the collections from these places as palæntological evidence is very unequal, owing to the circumstances under which the collections were made. Thus in many cases the fossils are only a few chance specimens obtained during the exploration of remote and uninhabited districts ; and in only a very few instances have the collections been sufficiently exhaustive to afford reliable materials useful in the stratigraphical comparison of widely separated fossiliferous deposits.
Additional uncertainty must also arise from the fact that in certain localities two or more distinct formations occur, which could not be discriminated at the time when some of the earliest collections were formed.
The classification of the Formations adopted by Captain Hutton from the numerical proportions of the species is therefore only to be considered as a provisional attempt, but this does not detract from the value which it is hoped the Catalogue will have for the collector. Hitherto, in the absence of all artificial excavation of the rock masses, the opportunities for obtaining fossils have been few in comparison with those available in more
iv
PREFACE.
fully settled countries; but the rapid extension of railway lines and roads throughout the Islands will display in future better sections of the strata for the inspection of the geologist, and open up many new localities rich in fossil remains.
A series of lithographed plates is being prepared of the most characteristic fossils mentioned in this Catalogue, including all the newly described species, and will be issued shortly.
James Hector.
Colonial Museum, Wellington, 18th June, 1873.
CONTENTS.
Page
SUMMARY ... ... ... ... ... ... ... IX
Pteropoda ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1
Gasteropoda ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2
Lamellibranchiata ... ... ... ... ... ... 17
Brachiopda ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35
Echinodermata ... ... ... ... ... 38
ERRATA.
Page 4. Pleurotoma sulcata. For "Broken River (L) " read "Broken River (U)."
„ 6. Purpura excursa. This species must be expunged, as it is identical with Struthiolaria senex.
„ 7. Voluta pacifica. For " Var. V." read " Var. C.
„ 7. Mitro enysi. For " Broken River (U) " read " Broken River (L)."
„ 8. Insert " Marginella " before "51. M. albescens."
14. Crupta profunda is found recent at Auckland.
„ 18. Mactra inflata is found recent at Wellington.
„ 24. Lucina divaricata : add " Broken River (L)."
INTRODUCTION.
Since the Synopsis of the younger formations of New Zealand was published in the Geological Reports for last year (Geological Reports, 1871-72, p. 182), I hare visited the eastern parts of the Provinces of Marlborough and Nelson, 'and the north-east part of Canterbury, which districts include most of the more important localities for tertiary fossils ; and this, together with further additions to the collection in the Museum, has enabled me to make several important corrections in the classification there proposed. In the first place, the additional fossils from Broken River, as well as the stratigraphical rearrangement by Dr. Hector of those from the same locality previously in the collection, and a personal examination of the Waipara and Weka Pass districts, have shown me that my Waitemata group must be broken up, and the larger part of it transferred to the upper portion of the Ototara group, while the remainder must go to the Hawke Bay group, or the Ahuriri formation, as I now propose to call it, in order to assimilate the name with those of the other formations.
An examination in the field of the Culverden beds, showed me that these also must be transferred to the Ototara group, and the Weka Pass building stone to the lower part of the same formation. This necessitated the transference of the Cobden limestone also into this formation ; thus eliminating from the Waipara formation most of its tertiary looking fossils* I have, therefore, grouped all these beds together under the name of the Oamaru formation, which I hare divided into an upper or Trelissick group, and a lower or Ototara group. According to my present views, therefore, our tertiary rocks may be divided as follows:-
The following are the localities in which they are found:-
Wanganui formation.—North Island : Shakespeare Cliff, Wanganui; Patea. Awatere group.—South Island : Awatere; Motanau (L) ; Awamoa ; Hampden; Port Hills, Nelson; Mount Caverhill.
Kameri group.—South. Island : Kanieri ; Callaghan's Creek, Westland ; Lyndon; Waikari; Lower Gorge of the Waipara ; Pomahaka, Otago.
*I am however , still of opinion that the Waipara formation belongs to the Upper Cretaceous.. period
Probable Age. Formation. Group. Newer Pliocene ... Wanganui formation, 76 per cent, recent. Upper Miocene ... Pareora formation, 34 per cent, recent ... {Awatere group. Kanieri group. Lower Miocene ... Ahuriri formation, 23 per cent, recent. Upper Eocene ... Oamaru formation, 9 per cent. recent. ... {Trelissick group. Ototara group.
viii
INTRODUCTION.
In addition to the above, the following belong to the Pareora formation, but it is uncertain in which group they should be placed :
North Island : Upper Wanganui River; Hautapu Falls, Upper Rangitikei; Manawatu Gorge (upper end) ; White Cliffs, Taranaki. South Island : Conway River; Kokohu ; Pareora ; Waitaki ; Weka Pass (U).
Ahuriri formation. —North Island : Napier ; Castle Point; Taipo, on the East Coast of Wellington ; Kawau ; Cape Rodney ; Orakei Bay, Auckland (?); Waitotara. South Island: Broken River * (U); Hurunui Mound; Te Anau Lake (?).
Trelissick group.—South. Island : Broken River* (L) ; Weka Pass (M) ; Mount Brown ; Deans, Waipara; Kaipuki Cliffs ; Point Elizabeth ; Tata Island.
Ototara group.—North Island : Poverty Bay (L) ; Raglan ; Port Waikato ; Aotea ; Wangape Lake ; Wangarei; Cape Kidnappers. South Island : Cobden ; Weka Pass (L) ; Waipara (L) ; Oamaru ; Caversham ; Curiosity Shop; Brighton; Waihola Gorge.
In addition to the above, the following also belong to the Oamaru formation, but the evidence is not yet sufficient to say in which group they should be placed:South Island : Culverden ; Black-birch Creek ; Pahau ; Cape Farewell ; Takaka ; Lake Wakatiput ; Cave Creek, Mount Somers ; Tokomairiro ; Winton.
In addition to the above, beds of Pleistocene (Post-pliocene) age are found at Wanganui, Motanau, and Cape Kidnappers.
The fossils from the Chatham Islands appear to be mixed, as shells characteristic of the Kanieri group, the Ahuriri formation, and the Trelissick group are all in the collection. I think it probable that two formations occur there, one belonging to the Pareora formation, and the other intermediate between the Ahuriri and Oamaru formations. If, however, there should be only one formation present, I should be inclined to refer it to the Ahuriri period.
In the following pages, when more than one tertiary formation occurs in a locality, I have marked the upper, middle, and lower formations by the letters (U), (M), and (L) respectively, immediately after the name of the locality. I have also included in the Catalogue descriptions of a few species taken to Europe by Dr. Hochstetter, but not represented in the collection of the Colonial Museum ; these species will be found pointed out in the text.
Wellington, May, 1873.
F.W. Hutton.
*Same locality as Trelissick of previous lists.— J.H.
The limestones of Lake Wakatipu may perhaps belong to the Upper Cretaceous period (Waipara formation), as the fossils are not very characteristic, and considerably distorted.
SUMMARY.
Pareora Formation.Oamaru Formation. Remarks. Recent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Dentalium pacificum... ... * * „ conicum ... ... ... ... * ... ... * „ nanum ... ... ... ... * „ tenuis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ mantelli ... ... ... ... ... * „ irregularis... ... ... ... ... * * „ lævis ... ... ... ... ... * * Chatham Islands. „ giganteum ... ... ... ... ... * ... * * Fossil in Chile. „ solidum ... ... ... ... ... ... * Murex octogonus ... ... * * * „ zealandicus ... ... * ... * „ lyratus ... ... * ... * Typhis zealandica ... ... ... ... * Fusus pensum ... ... * ... * „ australis ... ... * ... * * „ Zealandicus ... ... * * * ... ... ... ... Chatham Islands.(?) „ „ Var. B. ... ... ... ... * „ mandarinus ... ... * ... * * * „ dilatatus ... ... * ... * * ... * „ crawfordi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ plicatilis ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ corticatus ... ... * * * „ plebeius ... ... * ... * „ linea ... ... ... * * * „ littorinoides ... ... * ... * „ triton ... ... ... * * * „ nodosus ... ... * * * „ „ var. B. ... * * * * * „ „ „ C. ... ... ... * * „ „ „ . D. ... ... ... ... * * Pleurotoma novæ zealandiæ ... * ... * „ lævis ... ... * ... * „ buchanani ... ... ... * * „ trailli ... ... ... ... ... * „ awamoaensis ... ... ... ... *
x
SUMMARY—continued.
Pareora Formation. Oamaru Formation. Remarks. Recent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Conus ornatus ... ... ... .... ... * „ trailli ... ... ... ... ... ... * Struthiolaria nodulosa ... * * * „ „ var. C ... * * „ vermis ... ... * * „ scutulata ... * ... ... * „ sulcata ... ... ... ... .... * ... * „ cingulata ... ... ... ... * „ „ var. B ... ... ... * „ cincta ... ... .... .... .... * * „ „ var. B ... ... ... ... ... * „ „ „ C ... ... ... ... ? „ tuberculata ... ... ... ... ... * „ „ var.B ... ... ... ... * „ senex ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Trichotropis inornata... ... * ... * Cerithium rugatum ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ cancellatum ... ... ... * * „ noclulosam ... ... ... ... ... ... * Rissoa vana ... ... ... ... ... ... * Turritella rosea ... ... * * * * * * gigantea ... ... ... ... ... ... * * ... * „ vittata ... ... * * * * ... * „ pagoda ... ... * * * * „ ambulacrum ... ... ... ... * ... ... ... ... Chatham Islands; fossil in Patagonia. „ tricincta ... ... ... ... * * * „ „ var. B .. ... ... ... ... * „ fulminata, var. B ... ... * * „ bicincta ... ... .... ... ... ... * „ ornata ... ... ... ... ... ... * Cladopoda zealandica ... * ... * „ monilifera ... ... ... * ... ... * Phorus onustus ... ... ... ... ... * Caljptræa maculata ... ... * * * * ... * * Trochita tenuis ... ... * * * „ dilatata ... ... ... ... ... * * Crypta costata ... ... * ... * ... * „ contorta ... ... * * ... * ... * „ incurva ... ... ... ... ... * * „ striata ... ... ... ... ... ... * ... ... * * „ profunda ... ... * ... * * .... * Pilæosis uncinatus ... ... ... * „ radiatus ... ... ... ... * Neritella niitda niitda ... ... ... .... ... ... * Turbo granosus ... ... * * ... ... * „ rubicundus ... ... * * „ superbus ... ... ... ... ... .... * Imperator imperialis ... * * *
xi
SUMMARY—continued.
Pareora Formation. Oamaru Formation. Remarks. Recdent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Pleurotoma wanganuiensis ... ... ... * „ sulcata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ hebes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ latescens... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ pagoda ... ... ... ... ... * Bela striata ... ... ... ... * * * Lachesis sulcata ... ... * ... * Triton spengleri ... ... * * „ minimus ... ... ... ... ... * ... ... * Buccinum zealandicum ... * ... * * „ costatum ... ... * ... * * „ robinsoni ... ... ... ... ... * „ inflatum ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ carinatum... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Purpura succincta ... ... * ... * „ textiliosa ... ... * ... ... ... ... * „ conoidea ... ... ... ... ... * Ancillaria australis ... ... * * * * „ hebera ... ... ... ... ... * * ... * „ pomahaka ... ... ... ... ... ... * Voluta pacifica ... ... * * * * * * „ „ var. B ... * * * * * „ „ „ C ... * * * ... ... ... ... * „ gracilicostata ... ... ... ... ... * „ kirki ... ... ... * ... ... ... ... * „ corrugata ... ... ... ... ... ... * ... ... Chatham Islands. „ „ var. B ... ... ... * * ,, elongata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * Mitra enysi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * ,, apicalis ... ... ... ... ... ... * Marginella albescens ... ... * ... ... * „ dubia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * ,, ventricosa... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Volvaria ficoides ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Cassis pyrum ... ... ... * „ striatus... ... ... * * Cassidaria sulcata ... ... ... ... ... ... * Natica zealandica ... ... * * * * „ yitrea ... ... ... * * * „ solida ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * ? ... Chatham Islands. Fossil in Chile. „ ovata ... ... ... ... ... * * * * * * „ callosa... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ? Sigaretus subglobosus ... ... ... * ... ... ... ... F oss il in Chile. Scalaria browni ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ lyrata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * * „ intermedia ... ... ... ... * „ rotunda ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Odostomia lactea ... ... * ... *
xii
SUMMARY—continued.
Pareora Formation. Oamaru Formaion. Remarks. Recent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Rotella zealandica ... ... * * * * Trochus stoliczkai ... ... ... ... ... * „ circinatus ... ... ... ... ... * * Polydonta tiarata ... ... * * * Labio hectori ... ... * * Monilea zealandica ... ... * * Gibbula san guinea ... ... * * „ nitida ... ... * * ... * ... ... * Haliotis iris ... ... ... ... ... ... ? Emarginula striatula... ... * ... * * Tugali elegans ... ... * ... * Buccinulus kirki ... ... * ... * „ albus ... ... * ... * Siphonaria denticulata ... * * Amphibola avellana ... ... * * Cylichna striata ... ... * ... ... * „ enysi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Pholadidea tridens ... ... * * * Panopsæ zealandica ... ... * * ... ... * „ plicata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ worthingtoni ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Saxicava arctica ... ... * * ... * Corbula zealandica ... ... * „ macilenta ... ... ... * * „ dubia ... ... ... ... * * Næera kirki ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Myodora striata ... ... * * Mactra discors ... ... * * ... * „ æquilatera ... ... * * „ inflata ... ...* ... ... * * ,, attenuata ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... * „ rudis ... ... ... * „ elegans ... ... ... * Thracia granulosa ... ... ... * Mu-linia notata ... ... * * Lutraria solida ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ sulcata ... ... ... ... ... * Zenatia acinaces ... ... * * * * Darina pusilla ... ... * * * Psammobia stangeri ... * * ... * „ lineolata ... * * * * Hiatula nitida ... ... * ... ... * Tellina albinella ... ... * * ... * „ deltoidalis ... ... * * „ lintea ... ... * * Mesodesma chemnitzii ... * * „ cuneata ... * * „ grandis ... ... ... ... ... ... * Venus zealandica ... ... * * * * *
xiii
SUMMARY —continued.
Pareora Formation. Oamaru Formation. Remarks. Recent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Venus oblonga ... ... * ... ... ? Chione vellicata ... ... ... ... ... * * * Chatham Islands. „ acuminata ... ... ... ... .... ... * „ stuchburyi ... ... * * ... * „ mesodesma ... ... * * * „ gibbosa ... ... * * * „ assimilis ... ... ... ... * „ yatei ... ... * * Cytherea enysi ... ... ... ... ... ... * * Callista disrupta ... ... * * * „ elegans ... ... ... ... ... ... * Dosinea subrosea ... ... * * * * * * „ magna ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ grayi ... ... ... * * * * Cyclina kroyeri ... ... * ... * „ dispar ... ... ... ... ... ? „ Tapes intermedia ... ... * * ... * „ curta ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Cardium striatulum ... ... * * * * Chatham Islands. „ greyi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ patulum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ spatiosum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Protocardium serum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Venericardia australis ... * * * * ... * Chatham Islands. „ intermedia ... ... ... ... * * * * „ „ var. B. ... ... ... ... * Lucina divaricata ... ... * ... ... * Mysia zealandica ... ... * * * * Crassatella arnpla ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ attenuata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ trailli ... ... ... ... ... * Mytilicardia excavata ... * ... * Astarte australis ... ... ... ... ... * Unio aucklandica ... ... * ... ? „ inflata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Mytilus magellanieus ... * * * Crenella discors ... ... * ... * „ elongata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Modiola albicosta ... ... * * * * * ... * „ sp. ind. ... ... ... ... ... ... * Lithodomus striatus ... ... ... ... * Perna zealandica ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Pinna lata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ zealandica ... ... * * * * „ plicata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ distans ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Trigonia pectinata ... ... ... ... ... * Living in Australia. „ semiundulata ... ... ... ... * Barbatia sinuata ... ... * * *
xiv
SUMMARY —continued.
