tendency for the ratio to increase with length, so that in general, short cones were relatively broad and long ones relatively narrow. Text-Fig. 1.—Dot diagram to show how ratio of length to breadth alters with length. (d) Shape, for most of the sample, could best be described as ovoid-conical. The proximal part of the cone is oblique, because there the axis is strongly reflexed and the scales on the outer side, away from the branch, are bigger than those on the inner side. In the distal part of the cone, the axis is nearly always straight and there is radial symmetry. In rare examples, two of which were included in the collection, the axis is recurved right to the apex. At one end of the range of variation in shape was an almost ovoid cone (Text-fig. A, Fig. 1): at the other end, an almost conical one (Text-fig. A. Fig. 2). Between these extremes was a complete series of intermediate shapes. Text-fig. 2 is an attempt to show how the variation in shape and length may be correlated. At the same time it tries, by scoring the cones in arbitrary classes for shape, to illustrate the frequency distribution of this character. Variation of Apophyses The following variable characters of the apophyses (exposed ends of the scales, making up the surface of the closed cone) were studied: (a) number or area raised, (b) elevation, (c) shape, (d) flexure, (e) superficial cracks.