THE IDEA IN THE COMPOSITION OF PROBLEMS.

Otago Witness, Issue 2490, 4 December 1901, Page 62

THE IDEA IN THE COMPOSITION OF PROBLEMS.

[White.] Mate m 2 moves. 8, 3 Q B 3, 1 p 3 P 2, 1 r 4 k p, 7 Xt, 6 F 1, r b P 5, 6 kt K. Solution:—! B-Q R 3.

[White.] Mate in 3 moves. 8, 2X5,2ppQ82,3 i) 2 P 1, 1 p r Ik, 8, 3 b P 2 P, 7 B.

(By A. W. Galitzky.) Translated from La Rivista Scacchistica Italians. (Continued from the Witness of October 30.)

COMPOSITE DEEPENING

To this class belong those cases in which the problem is accompanied by variations till, from the first move and afterwards, ix appears amplified. Siich variations may be either primary or secondary. and therefore I divide those cases into two distinct classes: (a) composite general deepening ; (b) composite separative deepening; and here I add a third cla«s, (c/ composite deepening accompanied by variations which have, by their origin, analogy with the main play.

(a) Composite General Deepening.

A very simple problem — that is to ipv, a problem with a simple idea — thus comes to be lengthened as much as you please m the solution, and also thus deepened, since the deepening itself becomes amplified by variations which complete the main play. Such consequent amplification occurs in the four following ways: — (1) General deepening, with a consequent simple amplification, strong in variations. Instances of this aie given in previous diagrams.

(2) General deepening, with symmetrical amplification. The problem with the idea of diagiam 30, consisting in moves of the bishop, is in diagram 44 deepened from a three into a four mover, and in consequence symmetrically amplified. (3) General deepening, with consequent analogous amplification. An example of this kind was given in diagram 32. . The idea of the sacrifice of the queen with a consecutive diagonal mate was originally expressed by the author (Dr Galitzky) in a problem in three moves, and by giving mate with a bishop only : — 8, IKt 6, 6 Q 1, 3."P kt 2 r, 2 kt kt 4, 7 B, 1 B 6t6 t 4 X 3, in three moves: 1 KlB 2, k-q 4; 2 Q-K 6 eh ; 3 B-Kt 2 mate.

Diagiam 44. [Black.]

[White.] Mate in 4 moves. 8, 3 p 1 k 2, 3 Xt 1 p % Xt P B 1 k 3, 1 p 3 p 2, 2 P 2 p 2, 2 P 2 P 2, 8. Solution:— l P-B 4, p-k b 4; 2 Kt-Q Xt 7. p-q kt 6; 3 B-R 3. 1 p-q kt 3; 2Ktx P, p-k b4 ; 3 B-Q R7, etc.

(4) General deepening, with consequent multiplication. The problem shown in diagiam 46 will serve as an example in. which, except ■with an insignificant difference, the lelea, of diagram 45 is repeated three times.

Diagram 45. [Black.]

Diagram 46. [Black.]

Solution : —1 B-K 83, p-q kt 6 ; 2 B-Q 83, etc. 1 , b-q b6; 2 B-Q 4, etc. 1 ■ , k-k 4; 2 B-K 5, etc.

(b) Composite Separative Deepening. It is of practical importance to distinguish well the composite separative deepening. By this expression is intended the composite deepening in which all variants of the primitive simple idea are separately deepened. The variants singly deepened are now again icunited in one whole by means of a common first move. In this case the variants do not complete the original simple idea as in the composite general deepening, but being derivatives from it, they unite themselves with it. The following are examples.

Diagram 47. [Black.]

[White.] Mate la 2 moves. 8, p. 7, P 7, k 1 kt 5, p Xt 3 Q 2, Xt 6 p, X 7, 8. Solution:— l Q-Kt 5, k x kt; 2 Q-Q 2, etc. 1 , k-kt 3 ; 2 Q-Q 8, etc.

Diagram 48. [Black.]

[White.] Mate -in 3 moves. 5 X 2, p 5 Q 1, B 1 p 5, 2 k Xt 4, p 7, p 7, P 7, Solution —1 Xt-Xt 4, k x kt; 2 Q-K 5, et 1 , k-kt 3 ; 2 Q-Q 7, etc.

The simple position in diagram 47 represents two diagonal mates with the queen whilst she pins a, hostile piece. This idea in the mating position appears deepened in cliagism 48. Thi3 is a separative deepening ; every one of the diagonal mates' is prodiiced by a special move of the queen ; and the composite separative deepening of the problem is attained by means of a preparatory and not of a threatening character. (To be continued.)