Pareora Formation. Oamaru Formation. Remarks. Recent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Cucullæa ponderosa ... ... ... ... ... ? ... ? „ „ var. B ... ... ... ... ... * ... ... * „ worthngtoni ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ alta ... ... ... ... ... ... * * * * Fossil in Patagonia. „ „ B ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ attenuata ... ... ... ... ... * ... ... * * Pectunculus striatularis ... * * „ laticostatus ... * * * * * * ... * „ globosus ... ... ... ... * * * ... * „ traversi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Chatham Islands. „ cordatus ... ... ... ... ... * Limopsis insolita ... ... ... ... ... ... * ... ... ... Fossil in Patagonia. „ zealandica ... ... ... ... ... * Solenella cumingi ... ... * * ... ... * „ australis ... ... ... ... ... * * Pecten zealandiæ ... ... * * * „ radiatus ... ... * * * ... ... * „ gemmulatus ... ... * ... * „ williamsoni ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ chathamensis ... ... ... ... ... ... * ... Chatham Islands. „ scandula ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ fischeri ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ delicatula ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * ... ... Chatham Islands. „ semiplicata ... ... ... ... ... .. ... * „ secta ... ... ... ... ... * * * „ venosum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ hochstetteri ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ hectori ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * Chatham Islands. „ laticostatus ... ... * * * „ triphooki ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ accrementa ... ... ... ... ... * ... * „ diffluxa ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ hutchinsohi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ beethami ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ „ var. B ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ crawfordi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ athleta ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ burnetti ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * * „ polymorphoides ... ... ... ... ... ... * * * „ vellicatus ... ... * * * ... ... * „ zittelli ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Hinnites trailli ... ... ... ... ... * Lima lævigata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ colorata ... ... ... ... ... * „ paucisulcata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ paleata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ multiradiata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ crassa ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ linguatula var. B ... ... * *
xv
SUMMARY —continued.
Pareora Formation. Oamaru Formation. Remarks. Recent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Lima bullata ... ... * ... ... ... * * * Placunanomia sp. ind. ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ incisura ... .... ... ... * Ostrea purpurea ... ... * * * * „ virginica ... ... * * * „ lutaria ... ... * * „ nelsoniana ... ... ... ... ... * ... * * „ wullerstorfi ... ... ... ... ... ... .... * * „ ingens ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ subdentata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ incurva ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ corrugata ... ... ... ... * Gryphæa tarda ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Chatham Islands. Waldhemia lenticularis ... * * ... ... ... * * * Chatham Islands. „ concentrica ... ... ... ... ... ... * * ... Chatham Islands. „ triangulare ... ... .... * ... .... * * „ sinuata ... ... ... ... ... * ... * * „ patagonica ... ... ... * * ... ... * * Fossil in Patagonia. „ tapirina ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... * „ gravida ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... * * Terebratella cruenta ... ... * * „ rubicunda ... * * „ dorsata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * ... Living in Patagonia. „ gaulteri ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ suessii ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * Chatham Islands. Magas cummgi ... ... * * * * „ evansi ... ... * ... * Rhynchonella nigricans ... * ... * * ... * * * „ squamosa ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Pentacrinus stellatus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Chatham Islands. „ rotatus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Astropecten sandersoni ... ... ... ... ... * Cidaris striata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Echinus chloroticus ... ... * ... * „ albocinctus ... ... * ... * „ enysi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Arachnoides zealandia ... * * ... * ... * „ conica ... ... ... ... ... * Caratomus nuperus ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... * Nucleolites papillosus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Hemipatagus formosuS ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ tuberculatus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Macropneustes cordatus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ spatangiformis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ australis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... * Eupatagus greyi ... .... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Amphidotus sulcatus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Brissus eximius ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Brissiopsis hectori ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *
xvi
SUMMARMY —continued.
Pareora Formation. Oamaru Formation. Remarks. Recent. Pleistocene. Wanganui Formation Awatere Group. Kanieri Group. Ahuriri Formation. Trelissick Group. Ototara Group. Brissiopsis alta ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Kleinia conjuncta ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Hemiaster posita ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Meoma'crawfordi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ tuberculata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ brevipetala ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * Schizaster rotundatus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * „ lyoni ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * * „ exoletus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *
TERTIARY FOSSILS OF NEW ZEALAND.
MOLLUSCA.
Class — Pteropoda.
Family- dentaliidæ.
DENTALIUM.
1. D. pacificum, Hutton, Cat, Marine Moll., p. 5.
Localities.—Motanau (U).
2. D. conicum, sp. nov. Medium size, slightly curved, round, rapidly tapering; with forty to forty-five low longitudinal ribs, which rapidly diminish in number to about fifteen near the apex ; interstices round, smooth, narrower than the ribs near the base, but broader near the apex.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Broken River (U).
3. D. nanum, sp. nev. Small, slightly curved, round, gradually tapering ; with about thirteen narrow longitudinal ribs, which run from end to end, but get obsolete towards the base ; interstices round, smooth, broader than the ribs.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
4. D. tenuis, sp. nov. Medium size, nearly straight, thin, with about thirty-five low broad longitudinal ribs; the interstices round, narrow.
Localities.—Whangape Lake, Waikato ; Raglan.
D. mantelli, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ.,p. 45. Medium size ; slightly curved, terete, solid; with from fourteen to twenty narrow longitudinal ribs near the apex, increasing to thirty towards the base ; interstices smooth; tapering slowly.
Localities.—Awatere (Hochstetter) ; Awamoa; Mount Caverhill.
6. D. irregularis, sp. nov. Medium size; slightly curved, solid, tapering rapidly ; with about twenty-six narrow longitudinal ribs towards the base, decreasing in number towards the apex; interstices rounded, about as broad as the ribs, both they and the ribs crossed by close transverse striæ.
Localities.—Kanieri; Awamoa.
1
7. D. lævis, sp. nov. Small; slightly curved, tapering slowly; smooth, with fine distant longitudinal lines.
Localities. —Kanieri; Chatham Islands ; Motanau (L).
8. D. giganteum, Sowerby (in Darwin's Geo. Obs. on South America, p. 263). Large, terete, nearly straight, thick, with about thirty-six low broad longitudinal ribs; the interstices round, narrow.
Localities. —Waitaki; Waikari; Weka Pass (M) ; Castle Rock, Southland; Awatere(?) (smaller, smooth apex).
9. D. solidum, sp. nov. Large, terete, nearly straight, very thick, with about sixty low longitudinal ribs; the interstices round, narrow.
Localities. —Kanieri; Sherry River ; Waikari.
Class —Gasteropoda.
Family—Muricinæ.
MUREX.
1. M. octogonus, Quoy ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 7.
Localities, —Wanganui (U) ; Shakespeare Cliff, Wanganui.
2. M. zealandicus, Quoy ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 7.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff, "Wanganui.
3. M. lyratus, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 7.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff, Wangauui.
TYPHIS.
Shell-like Murex, with projecting hollow tubes, the last open, occupied by the exeurrent canal.
4. T. zealandica, sp. nov. Shell fusiform ; whorls irregular, with small distant spiral ribs ; varices three in a whorl, connected into foliaceous expansions, which are marked on the inner side with undulating lines; a single long posterior tubular spine, curved upwards, and opening into the interior of the shell. Axis, 1.1; breadth, .4.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff, "Wanganui.
FUSUS.
5. F. pensum, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 8.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff, Wanganui.
6. F. australis, Quoy ;Cat. Marine Moll,, p. 8.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere.
7. F. zealandicus, Quoy; Gat. Marine Moll., p. 8.
Localities. —Wanganui (U) ; Shakespeare Cliff; Batten River (?); Chatham Islands (?).
2
GASTEROPODA.
3
GASTEROPODA.
Var. B.—Body whorls sub-nodulous.
Localities.—Callighan's Hill, Westland.
8. F. mandarinus, Duclos; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 8.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa; Waikari.
9. F. dilatatus, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 8.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere ; Upoko Ngaruru, East Coast, Wellington.
10. F. crawfordi, sp. nov. Ovato-fusiform, distantly spirally striated; whorls five, those of the spire flattened, and with a row of tubercles near the anterior suture, which is covered up by the vent whorl; body whorl inflated, keeled, with a row of nine large tubercles on the keel and a similar row of smaller ones in front of them ; aperture oval; canal(?). Axis(P) ; breadth, 2.6; angle of spire, 75°.
Localities.—Teawaite, East Coast, Wellington.
11. F. plicatilis, sp. nov. Fusiform, whorls five, distantly spirally striated, spire rather short, spire whorls transversely plicated, aperture oval, canal produced straight. Axis, .52; breadth, .35; angle of spire, 50°.
Localities.—Pomahaka, Otago.
12. F. corticatus. Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 9.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Motanau (U).
13. F. plebeius, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 9.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
14. F. linea, Martyn; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 10.
Localities.—Wanganui (U) ; Shakespeare Cliff.
15. F. littorinoides, Reeve ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 10.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
16. F. triton, Lesson ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 11.
Localities.—Wanganui (U) ; Shakespeare Cliff; Waitotara.
17. F. nodosus, Quoy ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 11.
Localities.—Wanganui (U) ; Shakespeare Cliff; Cape Kidnappers.
Var. B.—Cat. Marine Moll., p. 11.
Localities.—Wanganui (U) ; Shakespeare Cliff; Hampden ; Calliglian's Creek, Westland.
The specimens from Callighan's Creek are intermediate between this and the next variety.
Var. C.—Ovate, spire shortened, two rows of nodules on the body whorl; canal bent to the left and strongly recurved. Approaching Cassis in shape.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Hampden.
Var. D.—Body whorl deeply grooved, spire produced.
Localities.—Awatere; Kanieri; New River, Grey District; Waikari.
The Awatere specimen is intermediate between this variety and C.
4
GASTEROPODA.
Family—Pleurotomidæ.
PLEUROTOMA.
18. P. novae zealandiæ, Reeve; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 11.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
19. P. lævis, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 12,
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
20. P. buchanani, sp. nov. Shell fusiform, elongated ; spire acute; whorls carinated, with fine spiral lines, and obliquely plicated anteriorly; posterior part smooth, concave, with a slight ridge at the suture ; aperture oval; canal produced ; body whorl longer than the spire. Axis, '85 ; breadth, .27 ; angle of spire, 30°.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa.
21. P. trailli, sp. nov. Shell fusiform, spire acute ; whorls slightly carinated; with fine spiral lines, and transverse ribs anteriorly, posterior part smooth; aperture ovate, canal rather produced; body whorl shorter than the spire. Axis, .7; breadth, .43; angle of spire, 38°.
Localities. —Awamoa.
22. P. awamoaensis, sp. nov. Shell elongato-fusiform; spire produced, larger than the body whorl; whorls rounded, spirally striated, and transversely ribbed, those on the body whorl becoming obsolete towards the anterior end; suture spirally striated; aperture narrow; posterior canal moderate, anterior rather produced. Axis, 1; breadth, .3 ; angle of spire, 22°.
Localities.—Awamoa.
23. P. wanganuiensis, sp. nov. Shell fusiform; spire produced, longer than the body whorl; whorls rounded, strongly spirally striated, and obliquely ribbed in the centre; suture very finely obliquely striated and with a spiral rib ; aperture oval, canal short. Axis, .55 ; breadth, .2 ; angle of spire, 30°.
Localities.— Shakespeare Cliff.
24. P. sulcata, sp. nov. Large, fusiform; spire shorter than the body whorl; whorls flattened, distantly spirally grooved, and with a broad spiral groove just below the suture ; aperture oval; canal short. Axis, 1.8 ; breadth, .8 ; angle of spire, 38°.
Localities.—Broken River (L) ; Cape Rodney.
25. P. hebes. sp. nov. Ovato-fusiform ; spire blunt ; whorls rather angled, distantly spirally striated ; a spiral row of nodules along the keel, above the keel smooth; body whorl larger than the spire; canal moderate. Axis, .9 ; breadth, .45 ; angle of spire, 45°.
Localities.—Oamaru ; Poverty Bay (L).
26. P. latescens, sp. nov. Ovato-fusiforrn; spire rather shorter than the body whorl; whorls rounded, closely spirally striated, those of the spire obliquely plicated; a deep broad groove at the suture; aperture oval; canal rather produced. Axis, .85; breadth .4; angle of spire, 55°.
Localities.—Mount Brown.
5
GASTEROPODA.
27. P. pagoda, sp. nov. Elongato-fusiform, spire produced ; whorls smooth, strongly keeled near the anterior end ; below the keel concave, with a low obtuse spiral rib on the body whorl; aperture ovate, contracted anteriorly; canal long, straight, narrow. Axis, .7 ; breadth, .25 ; angle of spire, 30°.
Localities.—Awamoa.
BELA.
Shell ovato-fusiform ; spire shorter than the body whorl; columella flattened, canal short; outer lip with a small sinus at its junction with the body whorl.
28. B. striata, sp. nov. Fusiform, narrow, body whorl longer than the spire; whorls convex, six, finely spirally striated; aperture oblong, columella callous, smooth ; canal short, slightly recurved, right lip thickened, with a broad shallow sinus near the suture. Axis, .8 ; breadth, .33 ; angle of spire, 36°.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa.
LACHESIS.
29. L. sulcata, Sutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 12. Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
Family—Tritondæ.
TRITON.
30. T. spengleri, Chemnitz ; Cut. Marine Moll., p. 13.
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
31. T. minimus, sp. nov. Ovato - fusiform; whorls slightly angled, with spiral strife, and slightly transversely plaited ; varices one in each whorl; aperture ovate; canal short. Axis, 1.5; breadth, .75.
Localities.—Awarnoa ; Broken River (L).
Family—Buccindæ.
BUCCINUM.
32. B. zealandicum, Reeve ; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 14.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa.
33. B. COStatum, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p., 14.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa.
34. B. robinsoni, Zettel. Voy. Novum, Palœ., p. 36. Ovate, rugosely lirate, apex acute, whorls six, the upper ones slightly rugose, suture not very deep ; body whorl inflated, with transverse rugose liræ and obsolete longitudinal plicae ; columella short, base thick and curved to the left; aperture semi-lunate, canal deeply notched ; lip thin. Axis, 16 ; breadth, 1.3.
Localities.—White Cliffs, Taranaki; Awamoa; Port Hills, Nelson (Hochstetter); Callighan's Hill, West Side ; Hatter's Creek, Kanieri.
6
GASTEROPODA.
35. B. inflatum, ,sp. nov. Ovato-fusiform, spire acute; whorls seven, convex; body whorl large, inflated; finely spirally grooved, the apex only transversely plicated; aperture oval; canal(?). Axis, 1.3; breadth, .85; angle of spire, 65°.
Localities.—Kanieri River.
36. B. carinatum, ,sp. nov. Ovate; spire short; body whorl angled and more or less flattened behind; sub-perforate; spirally grooved; spire whorls transversely ribbed; suture with a thick fold; aperture narrow, right lip sinuated; posterior canal recurved. Axis, 1.5; breadth, .95.
Localities.—Broken River (U).
Family- Purpuridæ.
PURPURA.
37. P. succincta, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 16.
Localities.-Shakespeare Cliff.
38. P.textiliosa, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 16.
Localities.-Cape Rodney (Hochstetter).
39. P. conoidea, Zittel,Voy. Novara, Palœ.,p. 37. Ovato-conical, spire elongate, apex acute, whorls six or six and a half, sub-nodulose, striated; body whorl two-thirds of the length, inflated, transversely lirate and ornamented with longitudinal tuberculated plic æ; suture of body whorl tuberculose; columella thick; aperture oval, contracted above and forming a broad sinus; lip thin, smooth inside, striated. Axis, 1.4 ; breadth, .85.
Localities.-Awatere (Hochstetter).
This species is not represented in the Colonial Museum.
40. Ovate, inflated; whorls keeled, spirally striated; spire whorls with one, and body whorl with two, anterior nodulose ridges, below which, on the body whorl, are about six deep spiral grooves. Axis, 1.8; breadth, 1.4.
Localities-Oamaru; Caversham.
Family—Olividæ.
ANCILLARIA.
41.A.australis, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 17.
Localities.— Wanganui (it); Shakespeare Cliff; White Cliffs, Taranaki(P).
42. A. hebera, sp. Nov. Cylindrical; spire short, thick, entirely covered with enamel, broader than the body; a spiral depression below the spire, and three spiral striæ round the base. Axis, '75; breadth, '25.
Localities.—Awamoa; Paparoa, Upper Wanganui River; Waikari; Manawatu Gorge; Kanieri; Broken Biver (m).
43. A. (Amalda ?) pomahaka. Shell fusiform, polished, rather thin, not umbilicated, spire elongated, acute, suture enamelled; whorls five or six, aperture oval, elongated, inner lip smooth, without
7
GASTEROPODA.
wrinkles, the posterior callus rather large, outer lip simple, thin, slightly notched anteriorly. Axis, '8; breadth, •42; spire, 58°.
Localities.—Pomahaka, Otago.
Family—Volutidæ.
VOLUTA.
44. V. paciflca, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 18.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere (Hochstetter); Broken River (U); Napier; Waipara Gorge.
Var. B.—Cat. Marine Moll., p. 18.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere; Kanieri.
Var. Cat. Marine Moll., p. 18.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Oamaru; Caversham.
45. V. gracilicostata, Zittel, Voy. JVovara, Palce., p. 38. Ob-longo-fusiform, turreted; whorls five to seven, angled, transversely lirate; body whorl large, keeled above, regularly transversely ribbed, the interstices finely lirate; columella rather callous, plaits obsolete; canal deep; aperture broad, oblong. Height, 1.06; thickness, "4.
Localities.—Port Hills, Nelson (Hochstetter).
This species is not represented in the Colonial Museum.
46.V. kirki, Sutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 18.
Localities.—Broken Eiver (U).
I am doubtful about the identification of this species.
47. V. (Lyria) corrugata, sp. nov. Fusiform; spire acute; spire and body whorls with transverse rather distant ribs; body whorl rather inflated; columella with four or five plaits. Axis, 2; breadth, .9. Localities.—Maunga-pakeha Taipo, East Coast of Wellington; Chatham Islands.
Var. B. —Less inflated; ribs nearer together, becoming obsolete towards the anterior end. Axis, 3; breadth, 1.1.
Localities.Awatere; Kanieri; Waikari.
48.V. elongata, Sp.nov. Elongato-fusiform, smooth, spire produced; aperture elongate, narrow; columella(?). Axis, 4; breadth, 1.15; angle of spire, 33°.
Localities.—Broken River (L); Weka Pass (L).
MITRA.
49. M. enysi, sp. nov. Elongato-fusiform; spire short, about half the length of the body whorl, acute; whorls rather convex, finely spirally striated, and transversely ribbed, the ribs of the body whorl almost obsolete, and confined to the posterior end; aperture narrow, canal short, slightly notched; columella with four plates, the two anterior more oblique than the two posterior. Axis, '75; breadth, '35.
Localities.—Broken River (I.)
50.M. apicalis, sp. nov. Elongato-fusiform; spire produced, nearly as long as the body whorl; whorls keeled, with a row of small nodules on the keel, finely spirally striated; aperture oval, contracted
8
GASTEROPODA.
and produced into a short canal in front; columella with three strong nearly transverse folds, and another obsolete one below them. Axis, '45; breadth, '18.
Localities.—Awamoa.
51. M. albescens, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 19.
Localities.—Awamoa.
52. M. dubia, sp. nov. Ovato-cylindrical; spire short; smooth; outer lip slightly thickened. Axis, '6; breadth, '3.
Localities.—Broken River (L); Chatham Islands.
53. M. ventricosa, sp. nov. Ovato-ventricose; spire very short; smooth; outer lip thickened, strongly dentate; columella plaited. Axis, '65 ; breadth, .5.
Localities.—Broken River (L).
VOLVARIA.
Sub-cylindrical, spire obsolete, aperture narrow, dilated anteriorly; columella with four oblique plaits ; outer lip slightly thickened.
54. V. ficoides, sp. nov. Ovato-pyriform; smooth; whorls four; spire not exserted; aperture narrow, outer lip inflected. Axis, 1.1; breadth, '85.
Localities.—Oamaru.
Family—Cassididæ.
CASSIS.
55. C. pyrum, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 20.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
56. C. striatus, sp. nov. Ovato-ventricose; spire rather concave; body whorl obsoletely plicated in front, and distantly spirally striated; spire spirally striated, cancellated by fine transverse ribs; columella rugose, outer lip smooth. Axis, 1.1; breadth, '8.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Puku-tapu(P).
Very like Cassis sabulon from the miocene beds of Bordeaux, but differs in the transverse plications on the body whorl.
CASSIDARIA.
Oval, tuberculated, and spirally ribbed; canal prominent, recurved. 57. C. Sulcata, sp. nov. Ovato-ventricose; whorls rather convex, deeply spirally grooved, the grooves smooth and about twice the breadth of the ribs; two of the posterior ribs sub-nodulose; columella ribbed; aperture ovate, truncate anteriorly. Axis, l.8; breadth, 1.45; angle of spire, 90°.
Localities.—Kanieri.
Family—N aticidæ.
NATICA.
58. N. zealandica, Quoy; Cat. Marine M011.,p. 21.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Hampden; Mount Caverhill.
9
GASTEROPODA.
59. N. vitrea, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 21.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
60. N. solida, Sowerby (in Darwin's Geo. Obs. on South America, p. 255). Sub-globose, thick, smooth, spire short; whorls five or six, suture inconspicuous; aperture oval; inner lip much thickened posteriorly; umbilicus mediocre, at last covered up. Axis, 2.65; breadth, 26.
Localities.—Kanieri; Conway River; Broken River (U); Kawau; Weka Pass (M?); Chatham Islands; Waipara Gorge; Hurunui Mound.
61. N. (Mamilla) ovata, sp. nov. Pyriformly ovate, smooth, thick, with fine transverse striae; whorls five or six, suture closed; aperture semi-lunar; inner lip much thickened posteriorly; umbilicus large, never covered up. Axis, 1.45; breadth, 1.25.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Callaghan's Creek; Motanau(L); Kanieri; Broken River (U and L); Weka Pass (M); Oamaru; Awamoa; Lyndon.
62. N. (?) callosa, sp. nov. Convolute; spire flat, hidden; body whorl very large, rather flattened in the middle, and produced outwards; smooth, finely transversely striated; aperture small, oblong; columella with an enormous posterior callosity. Axis, 1.45; breadth, 1.6.
Localities.—Castle Point, Wellington (?).
SIGARETUS.
Aperture rounded, spire oblique.
63. S. SUbglobosus, Sowerby (in Darwin's Geo. Obs. on South America, p. 254). Sub-globose; whorls four; finely spirally striated. Axis, '45; breadth, '45.
Localities.—Awamoa.
Family—Scalaridæ.
SCALARIA.
64. S. browni, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Pa1æ.,p. 42. Shell elongated, turreted, imperforate; apex acute; spire composed of eight whorls; whorls rather convex, densely ribbed longitudinally; varices numerous; ribs thick and conspicuous, about sixteen to eighteen in a whorl, subequal, elevated; body whorl keeled near the base. Axis, l.l; breadth, •35; angle of spire, 10° to 11°.
Localities.—Brighton; Aotea (Hochstetter).
65. S. lyrata, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 41. Shell large, solid, turreted, imperforate; whorls convex, longitudinally ribbed and transversely lyrate; sutures deep; ribs elevated, sub-equal, thirteen to fourteen in a whorl, sub-spinose; varices hardly conspicuous and few in number, lirse transversely acute, distant, about eight in a whorl; base carinated; aperture rounded. Axis, 20; breadth, '95; angle of spire, 18°.
c
10
GASTEROPODA.
Localities.—Kaipuki; Oamaru; Weka Pass (M); Waikato South Head; Curiosity Shop; Kawau; Aotea (Hochstetter).
66. S.intermedia, sp. nov. Varices about twelve in a whorl, thin; whorls spirally ribbed, with intermediate striae between the ribs; last whorl keeled. Axis, 1.25; breadth, .45; angle of spire, 18°.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
This species has the thin varices of S.zelebori with the intermediate striae of S. lyrata.
67. S. rotunda, sp. nov. Varices about twelve in a whorl, rather thin; whorls finely spirally striated throughout; last whorl rounded; mouth round; imperforate. Axis(?); breadth, 1.25; angle of spire, 20°.
Localities.—Weka Pass (L); Brighton.
Family—Pyramidellidæ
ODOSTOMIA.
68. O.lactea, Angas; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 22.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
Family—Conidæ.
CONUS.
69. C. Omatus, sp. nov. Whorls smooth, with a row of small nodules on the keel, crossed by two or three spiral lines; a few spiral strise at the anterior end of the body whorl. Axis, '8; breadth, .3.
Localities.—Awamoa.
70. C. trailli, sp. nov. Spire whorls smooth, angled; body whorl faintly distantly irregularly spirally striated. Axis, '9; bread"th, '43.
Localities.—Awamoa.
Family—Strombidæ.
STRUTHIOLARIA.
71. S. nodulosa, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 24.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
Var. C.—Large; whorls slightly angled, sub-nodular.
Localities.—Wangauui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
This variety is intermediate between S. nodulosa and S. gigas.
72. S. vermis, Martyn; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 24.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
73. S. Scutulata, Deshayes ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 24.
Localities. —Awatere; Motanau (L); Awamoa.
74. S. Sulcata. S. canaliculata, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Pairs., p. 34 (not of Spengl). Ovato-oblong, ventricose, thick, turreted; whorls six, suture broad and deeply excavated ; with thick quadrangular spiral ribs, which are equal in breadth to the grooves; nine ribs in the
11
GASTEROPODA.
last whorl, four in the last but one; columella thick, slightly twisted, sub-callous, base wide. Axis, 1.8 ; breadth, I.4.
Localities.—Awatere (Hochstetter); East Coast, Wellington.
75. S. cingulata, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 35. Ovate; turreted; spire acute; whorls seven, convex; suture deep; spirallyribbed; ribs rather thick, obtuse, with fine spiral striae; body whorl obsoletely bicarinated; columella somewhat callous, bent, base wide; outer lip thick, reflexed. Axis, 1.8; breadth, l.l.
Localities.—Awatere (Hochstetter); Patea.
Var. B.—Ribs sub-moniliform.
Localities.—Awatere.
76. S. cincta, sp.nov. Ovate, turreted; spire acute; whorls six, keeled; body whorl hollowed in the middle; spirally ribbed, ribs thin, narrower than the intermediate grooves, smooth; keel subnodular; columella somewhat callous, slightly bent; outer lip not much thickened. Axis, 2.1; breadth,1.4
Localities.—Awatere; Motanau(L); Callighan's Creek, Westland;
Waipara Gorge; Waikari.
Var. B.—Whorls rounded.
Localities. —Kanieri.
Var. C.—Posterior keel of body whorl produced into a recurved claw on the outer lip.
Localities.—Oamaru (U).
77. S. tuberculata, sp. nov. Ovate, turreted; spire acute; whorls five or six, keeled, with a row of tubercles on the keel; body whorl bicarinated, with a row of long tubercles or spines on each keel, the anterior row smaller, smooth; suture not excavated; columella with a large callosity, much bent; outer lip thickened, recurved. Axis, 2; breadth, 1.4.
Localities.—East Coast, Wellington; Upokororo Stream, Te Anau Lake; Kawau; Broken River (U).
Var. B.—Tubercles thicker and more nodular.
Localities.—Palliser Bay; Waikari; Lower Gorge of Waipara.
Intermediate between S. tuberculata and S. nodulosa.
78. S. senex, sp. nov. Ovate, turreted, finely spirally striated; spire whorls keeled, with a row of nodules on the keel, body whorl with two rows of small nodules near the posterior margiu, below which are several deep spiral grooves. Axis, 32; breadth, 2.4.
Localities.—Oamaru; Caversham; Hurunui Bridge; WekaPass(L).
Family—Cancellaridæ.
TRICHOTROPIS.
79. T. inomata, Sutton, Gat. Marine Moll., p. 26. Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
Family—Cerithidæ.
CERITHIUM.
80. C. rugatum, sp. nov. Turreted, whorls convex or slightly
12
GASTEROPODA.
keeled, spirally striated and transversely plicated, about twelve or fourteen in a whorl; body whorl and lower whorls of the spire occasionally with a single row of nodules, below which on the body whorl are two rather prominent spiral keels; aperture sub-orbicular, angled posteriorly on the outer lip; canal short, slightly recurved. Axis, 2.0; breadth, .8; angle of spire, 32°.
Localities.—Pomahaka, Otago; Waikari.
81. C. cancellatum, sp. nov. Turreted; whorls flat, cancellated, the interstices rather higher than broad; sulcus well marked; base spirally ridged; aperture sub-orbicular; canal short, recurved. Axis, '55; breadth, '25; angle of spire, 35°.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Hampden.
82. C. nodulosum, sp. nov. Turreted; whorls ten, slightlykeeled, and with a spiral row of large tubercles in the centre, eight in a whorl; body whorl short, keeled, with two spiral ribs below the row of nodules; canal(?). Axis, 2.2; breadth, .7; angle of spire, 20°.
Localities.—Broken Biver (U).
Family—riśoidæ.
RISSOA.
83. R. vana, sp. nov. Turbinate; whorls convex, smooth; aperture ovate, peristome continuous. Axis, '17; breadth, .1. Localities.—Awamoa.
Family-Turritellidæ.
TURRITELLA.
84. T. rosea, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 29.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Hampden; Cape Rodney; Mount Caverhill; Mount Cookson; Lyndon; Broken River (U); Awatere; Kawau.
85. T. gigailtea, sp. nov. Large, whorls concave, spirally striated, ribs unequal; suture closed over, mouth sub-quodrate. Axis, 5; breadth, .8; angle of spire, 15°.
Localities.— Oamaru; Caversham; Waipara Gorge; Broken River (U).
86. T. vittata, Sutton, Gat. Marine Moll., p. 29.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa; East Coast, Wellington.
87. T. pagoda, Reeve; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 29.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Sherry River; Lyndon.
88. T. ambulacrum, Sowerby (in Darwin's Geo. Obs. on South America, p. 257). Turreted; whorls ten, with three spiral ribs, which are sub-equal towards the base of the shell, but in the middle and upper portions the intermediate rib is much smaller; interstices finely
13
GASTEROPODA.
striated; suture deep and narrow. Axis, 1.6; breadth, 55; angle of spire, 20°.
Localities.—Awatere; Chatham Islands; Kokohu.
89. T. (Zaria) tricilicta, sp. nov. Turreted; whorls fourteen, with three strong, equal, and equidistant spiral ribs; interstices and base finely spirally striated; mouth sub-quadrangular, outer lip simple; suture not well marked. Axis, 12; breadth, .25; angle of spire, 15°.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere; Waikari (small variety); Weka Creek; Mount Cookson.
Var. B. —The two anterior ribs nearer together.
Localities.—Kanieri; Hatter's Creek; Mount Cookson.
90. T. fulmiliata, Button, Oat. Marine Moll., p. 29,
Var. B. —Spiral striae stronger.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
91. T. bicincta, sp. Nov. Small, turreted; whorls eight, with two strong spiral ribs, the anterior rather larger and sub-moniliform; interstices finely striated; mouth rounded; suture well marked. Axis, .5; breadth, '17; angle of spire, 15°.
Localities. —Kanieri.
92. T. ornata, sp. nov. Small, sutures deeply excavated, whorls smooth, with two rows of small nodules. Breadth, l. Fragments only.
Localities.—Pomahaka, Otago.
Family—Vermetidæ.
CLADOPODA.
93. C. zealandica, Quoy ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 30,
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
94. C. monilifera, sp. nov. Irregularly twisted; rugose, with rather distant, unequal, longitudinal, moniliform strise; transverse section sub-circular.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Broken River (U).
PHORUS.
95. P. Oliustus, Reeve; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 31.
Localities.—Awamoa.
Family— Calyptridæ.
CALYPTRÆA.
96. C. maculata, Quay; Cat Marine Moll., p. 31.
Localities.— Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa; Waitotara; Napier; Broken River (U and L).
TROCHITA.
97. T. tenuis, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 32.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff,
14
GASTEROPODA.
98. T. dilatata, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palm., p. 43, non Calyptræa maculata, Quoy. Sub-orbicular, conical, depressed; apex sub-central; obliquely finely striated; rugose near the end of the last whorl. Diameter, 1.
Localities. —"Waipara Gorge; Lyndon; Mount Cookson; Awatere (Hochstetter).
CRYPTA.
99. C. Costata, Deshayes; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 32.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff; Waipara Gorge.
100. C. contorta, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 32.
Localities.—Wangamii (U); Hampden; Broken River (U); Motanau (U and L); Awatere(P).
101. C. incurva, Zittel; Crepidwla incurva, Zittel, Yoy. Novara, Palm., p. 44. Oblong, thick, smooth, very convex, contorted; apex incurved, often distant from the margin, much thickened; internal septum concave, or almost flat, extending to the middle of the shell. Height, 1.8; length, 1.1.
Localities. —Awatere (Hochstetter); Waipara Gorge; Lyndon.
102. C. striata, sp. nov.; Crepidula, sp. ind., Voy. Novcira, pi. 15, f. 10. Oval; flattened; apex sub-central; longitudinally striated.
Localities— Awatere (Hochstetter); Broken River (L); Oamaru.
103. C. profunda, sp. Nov. Oblong, compressed, very convex, left side generally flattened; apex incurved, sub-central; smooth, with concentric lines of growth; internal septum concave, deeply placed in the shell, not extending to the middle. Height, 1.3; length, '6; thickness, '7.
Localities. — Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere; Motanau (L); ratea; Waitotara; Paparoa, Upper Wanganui; Broken River (U).
F amily—Pilæopsidæ.
Pilæopsis.
104. P. uncinatus, sp. nov. Irregularly conical; apex anterior, recurved, uncinate, sub-spiral; whorls one; smooth, with fine radiating lines in places; aperture large, irregularly orbicular. Height, .8; diameter, l.l.
Localities. —Wanganui (u).
105. P. radiatus, sp. nov. High; curved, with about twentyfour radiating ribs, which are much narrower than the intermediate spaces. Height, .65; diameter, .65.
Localities. —Awatere.
Family —Neritidæ.
NERITELLA.
Globose, oval, thin; aperture semi-lunar; inner lip flattened; outer lip simple internally.
GASTEBOPODA,
15
106. N. nitida, sp. nov. Globose, transverse, spire flattened, smooth ; aperture sub-ovate, inner lip smooth, arcuate, outer lip simple internally. Colour white, with numerous narrow zigzag transverse black bands. Axis, '25; breadth, "33.
Localities.—Pomahaka, Otago.
Family-Trochidæ.
TURBO
107. T. rubicundus, Reeve; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 33.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
108. T. granosus, Lanark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 33.
Localities.—Mount Caverhill; Weka Creek.
109. T. superbus, Zittel, Voy. Novum, Palæ., p. 39. Large, sub-globose; whorls three and a half, angled, with a row of nodules on the keel; body whorl large, with three rows of tubercles; columella bent, concave, very broad; aperture sub-rhomboidal, angled. Axis, 4; breadth, 4.
Localities.—Cape Eodney (Hochstetter); Kawau; Hurunui Mound; Broken Kiver (U).
IMPERATOR.
110. I. iniperialis, Lamark; Gat. Marine Moll., p. 34.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Motanau (U).
ROTELLA.
111. R. zealandica, Chenu; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 35.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Motanau(U); Waikari.
TROCHUS.
112. T. stoliczkai, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 40. Small, conical, broadly umbilicated; whorls six, rather convex; the upper with two and the last with four low spiral ribs; those on the body whorl moniliform; aperture sub-orbicular. Axis, '2; breadth, 2.
Localities. —Awatere (Hochstetter); Awamoa.
113. T. circinatus, sp. nov. Small, spirally ribbed, the posterior ribs distant; body whorl with three ribs above the keel, and eight or ten on the base, rather rounded. Axis, .15; breadth, '25.
Localities.—New River, Grey District; Awatere.
POLYDONTA.
114. P. tiarata, cat. Marine Moll., p. 36.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Motanau (U).
GASTEROPODA.
16
LABIO.
115. L. hectori, Sutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 37.
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
MONILEA.
116. M. zealandica, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 40.
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
GIBBULA.
117. G. sanguinea, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 40.
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
118 G. nitida, Adams; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 40
Localities.-Broken River (L); Pakau; Motanau (U); Awatere; Black Birch Creek, near Culverden.
Family-Haliotidæ.
HALIOTIS.
119 H. iris, Lamark(?); Cat. Marine Moll., p. 40.
Localities.— Cape Rodney (cast only).
Family-Fissurellidæ.
EMARGINULA.
120. E. striatula, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll.,p.42.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa.
TUGALI.
121. T. elegans, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 42.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
Family—Tornatellidæ.
BUCCINULUS.
122. B. kirki, Hutton, Cat Marine Moll., p. 51.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff
123. B. albus, Hutton, Cat Marine Moll., p. 61.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
Family-Cylichnidæ.
CYLICHNA.
124. C. Striata, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll, p. 52.
Localities.—Awamoa.
125 C.enysi, sp.nov. Cylindrical, narrower above; apex concave; finely straiated throughout; aperture as long as the shell. Axis, 65; breadth, 3.
Localities. —Broken River (L).
Family—Siphonariidæ.
SIPHONARIA.
126. S.denticulata, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 55.
Localities.—Motanau (U).
Family—Ampullaceridæ.
AMPHIBOLA.
127. A. avellana, Gmelin; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 58.
Localities.—Motanau (U).
Class —Lamellibranehiata.
Family-Pholadidæ.
PHOLADIDEA.
1. P. tridens, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 59.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
Family-Glycimeridæ.
PANOPÆA.
2. P. zealandica, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 60.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Kanieri.
3. P. plicata, sp. nov. Oblong, height more than half the length; inequilateral, with many concentric deeply sulcated plications; umbones pointed; anterior end short, rounded, its dorsal margin rather convex; posterior end produced, rounded, its dorsal margin nearly straight. Height, 1.7; length, 2.8; thickness, .9.
Localities.—Raglan; Lake Wakatipu; Broken River (L); Cape Farewell.
Closely allied to P. sulcata (Etheridge), from Maryborough, Queensland.
4. P. worthingtoni, sp. nov. Oblong, height less than half the length; inequilateral, with many concentric deeply sulcated plications; umbones pointed; anterior end short, rounded, its dorsal margin convex; posterior end produced, rather acute, its dorsal margin rather concave. Height, .8; length, 1.8; thickness, .5.
Localities.—Lake Wakatipu; Broken River (L).
Distinguished from the last by its greater length and more numerous plications.
D
17
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
18
LAMELLIBRANCILLATA.
SAXICAVA.
5. S. arctica, Linnæus; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 60.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Awamoa.
Family-Corbulidæ.
CORBULA.
6. C. zealandica, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 61.
Localities. —Chatham Islands.
7. C. macilenta, sp. nov. Oblong, compressed, thin; anterior end rounded, posterior produced, keeled, rather hollowed above, and sharply truncated; strongly concentrically but rather irregularly striated. Height, ·3 ; length,·5; thickness, '2.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
8. C. dubia, sp. nov. Ovato-trigonal, sub-equilateral, gibbous; rounded in front and rather flattened behind; distantly concentrically striated. Height, ·8; length 1.
Localities. —Motanau (L); New River, Grey District; Awamoa;
Awatere; Mount Cookson.
Family—Anatinidæ.
NEÆRA.
9. N. kirki, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, inflated, smooth; anterior dorsal margin straight, running out into a long narrow beak. Height, •4; length, "6.
Localities. —Whangape Lake, Waikato.
MYODORA.
10. M. striata, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 62.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
Family-Mactridæ.
MACTRA.
11 M. discors, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 63.
Localities. — Wanganui (u); Paparoa, Wanganui Eiver; Cape Kidnappers.
12. M. æquilatera, Reeve; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 63.
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
13. M. inflata, sp. Nov. Oval, anterior side shorter, rounded, its dorsal margin rather concave ; posterior side rounded, its dorsal margin convex; umbones rather inflated, incurved; smooth or lightly _ concentrically striated. Height, 23 ; length, 3.
Localities. —Waipara Grorge; Awatere; Motanau (L).
14. M. attenuata, sp. nov. Oblong, attenuated in front, front dorsal margin slightly concave; umbones incurved; concentrically
19
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
striated; cardinal teeth small, the anterior lateral tooth of the left valve transversely striated on the outside. Height, 2.2; length, 3.7(?).
Localities.—Broken River (L).
15. M. rudis, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, thin, compressed and rather sinuated, rudely concentrically striated; anterior side rather shorter, its dorsal margin straight; posterior dorsal line arched; anterior lateral tooth of the left valve high; pallial sinus deep, rather descending, rounded at the apex; lower margin irregular in outline. Height, 25; length, 2.5.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); alluvium at the mouth of River Thames; Opotiki, on a raised beach; Cape Kidnappers; Motanau (U).
16. M. elegans, sp. nov.; M. triangulare, Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., not of Lamark nor H. triangula, Brocchi. Ovato-trigonal, small, rather thin, rounded in front, produced and carinated behind, anterior and posterior dorsal margins slightly arched; cartilage plate small; pallial sinus rounded: concentrically striated, umbones smooth. Height, ·6 : length, '75.
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
THRACIA.
17. T. granulosa, sp. nov. Elongate-oval, sub-equilateral, rounded at both ends, rather thin; pallial sinus shallow, rounded; concentrically striated, and covered with minute granules, irregularly arranged. Height, 1.1; length, 1.75.
Localities.-Wanganui (U).
MULINIA.
18. M. notata, Sutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 64.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Motanau (U).
Family-Lutrariinæ.
LUTRARIA.
19. L. solida, sp. nov.; Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., 1870, p. 179. Elongate-oval, height more than half the length, thick, rounded at both ends, posterior dorsal margin straight; ventral margin convex; irregularly concentrically grooved ; cartilage pit broad, shallow. Height, 2.5; length, 4.5.
Localities.—Lower Gorge of the Waipara.
20. L. Sulcata, sp. nov. Elongate-oval, height less than half the length, posterior dorsal margin straight; ventral margin slightlyconvex; distantly sub-concentrically grooved, the grooves shallower and further apart towards the posterior end. Height, '9; length, 2.6.
Localities. —Motanau (L); Awatere.
ZENATIA.
21. Z. acinaces, Quay; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 64.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa.
20
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
DARINA.
22. D.pusilla, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 64.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Patea.
Family—Tellinidæ.
PSAMMOBIA.
23. P. stangeri, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 65.
Localities.-Wanganui (U); Motanau (L); Awamoa.
24. P. lineolata, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 66.
Localities. —Wanganui (U) ; Motanau (L) ; Patea.
HIATULA.
25. H. nitida, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 66.
Localities.—A watere.
TELLINA.
26. T. albinella, Lamark ; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 66.
Localities.—Wanganui (u); Awamoa; Awatere(?); Tokomairiro(?).
27. T. deltoidalis, Lamark Cat. Marine Moll., p. 67.
Localities.—Wanganui (u).
28. T. lintea, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 67.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
MESODESMA.
29. M. climnitzii, Deshayes; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 68. Localities.-Wanganui (U).
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
30. M. cuneata, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 68.
Localities.—Motanau (U); Wanganui (U).
31. M. grandis, sp. nov. Oval, inequilateral; anterior end shorter, sub-angled; posterior end broad, rounded, its dorsal margin slightly convex; marked with concentric lines of growth. Height, 3.4; length, 6.
Localities.—East Coast, Wellington.
Family—Veneridæ.
VENUS.
32. V. zealandica, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 69.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Teawaite; Motanau (L); Awatere; Kanieri; Manawatu Gorge.
33. V. oblonga, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 69.
Localities.—Awatere.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
21
CHIONE.
34. C. vellicata, sp. nov. Ovate, rounded at both ends, posterior dorsal margin slightly arched; anterior dorsal margin concave; distantly, generally irregularly, concentrically ribbed and finely radiately striated; lunule lanceolate, impressed, radiately striated and slightly margined. Height, 1.25; length, 1.4.
Localities.—Awamoa; Castle Point; Awatere; Mount Caverhill; Lyndon; Mount Cookson; Motanau (L); Waikari; White Cliffs, Taranaki; Chatham Islands; Pomahaka, Otago; Kaiwara Stream, Hurunui.
35. C. accuminata, sp. nov. Ovate, rounded in front, attenuated and slightly truncated behind, posterior dorsal margin nearly straight, anterior dorsal margin concave; finely and closely concentrically striated, lunule cordate, impressed under the umbone, slightly margined. Height, ·75; length, ·93.
Localities. —Pomahaka, Otago.
36. C. stuchburyi, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 70.
Localities.—"Wanganui (U); Cape Kidnappers; Hautapu Falls; Hampden; Waitotara; Parakino; Paparoa(?).
37. C. mesodesma, Quoy; Cat, Marine Moll., p. 70. Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Patea; Hautapu Falls(?).
38. C. gibbosa, Sutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 71
Localities.—"Wanganui (U).
39. C. assimilis, sp. nov. Ovate, posterior end slightly tapering, its dorsal margin arched; anterior end rounded, its dorsal margin concave; concentrically striated, the striae higher and broader at the anterior end. Height, ·9; length, 1.2.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
40. C. yatei, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 69,
Localities. —Wanganui (U).
CYTHEREA.
41. C. enysi, sp. nov. Large, solid, orbicular-trigonal; posterior end truncated, its dorsal margin slightly arched; anterior end rounded, its dorsal margin concave; irregularly concentrically striated; umbones smooth, inflated; margin smooth. Height, 4.2 ; length, 4.5.
Localities.—Lower Waipara Gorge; Broken River (U).
CALLISTA.
42. C. disrupta, Deshayes; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 71.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Hampden.
43. C. elegans, sp. nov. Oblong, rather compressed; anterior end short, rounded; posterior end broad, rounded, its dorsal margin arched; with distant concentric narrow ribs, crossed by fine radiating
22
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
striæ near the umbo; lunule broadly lanceolate, with longitudinal imbricating laminae. Height, ·9; length, 1.2; thickness, ·55.
Localities.—Kanieri.
DOSINIA.
44. D. Subrosea, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 72.
Localities.- —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere; Motanau (L); Awamoa; Waitotara; Patea; Lower Waipara Gorge ; Kawau; Castle Point; Broken River (U); Cape Rodney.
45. D. magna, sp- nov. Sub-orbicular, rather higher than long, with irregular concentric ridges, but getting smooth towards the umbos, which are rather inflated; lunule cordate, deeply impressed, longitudinally striated; ligament plate very broad; anterior tooth of left valve, under the lunule, large, bifid. Height, 3·4; length, 3·15.
Localities.—Broken River (U).
46. D. grayi, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palce., p. 45. Orbicular, solid, swollen, with distant thin concentric laminæ, rather more elevated on the sides; umbones swollen, incurved, acute ; anterior side arched, posterior rounded; lunule large oblongo-cordiform, somewhat impressed, striated, margined; pallial sinus triangular, ascending, the angle acute, pointing above the anterior adductor impression. Height, 1·4; length, 1·4; breadth, ·9.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere (Hochstetter); Motanau (L); Lower Waipara Gorge; Paparoa.
CYCLINA.
47. C. kroyeri, Philippi; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 72.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
48. C. dispar, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, rather compressed, concentrically striated, the striæ nearer and smaller towards the posterior end, umbones small; lunule large, lanceolate, not impressed nor margined. Height, ·75; length, ·8.
Localities. —Hautapu Falls, Upper Bangitikei.
TAPES.
49. T. intermedia, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 72.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Motanau (L); Awatere; Awatnoa.
50. T. curta, sp. nov. Ovato-trigonal, rounded in front, and slightly attenuated behind; posterior dorsal margin slightly arched, anterior concave; lunule elongato-lanceolate, somewhat impressed, not margined; umbones bent forward; shell with stray concentric striæ. which are much farther apart at the posterior end; central cardinal tooth of the left valve deeply bifid, that of the right valve slightly so. Height, 2.5; length, 3; thickness, 1.6.
Localities.—Broken River (U).
23
LAMELLIBRANCILLATA.
Family—Cardiidæ.
CARDIUM.
51. C. striatulum, Sowerby; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 73.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Chatham Islands; White Cliffs, Taranaki; Motanau. (L)?.
52. C. spatiosum, sp. nov. Large, sub-trigonal, flattened behind; posterior end sub-angled; anterior rounded; with about thirtyeight radiating rounded ribs, which are ornamented with strong recurved scales at the anterior and marginal portion of the median areas; and crossed near the margin with concentric, undulating, recurved, imbricating laminae, which get scaly at the posterior end ; umbones inflated, sub-spiral, curved to the front; lunule cordate, longitudinally striated; anterior lateral tooth of right valve short, high, and pointed; posterior longer, but not so high ; the two anterior cardinal teeth in the right valve moderate, the posterior small, both directed backwards; ligament plate, short, thick, strong ; margin with short deep grooves on the inside. Height, 4; length, 4.5.
Localities. —Waitotara; Broken Eiver (U); Cape Rodney; East Coast, Wellington.
53. C. greyi, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, ventricose, with numerous rounded radiating ribs, of equal breadth to the grooves; ribs on the posterior end much larger. Height, 2.25 ; length, 2.45.
Localities. —Kawau.
54. C. patulum, sp. nov. Large, sub-orbicular, with numerous flat radiating ribs, the interspaces being very narrow on the anterior and median areas, but as broad as the ribs on the posterior end. Median and anterior areas with broad concentric grooves, which gradually become obsolete towards the umbo; margin crenated. Height, 3.4; length, 3.4.
Localities.—The Deans, Waipara; Broken River (L)?.
PROTOCARDIUM.
Posterior slope radiately striated; remainder of the shell concentrically furrowed.
55. P. serum, sp. nov. Ovato-trigonal, higher than long, subequilateral; umbones rather inflated; posterior end with fine, but strongly marked, radiating striae; anterior and median areas with concentric shallow grooves; margin finely crenated; cardinal tooth of right valve large, curved upwards, anterior lateral tooth of both valves high, triangular. Height, 2.7; length, 2.4.
Localities.—Broken River (L).
VENERICARDIA.
56. V. australis, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 74.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Castle Point; Chatham Islands; Mount Caverhill.
24
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
57. V. intermedia, sp. nov. Oval, very inequilateral; posterior end truncated, with about twenty-two equal ribs, which are nodular on the upper half and transversely striated towards the margin, lunule very small, cordate. Height, 1.45 ; length, 1.7.
Localities. —Motanau (L); Hurunui Mound; Lower Gorge of the Waipara; Weka Pass (M).
Var. B. —Ovato-trigonal, rounded at both ends; with about twentytwo smooth low ribs. Height, 1.05; length, 1.05'.
Localities. —Awamoa.
Perhaps only a variety of V. australis.
Family-Lucinidæ.
LUCINA.
58. L. divaricata, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 74.
Localities. — Wanganui (U); Awamoa.
MYSIA.
59. M. zealandica, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 75.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Puketapu; Awamoa.
Family—Crassatellidæ.
CRASSATELLA.
Hinge with two diverging cardinal teeth, and generally one lateral tooth in each valve.
60. C. ampla, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 46. Trigonal, convex, sub-equilateral, thick, irregularly concentrically striated; anterior end broad and obtuse, posterior slightly attenuated; hinge very broad and thick, cardinal tooth of the right valve attenuated, and bifid at the base; cartilage pit large and deep; left valve with two teeth. Height, 3.2; length, 3.8.
Localities. — Cape Rodney (Hochstetter); Kawau; Broken River (U).
61. C. attenuata, sp. nov. Ovate; inequilateral; broad and rounded in front, produced and tapering behind; posterior dorsal margin straight; hinge moderate; irregularly concentrically striated. Height, 4.2; length, 6.
Localities.—Broken River (L).
62. C. trailli, sp. nov. Ovato-trigonal, inequilateral; rounded in front; attenuated, flattened, and obliquely truncated behind; closely concentrically ribbed, the ribs passing into fine striae on the posterior flattened portion; hinge rather small; lunule impressed lanceolate; right valve with one, and the left with two teeth. Height, 1.3; length, 1.65.
Localities. —Awamoa.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
25
MYTILICARDIA.
63. M. excavata, Deshayes; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 76.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
ASTARTE.
Hinge with two diverging cardinal teeth in one valve, and one in the other.
64. A. australis, sp. nov. Solid, inequilateral, rather produced and flattened behind, umbones triangular; distantly concentrically ribbed; kinule impressed, elongato-lanceolate; hinge very large, right valve with two cardinal teeth, the anterior large and strong, the posterior small.
Localities.—Kokohu.
Family—Unionidæ.
UNIO.
Shell equivalve, inequilateral; hinge with cardinal teeth, and elongated laterals; ligament external. Fresh water.
65. U. aucklandica, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., ii., p. 257. Oblong, compressed, rounded in front and rather obliquely truncated behind; finely concentrically striated; umbones small; superior margin arched behind; inferior margin straight. Height, '9; length, 16.
Localities. —Coal formation, Dunstan, Otago. As the teeth cannot be seen, the identification of this species is doubtful.
66. U. inflata, sp. nov. Oval, ventricose, rounded in front and behind; finely concentrically striated and somewhat corrugated; umbones inflated; superior and inferior margins arched. Height' 1 25; length, 2.
Localities.—Morely Creek, Southland.
Family-Myteliidæ.
MYTILUS.
67. M. magellanicus, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 77.
Localities.—Motariau (U); Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
CRENELLA.
68. C. discors, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 78.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
69. C. elongata, sp. nov. Elongato-oblong; umbones quite anterior, rather inflated; median smooth area about one-third of the length; anterior and posterior ends finely radiately striated; anterior end rounded, not projecting as far as the umbo ; posterior end compressed, truncated, its dorsal margin slightly arched. Height, ·35; length, ·6 ; thickness, '25.
Localities.—Broken River (L).
E
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
26
MODIOLA.
70. M. albicosta, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 78.
Localities— Motanau (U); Wanganui (u); Shakespeare Cliff; Lower Gorge of the Waipara; Broken Eiver (u); Mount Caverhill; Waikari.
71. M., sp. ind. Elongato-oblong, rounded in front, angled and truncated behind; with irregular concentric lines. Height, 1.1; length, 2.25.
Localities.—Lower Gorge of the Waipara. A very imperfect specimen.
LITHODOMUS.
72. L. striatus, sp. nov. Elongato-oblong, umbones anterior, inflated in front and compressed behind, posterior end very finely radiately striated. Height, ·8; length, 2.6.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
Family-Aviculidæ.
PERNA.
Compressed, sub-quadrate; cartilage pits numerous, elongated, close set.
73. P., sp. ind.
Localities. —Castle Point. Fragment of a hinge of a large species; hinge 1.2 in breadth.
PINNA.
74. P. lata, sp. nov. Broadly triangular, with concentric stri æ; anterior end rather excavated. Height, 8; length, 7.25; angle of apex, 60°.
Localities. —Cobden.
75. P. zealandica, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 79.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere.
76. P. plicata, sp. nov. Large, with rather distant radiating plications, the ridges and furrows being of about equal breadth.
Localities. —Culverden(?), in blue clay. A fragment only.
77. P. distans, sp. nov. Large, with distant plications, the ridges being much narrower than the furrows. Height, 9; length, 45; angle of apex, 40°.
Localities. —Caversham.
Family-Trigoniadæ.
Shell equivalve, close, trigonal, umbones directed posteriorly; ligament external; interior nacreous; hinge teeth few, diverging; pallial line simple.
TRIGONIA.
Shell equivalve, inequilateral, sub-trigonal; hinge composed of two oblong, divaricate, lamelliform teeth in the right valve, transversely
27
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
grooved oil both sides, and four in the left valve grooved on one side only.
78. T. pectinata, Lamark, Anim. sans vert l.e., vi., p.514.
Localities. —Hampden. Living in Australia and Tasmania. The specimen is too imperfect to describe, but I see 110 reason for supposing it to be another species.
79. T. semiundulata, McCoy; Jenkins, Quar. Jour. Science, ii., p. 630, pl. 8,f. 7. Posterior side with about twelve transverse rounded ribs, which are not quite so broad as the interspaces, and smooth except near the umbo, where they are moniliform; remainder of the shell with low, slightly undulating, concentric thin ribs, crossed by radiating lines near the umbo.
Localities.—Awamoa. A fragment only.
Family—Arcidæ.
BARBATIA.
80. B. Sinuata, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 79.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
CUCULLÆA.
Equivalve, inequilateral, ventricose, radiately striated; hinge with the teeth dilated and bent down at the outer ends, divided into a few large longitudinal plaits; ligamental area moderate, smooth. The New Zealand tertiary Cucullæas are very difficult to distinguish from one another, as their external markings are alike, and they may perhaps be all forms of one species.
81. C. ponderosa, sp. nov. Ventricose, nearly as high as long, posterior side rather flattened; umbones distant, hinge at right angles to the axis of the shell. Height, 4; length, 4.3.
Localities.—Korskonui, East Coast, Wellington; Lake Wakatipu; Awatere(?).
Var. B.—Longer. Height, 3.7; length, 4.5.
Localities. —Waikari, Canterbury; Whangarei.
82. C. worthingtoni, sp. nov. Ventricose, much larger than high; posterior side produced, rather dilated; umbones distant; hinge at right angles to the axis of the shell. Height, 2.9; length, 4.
Localities.—Waitaki; Lake Wakatipu.
83. C. alta, Sowerby (in Darwin's Geo. Obs. on South America, p. 252). Yentricose; nearly as high as long; posterior side rather produced and rather flattened; umbones distant; hinge sub-oblique. Height, 2.4; length, 2.8.
Localities. —Raglan; Curiosity Shop; Tokomairiro; East Coast, Wellington; Kokohu; Lake Wakatipu; Lyndon; Callighan's Creek.
Var. B.—Longer. Height, 3.4; length, 4.
Localities.—Callighan's Hill, east side.
28
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
84. C.attenuata, sp. nov. Rather ventricose, much longer than high; posterior side produced and attenuated; umbones distant; hinge sub-oblique. Height, 3; length, 4.5.
Localities.—Lake Wakatipu; Paparoa, Upper Wanganui; Caversham.
PECTUNCULUS.
85. P. striatularis, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 80.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
86. P. laticostatus, Quoy; Cat. Marine Moll.,p. 80.
Localities.— Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Awatere; Motanau (L); Lower Gorge of the Waipara; Castle Point; Puketapu; Paparoa; Tainuitaipo; Cape Kidnappers; Broken River (U); Kawau; Mount Caverhill; Lyndon; Oamaru; Callighan's Creek; Cliffs at Nelson (Hochstetter); Caversham.
87. P. globosus, sp. nov. Ventrieose, sub-equilateral, as high as long; posterior end rounded, rather broader than the anterior; umbones rather distant, hinge at right angles to the axis of the shell, slightly curved, teeth oblique. Height, 4; length, 4.
Localities.—Hick's Bay; Kokohu; Wairoa, Nelson; Kanieri; Motanau (L); Broken River (U); Callighan's Creek; Kawau; Oamaru.
88. P. traversi, sp. nov. Sab-orbicular, rather compressed, with about thirty-five radiating rounded ribs of equal breadth to the intervening grooves, which are also rounded; both crossed with concentric striae. Height, 2.65; length, 2.65.
Localities. —Chatham Islands; Weka Pass (M).
89. P.(?)Cordatus, sp.nov. Ovato-cordiform,ventrieose,umbones rather distant, inequilateral; anterior end short, rounded ; posterior end produced and obliquely truncated; shell with broad smooth flat radiating ribs, interspaces narrow; hinge slightly curved with a row of from fourteen to eighteen transverse teeth, ligament external; variable in shape. Height, 1.3; length, 1.25; thickness, l.l.
Localities. — Wairoa River, Nelson.
LIMOPSIS.
Orbicular, convex, slightly oblique; hinge with the teeth divided into two equal, curved series of transverse plates.
90. L. insolita, Sowerby; Trigonocælia insolita, Sowerby (in Darwin's Qeo. Obs. on South America, p. 252); Limopsis insolita, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Pals.,p. 48. Elongato-ovate, thick, convex, sub-smooth, very finely concentrically striated; umbones small; ligamental area triangular, high, smooth; ligament pit broad, rather deep; cardinal teeth semi-lunar, oblique, the median ones smaller. Height, 1.2; length, 1.2.
Localities.—Cliffs at Nelson (Hochstetter); Kanieri; Waikari.
91. L. zealandica, sp. nov. Ovato-orbicular, obliquely truncated behind, thick, convex, concentrically irregularly ribbed, and finely radiately striated; umbones prominent; hinge curved, the teeth
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
29
in the middle smaller; area triangular, transversely striated; margin flattened, entire; an elevated ridge from the interior of the umbo to the inside of the anterior adductor impression. Height '8; length, ·85.
Localities.—Awamoa.
Family-Nuculidæ.
SOLENELLA.
92. S. cumingi, Adams; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 81
Localities .—Cape Kidnappers; Conway River.
93. S. australis, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p.47.,pl.xiv.,f.2; not Leda australis, Quoy. Transversely oblong, rounded in front; produced and waved behind; posterior dorsal margin straight; posterior end truncated, slightly emarginate; ventral margin convex; valves with close rounded concentric striæ. Height,·8; length, 1.4.
Localities.—Conway River; Hampden; White Cliffs, Taranaki; Cliffs at Nelson (Hochstetter).
Family-Pectenidæ.
PECTEN.
94. P. zealandiæ, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 81.
Localities.—Motanau (U); Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Kaipara.
95. P radiatus, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 82.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Napier.
96. P. gemmulatus, Reeve; Gat. Marine Moll., p. 81.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
97. P. williamsoni, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ., p. 50, pl. ix., f 11. Ovate, higher than long, equivalve, slightly convex, regularly radiately ribbed; ribs twenty-five to thirty, slightly scaly, the median ones often smooth; ears unequal, with scaly ribs. Height, 1·16; length,
Localities.—Aotea, Auckland (Hochstetter); Baglan; Kaipuki Cliffs; Tata Island; Black-birch Creek; coast between Raglan and Port Waikato.
98. P. chathamensis, sp. nov. Ovato-trigonal, higher than long, equivalve, somewhat convex, regularly radiately ribbed; ribs about twenty, scaly, rounded, of equal breadth with the grooves, 'which are smooth; ears large, unequal, ribbed. Height, 1·3; length, 1·1.
Localities.— Chatham Islands; Castle Point, East Coast, Wellington; Broken River (L).
99 P. scandula, sp. nov. Ovato-trigonal, higher than long, compressed; with about thirty fine narrow radiating ribs; interspaces much broader, concentrically striated; ears very unequal, with scaly striæ. Height, 85; length, ·75.
Localities. —Kanieri.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
30
100 P. fischeri, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ., p. 53, pl. ix.,f. 1, 2. Small, sub-orbicular, equivalve, radiately ribbed; ribs numerous, keeled, smooth, sub-equal; interstices smooth; ears unequal, striated. Height, 53; length, ·53. .
Localities— Papakura; Port Waikato; Oamaru.
101. P. delicatula, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, rather compressed; with about twenty-seven narrow distant smooth rays, the interstices with three to five thin raised scaly lines; ears unequal, with radiating scaly ribs. Height, 2; length, 2.
Localities.—Castle Point, Wellington; Chatham Islands.
102 P. semiplicata, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, compressed, with five or six plications near the umbo, which disappear before reaching the margin, and numerous radiating ribs, the whole finely, but rattier strongly, concentrically striated. Height, 2·5(?). Fragments only.
Localities. —Napier; Castle Point, Wellington.
103. P. secta, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, longer than high , equivalve; left valve with seven to ten sharp flat plications, which are simple at the umbo but each divided into four or five ribs towards the margin; depressions between the plicæ with a single raised rib; interstices finely concentrically striated; right valve with eight plicæ, narrower than on the other valve, and splitting into two or four ribs; interstices with two raised ribs, finely concentrically striated; ears sub-equal, radiately ribbed, and transversely striated; a deep sulcus divides them from the shell. Height, 41; length, 4·5; thickness 1·4.
Localities. —Callighan's Creek, Stafford Town; Napier; Motanau (L); Hatter's Creek, Kanieri.
104. P. venosum, sp. nov.; Sector, Cat. Col. Mus., 1870, p. 189. Sub-orbicular, inequivalve; right valve with eleven broad rounded scaly ribs, with about two scaly lines in the depressions; left valve with nine narrow scaly ribs, with from four to six scaly lines between them; ears sub-equal, with radiating scaly ribs. Height, 15; length, 1·5.
Localities. —Oamaru.
105. P. hochstetteri, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ., p. 50, pl. xi., f. 5a, not sb. Sub-orbicular, rather longer than high, equivalve, equilateral, thin, compressed; both valves smooth; ears sub-equal, obtuse, smooth. Height, 2; length, 2·1.
Localities.—Winton; Caversham; Oamaru; Weka Pass; Curiosity Shop; Mount Cookson; Black-birch Creek; Point Elizabeth; Kaipuki; Cape Farewell; Raglan; Aotea (Hochstetter); Wangarei; Broken River (L).
106 P. hectori, sp nov. Sub-orbicular, thin, inequivalve, both valves finely radiately striated; the margin with rather broader ribs on the inside; ears sub-equal, finely transversely striated. Height, 41; length, 4·6.
Localities. —Chatham Islands; Brighton; Broken River (L).
107. P. laticostatus, Gray; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 82.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
31
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
108. P. triphooki, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ., p. 52, pl. xi.,f 4. Sub-orbicular, sub-equivalve, radiately ribbed; right valve with twenty to twenty-two rounded elevated ribs, of about equal width to the intermediate grooves; the ribs simple near the umbo, but slightly grooved towards the margin; grooves with a central raised line, which gets obsolete towards the umbo, the whole crossed with concentric striæ; left valve flatter, with twenty-three to twenty-five rounded ribs not so elevated as on the right valve, broader than the intermediate grooves; ribs simple near the umbo but grooved towards the margin; grooves generally with a central raised line near the margin; ears sub-equal, radiately ribbed and transversely striated. Height, 4·8; length, 4·8. Young shells have no rib in the grooves.
Localities. —Napier; Maunga-pakeha Taipo, East Coast, Wellington; Waitotara; Castle Point, East Coast, Wellington; Lyndon.
109. P. accrementa, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular; inequivalve; with from thirty to thirty-three radiating ribs.; ribs rounded, and on the right valve elevated; simple close to the umbo, but soon dividing into several smaller ones; interstices with a small central rib extending nearly to the umbo; the whole finely concentrically striated; ears(?). Height, 3·8; length, 3·8.
Localities.—Napier; Awatere; Motanau (L); Mount Caverhill.
110. P. diffluxa, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular; with twenty-five radiating ribs; ribs broad, flat, simple near the umbo, but grooved near the margin, and occasionally divided into two; covered with sharp scales; grooves round, narrower than the ribs, finely transversely striated, without any central raised line; ears sub-equal, radiately ribbed and transversely striated. Height, 3; length, 3.
Localities. —Weka Pass (M).
111. P. hutchinsoni, sp. nov.; Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., p. 183, &c. Sub-orbicular, inequivalve; right valve convex, with from thirty-five to forty radiating ribs ornamented with pointed scales, about equal to the interstices; interstices with an elevated scaly line down the centre; left valve flattened near the umbo, with from seventy to eighty fine scaly radiating lines; ears sub-equal, large, radiately ribbed, those of the left valve and the inner upper margin of the right anterior ear transversely striated. Height, 4·5; length, 4·5.
Localities. —Kaipuki; Oamaru; Weka Pass (M); Tata Island; Takaka.
112. P. beethami, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular; sub-equivalve; longer than high; right valve convex, with about fifty low radiating ribs, which in the middle are small and much narrower than the grooves, but get broader towards each end, and have a steep slope on the outer side, but on the inner gradually sloping; towards the margin they are crossed by undulating, imbricating, concentric striæ; left valve flatter, with numerous small radiating striæ, crossed by concentric, imbricating, scaly lamin æ; ears sub-equal. Height, 4·6; length, 55.
Localities. —Upoko Ngaruru, East Coast, Wellington.
32
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Var. B. —The imbricating striæ taking the form of pointed scales on the ribs only; middle ribs larger.
Localities. —Oamaru; Caversham.
113. P. crawfordi, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, inequivalve, longer than high; right valve convex, with five or six broad plications, the central ones deep near the umbo, but all getting shallow towards the margin, with numerous radiating sub-scaly ribs, crossed by fine concentric striæ; left valve compressed, flattened at the umbo, with four plications; exterior markings like the right valve; ears sub-equal, with radiating rugose ribs. Height, 2; length. 2·35.
Localities.—Maunga-pakeha Taipo, East Coast, Wellington.
114. P. athleta, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ., p. 49, pl. x., f. 1. Sub-orbicular; sub-equivalve, both valves with ten principal and other intermediate ribs; ears large, equal. Height, 7; length, 7·4.
Localities.—Motupipi (Hochstetter); Tata Island; Wangape Lake, Lower Waikato; Broken River (L).
115. P. burnetti, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ., p. 51, pl. x., f. 2. Sub-orbicular, equilateral, convex, with from four to seven plicæ, and numerous radiating ribs; ribs unequal, rounded; interstices sub-equal; the whole with fine concentric striæ. Height, 1·2; length, 1·2.
Localities.—Motupipi (Hochstetter); Oamaru; Tata Island; Takaka; Kawau; Winton; Raglan; Castle Point, East Coast, Wellington.
110. P. polymorphoides, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palœ, p. 51, pl. xi., f. 3. Ovate, equilateral, compressed, margin inflexed, quadriplicate; plicæ obsoletely striated or sub-smooth; inflexed margin striated; ears small, sub-equal. Height, ·65; length, ·6.
Localities. —Waikato, South Head; Weka Pass; Cape Rodney; Winton.
117. P. (Dentipecten) vellicatus, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 82.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Castle Point.
118. P. zittelli, Pecten (belonging to the group P. pleuronectes), Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 53. Sub-orbicular, compressed, smooth, with eleven internal ribs, which do not reach to the margin of the valves, the two upper ones very short; ears equal, obtuse, smooth. Height, ·85; length, ·8.
Localities. —Poverty Bay (L); Whangape Lake, Waikato; coast between Raglan and Port Waikato; Papakura (Hochstetter); Cape Kidnappers; Cobden.
HINNITES.
Irregular, adherent by right valve; ears unequal, hinge margin straight.
119. H. trailli, sp. nov. Solid; irregularly ovate (sub-orbicular when young); obscurely radiately ribbed, and irregularly concentrically folded and striated; hinge straight, edentulous; cartilage pit deep, elongated, curving backwards; ears sub-equal, transversely stri-
33
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
ated; adductor impression large, orbicular, strongly marked. Height, 3·4; length, 3·1.
Localities. —Awamoa.
LIMA.
120. L. lævigata, sp. nov. Large, broadly ovate, rather compressed, thin, equivalve, close; smooth; anterior dorsal margin straight; anterior ears very short. Height, 6·8; length, 65; thickness, 2·25.
Localities. —Waihola Gorge, Otago; Cobden.
121. L. colorata, sp. nov. Ovate, with eighteen to twenty-two radiating rounded ribs, crossed by imbricating concentric striæ, and occasionally a few scales at the anterior or posterior end; anterior ears none, posterior moderate; area large, deep, triangular. Yellowish brown, with concentric rosy-brown markings; interior white. Height, 2·7; length, 2·7.
Localities.—Awamoa.
122. L. paucisulcata, sp. Nov. Ovate, with eighteen radiating rounded ribs, which are smooth but crossed at distant intervals by scaly concentric lines; anterior and posterior ears small. Height, 2·2; length, 1·85.
Localities. —Kaipuki Cliffs; Cape Farewell; Caversham(?).
123. L. paleata, sp. nov. Ovate, with about twenty-five radiating rounded ribs, crossed by rather distant scaly concentric lines. Height, 2·1; length, 1·9.
Localities. —Curiosity Shop; Culverden; Oamaru; Cave Creek, Mount Somers.
124. L. multiradiata, sp. nov. Ovate, with about thirty radiating rounded ribs, crossed by rather distant scaly concentric lines. Height, 1·7; length, 1·6.
Localities. —Curiosity Shop.
125. L. crassa, sp. nov. Solid, broadly ovate, with eighteen radiating rounded ribs, crossed by rather distant scaly concentric lines; area very broad, triangular, transversely striated. Height, 23; length, 2·2.
Localities. —Lower Gorge of the Waipara.
126. L. linguatula, Var. B., Lamark, I.c. vii., p. 118. Ovate, thin, oblique; finely concentrically striated, and with numerous thin radiating slightly undulated ribs, which become obsolete towards the umbo; ears small, sub-equal. Height, 1; length, ·7.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
Found living in Tasmania.
127. L. bullata, Born; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 83.
Localities.—Waitotara; Broken River (L); Poverty Bay (L).
F
34
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
FAMILY—AwoMiiDiE.
PLACUNANOMIA.
128. P., sp. ind. Oval, transverse; upper valve thin, inflated, waved, smooth, and concentrically striated muscular impressions(?).
Localities.—Napier; Hurunui Mound; Broken River (U); Cave Creek, Mount Somers.
129. P. incisura, sp. nov. Sub-orbicular, compressed, waved, with concentric imbricating scaly laminæ; byssal notch very small, anterior; muscular impressions(?).
Localities.—Pareora Beds, Rangitata.
Family—Ostreidæ.
OSTREA.
130. O. purpurea, Hanley; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 84.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Manawatu Gorge, upper end.
131. O. virginica, Lamark; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 84.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
132. O. lutaria, Hutton, Cat. Marine Moll., p. 84.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
133. O. nelsoniana, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 55, pl. xi., f 7 (left valve). Shell irregular, elongato-ovate, thick, solid; valves sub-equal, the right more convex, gibbous, strongly concentrically laminated; anterior apex contorted; left valve flat, sometimes greatly thickened, concentrically rugosely foliated; umbones oblique, hinge broad; cartilage pit triangular; muscular impression large, lunate, posterior, hollowed. Height, 4·5; length, 3·O.
Localities. —Napier; Awatere; Motanau (L); Manawatu Gorge, upper end; Tata Island.
134. O. wullerstorfii, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 54, pl. xi., f. 6. Orbicular, flat, large, very thick; exterior rugosely plicated; plicae distant; gibbous; area small, acute, triangular, scarcely exceeding the margin, transversely striated; ligament pit short, hollowed, equally striated; muscular impression large, impressed, placed high up. Height, 5·6; length, 5·6.
Localities. —Coast north of Raglan; Cape Rodney; Kawau; Kaipuki Cliffs; Napier; Oamaru.
135. O. ingens, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 54, pl. xiii., f 3. Elongated, very large and thick, convex, beak produced; exterior gibbous, irregularly foliated; area bounded on both sides by a sulcus, transversely striated, greatly produced; pit triangular, hollowed; muscular impression large, posterior. Height, 8·8; length, 4·4.
Localities. —Waitotara; Napier; Castle Point; Parakino.
136. O. subdentata, sp. nov. Small, ovate, compressed; left valve larger and more convex, right flat; both concentrically striated;
35
BRACHIOPODA.
ligamental area small but broad, transversely striated, not hollowed; on each side a row of numerous small transverse teeth like stri æ; muscular impression oval, placed high up. Height, 1; length, ·8.
Localities. —Broken River (L).
137. O. incurva, sp. nov. Ovate, thick, convex, beak incurved; exterior gibbous, with concentric imbricating rather distant laminæ; area bounded on each side by a shallow sulcus, transversely striated, short and broad; pit triangular, curved, hollowed; muscular impression moderate, posterior, very deeply impressed, lunate. Height, 5·5; length, 4.
Localities.—Oamaru; Brighton.
138. O. corrugata sp. nov. Ovate, irregular, attached by the left valve; left valve convex, radiately ribbed, the ribs crossed by concentric, undulating, imbricating lamin æ; right valve flat, irregular, smooth, with concentric imbricating laminar plates round the margin. Height, 3; length, 2·6.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
GRYPHÆA.
Free, inequivalve; inferior valve large, concave; beak prominent, incurved, ending in an involute spire ; superior valve small, flat; hinge toothless; cardinal fossa oblong, arcuated.
139. G. tarda, sp. nov. Irregularly ovate, umbo of left valve incurved and bent slightly forwards; exterior smooth, with concentric striæ; right valve rather concave, often thickened near the margin, much smaller than the left valve; area broad, triangular, distinctly transversely striated; muscular impression sub-orbicular, rather flattened above, where it is deeply sunken, posterior, placed high up. Height, 2 4 ; length, 17.
Localities.—Chatham Islands.
Class —Brachiopoda.
Family-Terebratulidæ.
WALDHEMIA.
1. W. lenticularis, Deshayes; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 85.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); The Deans, Waipara; Waitotara; Napier; Parakino; Chatham Islands; Broken River (L); Kaipuki; Oamaru; Winton; Weka Pass (U); Curiosity Shop; Takaka; Tata Island; Black-birch Creek.
2. W. concentrica, sp. nov. Shell oval, concentrically striated; valves nearly equally convex; beak of ventral valve produced, slightly
36
BRACHIOPODA.
curved, thick, laterally keeled, truncated by a large foramen; deltidium large and solid; loop rather short, reflexed. Length, 1·65; breadth, 1·3; height, ·8
Localities. —Chatham Islands; Broken River (L); Culverden; Pakau; Castle Point.
3. W. triangulare, sp. nov.; Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., 1870, p. 189. Shell orbicular, smooth; inequivalve, ventral valve broadly keeled, with the sides flattened; beak much incurved, foramen complete, small; anterior margin with a downward sinuosity. Length, 2·1; breadth, 1·95; height, 1·4
Localities. —Oamaru; Weka Pass (U); Castle Point; Upper Wanganui River.
4. W.(?) sinuata, sp. nov. Shell orbicular-trigonal; valves sub-equal, smooth; beak very short, deltidium hidden; ventral valve with a broad marginal sinus; dorsal valve convex; margin much sinuated. Length, 1; breadth, ·8; height, ·5.
Localities. —Oamaru; Curiosity Shop; Broken River (L); Lyndon.
5. W. patagoinca, Sowerby; Terebratula patagonica, Sowerby, in Darwin's South America, p. 252. Shell, oval, smooth; valves nearly equally convex; beak of ventral valve produced, slightly curved, thick, laterally keeled, truncated by a large foramen; deltidium large and solid; loop elongated and reflexed. Length, 1·3; breadth, 1·1; height, ·75.
Localities. —Cobden; Culverden; Manawatu Gorge; Broken River (L).
6. W. tapirina, sp. nov. Shell sub-orbicular, smooth; valves nearly equally convex; beak of ventral valve produced, slightly curved, laterally keeled, foramen minute; deltidium large and solid. Length, ·85; breadth, ·8; height, ·45.
Localities.—Cobden.
7. W. gravida, Suess, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 56, pl. ix., f 5. Shell large, oval, smooth, valves nearly equally convex; beak short, thick, not keeled laterally; foramen very large; deltidium small.
Length, 31; breadth, 215; height, 1·75.
Localities. —Culverden; Broken River (L).
TEREBRATELLA.
8. T. cruenta, Dellwyn; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 85.
Localities.—Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff.
9. T. rubicunda, Solander; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 85.
Localities.—Wanganui (U).
10. T. dorsata, Gmelin. Shell broadly ovate, somewhat trilobed, radiately ridged, the lateral ridges more oblique than the mesial; margins denticulate; dorsal valve with a broad and shallow central depression; beak short; foramen very large, incomplete; deltidia small, triangular, separate; hinge area large, rather flattened; loop
37
BRACHIOPODA.
elongated, reflected, attached to a central septum. Length, 12; breadth, 1·2; height, ·5.
Localities. —Cape Rodney.
11. T. gaulteri, Morris, Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc., vi., 1850, p. 329. Shell sub-trigonal, smooth, both valves nearly equal and rather depressed; lateral margins sinuous; ventral valve with an acute and slightly recurved beak, the foramen below it; the anterior margin with a broad sinus, producing a corresponding arched elevation in the smaller valve.—(Morris.)
Localities.—Raglan; Curiosity Shop.
12. T. suessi, sp. nov. Shell ovate, finely radiately striated; valves sub-equal; foramen large, incomplete; ventral valve with a slight but broad depression, almost obsolete. Length, ·75; breadth, ·55; height, ·4.
Localities.—Curiosity Shop; Broken River (L); Chatham Islands.
MAGAS.
13. M. cummingii, Davidson; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 86.
Localities. —Motanau (U); Wanganui (U); Shakespeare Cliff; Parakino, Upper Wanganui.
14. M. evansi, Davidson; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 86.
Localities.—Shakespeare Cliff.
Family- Rhynchonellidæ.
RHYNCHONELLA.
15. R. nigricans, Sowerby; Cat. Marine Moll., p. 87.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff; Awamoa; Waitotara; Parakino; Cape Eodney; Curiosity Shop; Culverden; Broken River (L).
16. R. squamosa, sp. nov. Shell irregular, more or less orbicular; valves inequal, the ventral flatter, and with a deep groove; dorsal valve very convex; both with fine radiating scaly striæ. Length, ·7; breadth, ·75; height, ·5.
Localities.—Broken River (M).
Easily distinguished from R. nigricans by its more numerous striæ.
38
ECHINODERMATA.
ANNULOIDA.
Class —Eehinodermata.
Order—Chinoidea.
Body fixed during the whole or a portion of the life of the animal by means of a jointed stalk.
Family-Pentacrinidæ
Chalice small, stem pentagonal, surmounted by long arms.
PENTACRINUS.
Chalice composed of two series of plates, the lower ones small, the upper large.
1. P. stellatus, sp. nov. Stem formed of pentagonal plates, the sides of which are deeply indented, leaving five acute points; from each point radiates inward a double row of transverse teeth forming a five-petaloid star, the median lines from the centre to the points being smooth. Diameter, ·4.
Localities.—Curiosity Shop; Chatham Islands.
2. P. rotatus, sp. nov. Stem sub-pentagonal, or nearly cylindrical; joints with a five-rayed raised star, and a raised ring round the margin, the rays of the star radiating to the sides of the pentagon, making the interspaces sub-quadrate; middle of each ray grooved, centre depressed; a series of teeth round the inner side of the raised margin. Diameter, ·3.
Localities. —Pakau.
ASTROPECTEN.
3. A. sandersoni, sp. nov. Rays not much longer than the diameter of the disc, tapering rapidly with straight sides, and bordered with tubercles; lower surface with thick transverse plates, which are shorter than in A. armatus. Diameter, inches.
Localities. —Waikari River. Presented by W. Sanderson, Esq.
CIDARIS.
4. C. Striata, sp. nov. Tubercles large, perforated, about five or six in a row; one tubercle on each interambulacral plate, none on the ambulacral; depressions surrounded by small tubercles, and separated
ECHINODERMATA.
39
from one another by transversely striated spaces; interambulacral spaces very narrow, with four rows of minute tubercles.
Localities. —Brighton.
ECHINUS.
5. E. chloroticus, Agassiz; Cat. N.Z. Echinodermata, p. 11.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
6. E. albocinctus, Hutton, Cat. N.Z. Echinodermata, p. 12.
Localities. —Shakespeare Cliff.
7. E. enysi, sp. nov. Height about three-fourths of diameter; rows of pores obliquely parallel, three pairs in a row, ambulacral plate with one primary tubercle; interambulacral with four, of which the third from the ambulacra is considerably larger. Diameter, 1.
Localities. —Broken River (L).
ARACHNOIDES
8. A. zealandiæ, Gray; Cat. N.Z. Echinodermata, p. 12.
Localities. —Wanganui (U); Castle Point; Awamoa.
9. A. conica, sp. nov. Obtusely conical above; margin sinuated; ambulacra nearly straight, with about fifty pairs of pores; interambulacral spaces hollowed, irregularly distantly granulated; ambulacral spaces raised on the edges, but depressed towards the middle, down which runs a smooth groove; granules arranged in curved oblique lines sloping outwards and towards the groove; below the same, but the granules are larger, and the interambulacral spaces broader. Diameter, 2·8.
Localities.—Awamoa.
Family—Galeritidæ
Elongated or sub-circular, covered with small tubercles; anus posterior or inferior; ambulacra simple.
CARATOMUS.
Mouth angular, oblique; anus infra-marginal.
10. C. nuperus, sp. nov. Ovate, inflated, papillose, apex central; mouth sub-central, oval, oblique, situated in a deep depression; vent infra-marginal, moderate, oblique; ambulacra stellate, the anterior pair petaloid, acutely pointed; posterior pair with parallel sides and truncated at the end; odd anterior ambulacrum shorter, truncated, pores distinct. Length, 1·6; breadth, 1·35; height, ·85.
Localities. —The Deans, Waipara.
Family — Nucleolitidæ.
Like Galeritida, but the ambulacra petaloid.
NUCLEOLITES.
Sub-carinated; anus superior; mouth pentagonal, not margined.
ECHINODERMATA.
40
11. N. papillosum, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 62, pl. ix.,f 2. Body sub-quadrangular, oblong, depressed, papillose; apex eccentric; genital pores four; ambulacra petaloid, unequal, pores not joined; anus placed in a deep sulcus, margins distant; peristome pentagonal, sub-central. Length, ·95; breadth, ·7; height, ·3.
Localities.—West Coast south of Port Waikato (Hochstetter).
This species is not represented in the Colonial Museum.
Family—Spatangidæ.
HEMIPATAGUS.
Ambulacra petaloid, lodged in deep grooves; no peripetalous fasciole; anus supra-marginal.
12. H. formosus, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 63., pl. xii.,f 2. Body depressed, cordate, broader behind; apex sub-central; lateral ambulacra petaloid, open, pores close, each pair connected by a groove; anterior ambulacrum placed in a rather shallow groove; pores subobsolete the four anterior interambulacral spaces with numerous tubercles arranged in series; posterior smooth; peristome transverse, lipped; ventral surface with numerous papillae. Length, 2·55; breadth, 2·15.
Localities. —Cape Farewell; Black-birch Creek; Curiosity Shop; Waimea Plains, Southland.
13. H. tuberculatus, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p.63,pl. xii., f. 1 Body ovato-cordiform, emarginate in front, blunt behind, keeled; apex central; genital pores four; lateral ambulacra petaloid, open, pores connected by a groove, anterior ambulacrum m a deepish groove, pores sub-obsolete; the four anterior interambulacral spaces with a few large tubercles irregularly placed, posterior smooth; tubercles circular; deeply margined; margins of peristome approximating in front, lipped, transverse. Length, 2·55; breadth, 2·15.
Localities. —Cape Farewell.
MACROPNEUSTES.
Ambulacral petals elongated, open; a lateral fasciole passing above the anus.
14 M spatangiformis, sp. nov.; Echinolrissus spatangiformis, Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., p. 192. Ovato-cordiform; vertex rather anterior; surface minutely granular, and with larger scattered papillæ; ambulacra long, open at the end; mouth eccentric; vent posterior; peripetalous fasciole none(?). Length, 3·5; breadth, 3·2; height, 1·75.
Localities. —Cobden.
15. M. cordatus, sp. nov.; Echinobrissus cordatus, Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., p. 192. Orbicular, cordiform, elevated; vertex rather anterior; ambulacra long, open; mouth eccentric; vent posterior.
Length, 2·7; breadth, 2·8; height, 2.
Localities. —Cobden.
41
ECHINODERMATA.
16. M. australis, sp. nov. Oval, elevated, vertex sub-anterior; surface covered with small irregularly placed tubercles, most of which are crenulated round the margin; mouth eccentric. Length, 3·5; breadth, 2·75; height, 1·75.
Localities.—Cobden.
EUPATAGUS.
Oval; ambulacra unequal; some large tubercles between the petals, limited by a peripetalous fasciole.
17. E. greyi, sp. nov. Brissus greyi, Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., 1870. Shell thin, oval; vertex posterior; interambulacral areas with many tubercles, each situated on a crenulated base, posterior area smooth; ambulacra petaloid, in broad shallow grooves, the posterior pair shorter; pores of the anterior odd ambulacrum obliterated; anterior groove deep, not extending to the vertex; peripetalous fasciole distinct, not sinuated. Length, 4·7; breadth, 3·7.
Localities.—Cobden.
AMPIHIDOTUS.
18. A. Sulcatus,, sp. nov. Orbicular-cordate; anterior groove deep and angled on each side; posterior lateral ambulacra shorter, both pairs slightly curved. Length, 2·7; breadth, 2·9.
Localities.—Oamaru.
KLEINIA.
Vertex sub-central; lateral ambulacra sunken, confluent near the vertex, where the inner pores are nearly obliterated, anterior pair diverging, posterior pair nearly parallel.
19. K. conjuncta, sp. nov. Ovato-cordate, depressed, edge thin, tubercles on the back small and equal; apex slightly anterior; ambulacra sunk in deep grooves; anterior pair sub-petaloid, bent rather backwards; posterior pair longitudinal, coalescent nearly as far as the apices, which diverge; anterior odd ambulacrum sunk in a deep groove that forms a deep notch in the anterior margin, pores distinct; peripetalous fasciole indistinct. Length, 1·85; breadth, 1·65; height, ·5.
Localities. —Grey River.
In form and in the presence of an anterior groove this species approaches Tripylus, but the longitudinal position of the posterior pair of ambulacra keep it out of that genus, while the distinct pores of the anterior ambulacrum take it out of Brissus.
BRISSUS.
Anterior ambulacra rather transverse, posterior longitudinal, odd ambulacra almost obsolete; apex eccentric.
20. B. eximius, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 65, pl. xii., f 3. Large, oblong, depressed, keeled behind, papillose; apex anterior; ambulacra petaloid, unequal; the anterior obsolete, hardly conspicuous;
G
42
ECHINODERMATA.
anterior pair widely diverging, deep, forming a transverse line; posterior close together ; anus marginal; peristome margined, anterior, lipped. Length, 5·5; breadth, 4 35.
Localities. —Motupipi (Hochstetter); Waikata South Head (Hochstetter).
This species is not represented in the Colonial Museum.
BRISSIOPSIS.
A mbulacra short, broad; apical part of odd ambulacra with large pores; apes sub-median; tubercles crenulated.
21. B. hectori, sp. nov. Oblong, anterior ambulacrum short, truncated, deeply sunk, straight, pores well marked ; lateral ambulacra, sub-equal, posterior rather longer, sub-petaloid, in shallow grooves; apex sub-central. Length, 2 25; breadth, 1·65; height, ·95.
Localities. —Brighton.
22. B. alta, sp. nov. Ovate, elevated, higher behind; anterior ambulacrum slightly sunk; laterals in shallow grooves; anterior pair rather transverse; posterior longitudinal; apex anterior; mouth very eccentric, lipped. Length, 2; breadth, 1·75; height, 1·4.
Localities.—Oamaru.
HEMIASTER
Like Brissiopsis. but without a sub-anal fasciole.
23. H. posita, sp. nov. Cordate, inflated, posterior end higher, apex sub-central, covered with small tubercles; ambulacra stellate, the posterior lateral pair shorter and with the pores on the inner side near the apex obliterated; lateral ambulacra rather sunken, sub-petaloid, blunt at their apices; odd anterior ambulacrum rectilinear, in a shallow groove that extends round the anterior end to the mouth; no sub-anal nor peripetalous fasciole. Length, 2·35; breadth; 2·15; height at posterior end, 1·5.
Localities. —Curiosity Shop.
MEOMA,
Heart-shaped; vertex sub-central; ambulacra in deep grooves, the odd anterior one entirely obliterated.
24. M. crawfordi, sp. nov.; Brissus crawfordi and B. brevipetalata, Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., 1870, p. 190; not B. brevipetalata, I.c., p. 192. Cordate, depressed, cohered with small sunken tubercles; apex rather anterior; ambulacra long, deeply sunken, anterior pair rather shorter, odd anterior entirely obliterated; anterior groove shallow near the apex, but deepening'gradually, and forming a deep anterior sinus; peripetalous fasciole very sinuous, with a deep inflection just above the anterior lateral ambulacra; posterior ambulacra nearly straight, anterior slightly curved forwards. Length, 4· 8; breadth, 4·4; height, 1·6.
43
ECHINODWEMATA.
Localities. —Oamaru; Curiosity Shop; Waimea Plains, Southland; Caversham (drawing).
25. M. tuberculata, sp. nov. Oval, depressed, some of the tubercles at the anterior end larger, and raised; apex anterior; ambulacra sunken, petaloid, unequal, the anterior pair shorter; odd anterior ambulacrum entirely obliterated; anterior groove shallow. Length, 3·35; breadth, 2·8; height, 1·1.
Localities: —Broken River (L).
26. M. brevipetalata, sp. nov.; Brissws brevipetalata, Hector, Cat. Col. Mus., 1870, p. 192. Orbicular-cordate; vertex sub-central; lateral ambulacra narrow, sub-equal, short, less than half the distance from the apex to the margin; anterior odd ambulacrum obliterated, situated in a shallow groove, which extends round the margin; peripetalous fasciole indistinct, apparently sinuated. Length, 4; breadth, 3·8.
Localities. —Cobden.
SCHIZASTER.
Depressed in front, high and narrow behind; apex eccentric; anterior ambulacra nearly parallel to the odd anterior one, which is very broad and deep; posterior ambulacra much deeper.
27. S. lyoni, sp. nov. Ovate, broad in front, and narrowed behind, depressed; apex posterior, surface smooth; lateral ambulacra narrow, straight, sunk; the posterior pair only one-third of the length of the anterior; anterior groove narrow and deep; peripetalous fasciole flexuous. Length, 4 5; breadth, 4.
Localities.—Cobden; Culverden.
28. S. ro tundatus, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palæ., p. 64, pl. xi., f 1. Sub-orbicular, elevated behind, with numerous papillæ, apex approaching the posterior margin, two genital pores; anterior odd ambulacrum placed in a deep,broad groove; anterior pair petaloid, curved, directed towards the anterior margin, rather long, sunk, closed, pores joined in pairs; posterior pair very short; anus supra-marginal, peristome lipped, transverse. Length, 19; breadth, 19; height, 1.
Localities. —Waikato South Head; Oamaru; Aotea (Hochstetter); Cape Farewell (Hochstetter); Weka Pass (L).
29. S. exoletus, sp. nov. Sab-orbicular, narrower behind, depressed; ambulacra in deep grooves, posterior pair broad and rounded at the end, about half of the length of the anterior pair, which are also moderately broad and straight; anterior groove broad and deep to the apex. Length, 1·5; breadth, 1·45.
Localities. —Grey River; Pakarori River, West Coast of Nelson.
45
INDEX TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES.
[The synonyms are printed in italics.]
Page
Amphibola ... ... ... 17
avellana ... ... ... 17
Amphidotus ... ... ... 41
sulcatus ... ... ... 41
Ancillaria ... ... ... 6
australis ... ... ... 6
hebera ... ... ... 6
pomahaka ... ... ... 6
Arachnoides ... ... ... 39
conica ... ... ... 39
zealandise ... ... ... 39
Astarte ... ... ... 25
australis ... ... ... 25
Astropecten ... ... ... 38
sandersoni ... ... ... 38
Barbatia ... ... ... ... 27
sinuata ... ... ... 27
Bela ... ... ... ... 5
striata ... ... ... ... 5
Brissiopsis ... ... ... 4-2
alta ... ... ... ... ... 42
liectori ... ... ... 42
Brissus ... ... ... ... ... 41
brevipetalata ... ... ... 43
crawfordi ... ... ... 42
eximius ... ... ... 41
greyi ... ... ... ... 41
Buccinulus ... ... ... 16
albus ... ... ... ... 16
kirki ... ... ... ... 16
Buccinum ... ... ... ... 5
carinatum ... ... ... 6
costatum ... ... ... 5
inflatum ... ... ... 6
robinsoni ... ... ... 5
zealandicum ... ... ... 5
Callista ... ... ... ... 21
disrupta ... ... ... 21
elegans ... ... ... 21
Calyptræa ... ... ... 13
maculata ... ... ... 13
Caratomus ... ... ... 39
nuperus ... ... ... 39
Cardium ... ... ... ... 23
greyi ... ... ... ... 23
patulum ... ... ... 23
spatiosum ... ... ... 23
striatulum ... ... ... 23
Cassidaria ... ... ... 8
sulcata ... ... ... 8
Cassis ... ... ... 8
pyrum ... ... ... ... 8
striatus ... ... ... 8
Cerithium ... ... ... 11
cancellation ... ... ... 12
nodulosum ... ... ... 12
rugatum ... ... ... 11
Chione ... ... ... ... 21
acuminata ... ... ... 21
assimilis ... ... ... 21
gibbosa ... ... ... 21
mesodesma ... ... ... 21
stuchburyi ... ... ... 21
vellicata ... ... ... 21
yatei ... ... ... ... 21
Cidaris ... ... ... ... 38
striata ... ... ... ... 38
Cladopoda... ... ... ... 13
monilifera ... ... ... 13
zealandica ... ... ... 13
Conus ... ... ... ... 10
ornatus ... ... ... 10
trailli ... ... ... ... 10
Corbula ... ... ... ... 18
dubia ... ... ... ... 18
macilenta ... ... ... 18
zealandica ... ... ... 18
Crassatella ... ... ... 24
ampla ... ... ... ... 24
attenuata ... ... ... 24
trailli ... ... ... ... 24
Crenella ... ... ... ... 25
discors ... ... ... ... 25
elongata ... ... ... 25
Page
INDEX TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES.
Page
Crypta ... ... ... ... 14
contorta ... ... ... 14
costata ... ... ... ... 14
incurva ... ... ... 14
profunda ... ... ... 14
striata ... ... ... ... 14
Cucullæa .. ... ... ... 27
alta ... ... ... ... 27
attenuata ... ... ... 28
ponderosa ... ... ... 27
worthingtoni ... ... ... 27
Cyclina ... ... ... ... 22
dispar ... ... ... ... 22
kroyeri ... ... ... 22
Cylichna ... ... ... ... 16
enysi ... ... ... ... 16
striata ... ... ... ... 16
Cytherea ... ... ... ... 21
enysi ... ... ... ... 21
Darina ... ... ... ... 20
pusilla ... ... ... ... 20
Dentalium ... ... ... ... 1
conicum ... ... ... 1
giganteum ... ... ... 2
irregularis ... ... ... 1
lævis ... ... ... ... 2
mantelli ... ... ... 1
nanum ... ... ... 1
pacificum ... ... ... 1
solidum ... .... ... 2
tenuis ... ... ... ... 1
Dosinia ... ... ... ... 22
grayi ... ... ... ... 22
magna... ... ... ... 22
subrosea ... ... ... 22
Echinobrissus S patangiformis ... 40
cordatus ... ... ... 40
Echinus ... ... ... ... 39
albocinctus ... ... ... 39
chloroticus ... ... ... 39
enysi ... ... ... ... 39
Emarginula ... ... ... 16
striatula ... ... ... 16
Eupatagus ... ... ... 41
greyi ... ... ... ... 41
Fusus ... ... ... ... 2
australis ... ... ... 2
corticatus ... ... ... 3
crawfordi ... ... ... 3
dilatatus ... ... ... 3
linea ... ... ... ... 3
littorinoides ... ... ... 3
mandarinus ... ... ... 3
nodosus ... ... ... 3
pensum ... ... ... 2
plebeus ... ... ... 3
plicatilis ... ... ... 3
triton ... ... ... ... 3
zealandicus ... ... ... 2
Page
Gibbula ... ... ... ... 18
nitida ... ... ... ... 16
sanguinea ... ... ... 16
Gryphæa ... ... ... ... 35
tarda ... ... ... ... 35
Haliotis ... ... ... ... 16
iris ... ... ... ... 16
Hemipatagus ... ... ... 40
formosus ... ... ... 40
tuberculatus ... ... ... 40
Hemiaster ... ... ... 42
posita ... ... ... ... 42
Hiatula ... ... ... ... 20
nitida ... ... ... ... 20
Hinnites ... ... ... ... 32
trailli ... ... ... ... 32
Imperator ... ... ... 15
imperialis ... ... ... 15
Kleinia ... ... ... ... 41
conjuncta ... ... ... 41
Labio ... ... ... ... 16
hectori ... ... ... 16
Lachesis ... ... ... ... 5
sulcata ... ... ... 5
Lima ... ... ... ... 33
bullata ... ... ... 33
colorata ... ... ... 33
crassa ... ... ... 33
lævigata ... ... ... 33
linguatula ... ... ... 33
multiradiata ... ... ... 33
paleata ... ... ... 33
paucisulcata ... ... ... 33
Limopsis ... ... ... ... 28
insolita ... ... ... 28
zealandica ... ... ... 28
Lithodomus ... ... ... 26
striatus ... ... ... 26
Lucina ... ... ... ... 24
divaricata ... ... ... 24
Lutraria ... ... ... ... 19
solida ... ... ... ... 15
sulcata ... ... ... ... 19
Macropneustes ... ... ... 40
australis ... ... ... 40
cordatus ... ... ... 40
spatangiformis ... ... 40
Mactra ... ... ... ...
æquilatera ... ... ... 18
attenuata ... ... ... 18
discors... ... ... ... 18
elegans ... ... ... 19
inflata ... ... ... ... 18
rudis ... ... ... ... 19
triangulare ... ... ... 19
Magas 37
cumingi ... ... ... 37
evansi ... ... ... ... 37
Marginella ... ... ... 8
albescens ... ... ... 8
46
INDEX TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES.
47
Marginella—continued.
Page
dubia ... ... ... ... 8
ventricosa ... ... ... 8
Meoma ... ... ... ... 42
brevipetalata ... ... ... 43
crawfordi ... ... ... 42
tuberculata ... ... ... 43
Mesodesma ... ... ... 20
chemnitzii ... ... ... 10
cuneata ... ... ... 20
grandis ... ... ... 20
Mitra ... ... ... ... 7
apicalis ... ... ... 7
en y si ... ... ... 7
Monilea ... ... ... 16
zealandica ... ... ... 16
Mulinia ... ... ... 19
notata ... ... ... ... 19
Murex ... ... ... 2
lyratus... ... ... ... 2
octogonus ... ... ... 2
zealandicus ... ... ... .2
Myodora ... ... ... 18
striata ... ... ... ... 16
Mysia ... ... ... ... 24
zealandica ... ... ... 24
Mytilus ... ... ... ... 25
magellanicus ... ... ... 25
Mytilicardia ... ... ... 25
excavata ... ... ... 25
Natica ... ... ... ... 8
callosa... ... ... ... 9
ovata ... ... ... ... 9
solida ... ... ... ... 9
vitrea ... ... ... ... 9
zealandica ... ... ... 8
Neæra... ... ... ... 18
kirki ... ... ... ... 18
Neritella ... ... ... ... 14
nitida ... ... ... ... 15
Nucleolites ... ... ...39
papillosus ... ... ... 40
Odostomia... ... ... ... 10
lactea ... ... ... ... 10
Ostrea ... ... ... ... 34
corrugata ... ... ... 35
incurva ... ... ... 35 1
ingens 34
lutaria... ... ... ... 34
nelsoniana... ... ... 34
purpurea ... ... ... 34
subdentata ... ... ... 34
virginiaca ... ... ... 34
wullerstorfi ... ... ... 34
Panopæa ... ... ... ... 17
plicata... ... ... ... 17
worthingtoni ... ... ... 17
zealandica ... ... ... 17
Pecten ... ... ... ... 29
accrementa ... ... ... 31
athleta... ... ... ... 32
beethami .. ... ... 31
Pecten—continued.
Page
burnetti ... ... ... 32
chathamensis ... ... ... 29
crawfordi ... ... ... 32
delicatula ... ... ... 30
difluxa ... ... ... 31
fischeri ... ... .. 30
gemmulatus ... ... ... 29
hectori ... ... 30
hochstetteri ... ... ... 30
hutchinsoni ... ... ... 31
laticostatus ... ... ... 30
polymorphoides ... ... 32
radiatus ... ... 29
scandula ... ... ... 29
secta ... ... ... ... 30
semiplicata ... ... ... 30
triphooki. ... ... ... 31
vellicatus ... ... ... 32
venosum ... ... ... 30
williamsoni ... ... ... 29
zealandiæ ... ... ... 29
zitelli ... ... ... ... 32
Pectunculus ... ... ... 28
cordatus ... ... ... 28
globosus ... ... ... 28
laticostatus ... ... ... 28
striatularis ... ... ... 28
traversi ... ... 28
Pentacrinus ... ... ... 38
rotatus ... ... ... 38
stellatus ... ... ... 38
Perna ... ... ... ... 26
zealandiea ... ... ... 26
Pholadidea ... ... ... 17
tridens... ... ... ... 17
Phorus ... ... ... ... 13
onustus ... ... ... 13
Pilæopsis ... ... ... ... 14
radiatus ... ... ... 14
incinatus ... ... ... 14
Pinna ... ... ... ... 26
distans... ... ... ... 26
lata ... ... ... ... 26
plicata ... ... ... 26
zealandica ... ... ... 26
Placunanomia .. ... ... 34
incisura ... ... ... 34
Pleurtoma ... ... ... 4
awamoaensis ... ... ... 4
buchanani ... ... ... 4
hebes ... ... ... ... 4
lævis ... ... ... ... 4
latescens ... ... ... 4
novæ-zealandise ... ... 4
pagoda ... 5
striata... ... ... ... 4
sulcata... ... ... ... 4
trailli ... ... ... ... 4
wanganuiensis ... ... 4
Polydonta ... ... ... 15
tiarata... ... ... ... 15
INDEX TO THE GENEEA AND SPECIES.
48
Page
Protocardium ... ... ... 23
serum ... ... ... ... 20
Psammobia ... ... ... ... 20
lineolata ... ... ... 20
stangeri ... ... ... 20
Purpura ... ... ...6
conoidea ... ... ...6
excursa ... ... ... 6
succincta ... ... ... 6
textiliosa ... ... ... 6
Rynchoneela ... ... ... 37
nigricans ... ... ... 37
squamosa ... ... ...37
Rissoa ... ... ... 12
vana ... ... ... ... 12
Rotella ... ... ... ... 15
zealandica ... ... ... 10
Saxicaya ... ... ... ... 18
arctica ... ... ... ... 18
Scalaria ... ... ... ... 9
browni ... ... ... 10
intermedia ... ... ... 10
lyrata ... ... ... ... 9
rotunda ... ... ... 10
Schizaster ... ... ... 43
exoletus ... ... ... 43
lyoni ... ... ... ... 43
rotundatus ... ... ... 43
Sigaretus ... ... ... ... 9
subglobosus ... ... ... 9
Siphonaria ... ... ... 17
denticulata ... ... ... 17
Solenella ... ... ... ... 29
australis ... ... ... 29
cumingi ... ... ... 29
Struthiolaria ... ... ... 10
canaliculata ... ... ... 10
cincta ... ... ... ... 11
cingulata ... ... ... 11
nodulosa ... ... ... 10
scutulata ... ... ...10
senex ... ... ... ... 11
sulcata... ... ... ... 10
tuberculata ... ... ... 11
vermis... ... ... ... 10
Tapes ... ... ... ... 22
curta ... ... ... ... 22
intermedia ... ... ... 22
Tellina ... ... ... ... 20
albinella ... ... ... 20
deltoidalis... ... ... 20
lintea ... ... ... ... 20
Terebratella ... ... ... 36
cruenta ... ... ... 36
dorsata ... ... ... 36
gaulteri ... ... ... 37
rubicunda ... ... ... 36
suessii ... ... ... ... 37
Thracia ... ... ... ... 19
granulosa ... ... ... 19
Trichotropis ... ... ... 11
inornata ... ... ... 11
Trigonia ... ... ... ... 26
pectinata ... ... ... 27
semiundulata ... ... ... 27
Trigonocœlia insolita ... ... 28
Triton ... ... ... ... 5
minimus ... ... ... 5
spengleri ... ... ... 5
Trochita ... ... ... ... 13
dilatata ... ... ... 14
tenuis ... ... ... ... 13
Trochus ... ... ... ...15
circinatus ... ... ... 15
stoliczkai ... ... ... 15
Tugali ... ... ... ... 15
elegans ... ... ... 16
Turbo ... ... ... ... 15
granosus ... ... ... 15
rubicundus ... ... ... 15
superbus ... ... ... 15
Turitella ... ... ... ... 12
ambulacrum ... ... ... 12
bicincta ... ... ... 13
fulminata ... ... ... 13
gigantea ... ... ... 12
ornata ... ... ... ... 13
pagoda ... ... ... ... 12
rosea ... ... ... ... 12
tricincta ... ... ... 13
vittata ... ... ... 12
Typhis ... ... ... 2
zealandica ... ... ... 2
Unio ... ... ... ... 25
auckandica ... ... ... 25
inflata ... ... ... 25
Venericardia ... ... ... 23
australis ... ... ... 23
intermedia ... ... ... 24
Venus ... ... ... ... 20
oblonga ... ... ... 20
zealandicus ... ... ... 20
Voluta ... ... ... ... 7
corrugata 7... ... ...
elongata 7... ... ...
gracilicostata ... ... ... 7
kirki ... ... ... ... 7
pacifica ... ... ... 7
Volvaria ... ... ... ... 8
ficoides ... ... ... 8
Waldheimia 35... ... ...
concentrica ... ... ... 35
gravida ... ... ... 36
lenticularis ... ... ... 35
patagonica ... ... ... 36
sinnata ... ... ... 36
tapirna ... ... ... 36
triangulare ... ... ... 36
Zenatia ... ... ... 19
acinaces ... ... ... 19
Page
Permanent link to this item
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/books/ALMA1872-9915982213502836-Catalogue-of-the-Echinodermata-o
Bibliographic details
APA: Hutton, Frederick Wollaston. (1872). Catalogue of the Echinodermata of New Zealand : with diagnoses of the species. James Hughes, Printer.
Chicago: Hutton, Frederick Wollaston. Catalogue of the Echinodermata of New Zealand : with diagnoses of the species. Wellington, N.Z.: James Hughes, Printer, 1872.
MLA: Hutton, Frederick Wollaston. Catalogue of the Echinodermata of New Zealand : with diagnoses of the species. James Hughes, Printer, 1872.
Word Count
51,694
Catalogue of the Echinodermata of New Zealand : with diagnoses of the species Hutton, Frederick Wollaston, James Hughes, Printer, Wellington, N.Z., 1872
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