comparative shade, and the greater the exposure to light the greater the development of the leaves. Flowering laterals and midrib growth may be found together, in the same exposure and from closely placed nodes, or the climbing growth may appear on an offshoot from the lateral branch, and the climbing stimulus is ever rampant. Midrib growth appears everywhere from the ground to the end of shoots pushing beyond the treetop, it is the climbing growth of a sun-demanding liane. Flowering branches may also be produced on the bolster form wind or protected in some manner from the grasp of the midrib leaves of the mass. There the necessary conditions, both light and freedom, are provided, but elsewhere the bolster is a mass of growth striving to climb, but arrested in its development as a liane. New shoots, produced from the base of older growth, for a while reach outwards or upward until, arching by their weight, or battered by wind, they are caught up in the entanglement. This exposed bolster is, as a mass, an epharmonic form, the product of the exposed conditions, but the plant in this stage of growth is out of its real habitat and a relic of forest and shrub associations long since destroyed. (d) “When growing as a liane of the forest, R. cissoides develops a lamina leaf, flowering and fruiting abundantly.” That statement is a perfectly correct one, but, while Cockayne concludes that all such development is due to shade, the authors contend that in forest the plant is but fulfilling its functions as a liane, reaching into light, not shade, and developing directly as the degree of light its forest habitat provides. (e) “The balance between the leaf forms is very delicate, and the plant epharmones readily in one direction or the other, according to the degree of sunlight and of exposure, or even a part of it, experiences.” The authors agree with Cockayne that the balance is delicate, but the midrib leaves which he considers to be an epharmonic form of bright light are the constant in all climbing growth, and lamina-leaved lateral branches will appear from the nodes of older persistent midrib leaves in the fullest exposure to light. In an earlier paper (1901, p. 265) he comments on the fact that poor soil hastens, and a moist atmosphere retards, flowering growth, and he writes, “Here, then, is a case to the contrary: the plant of the moist wood produces fruit regularly, the plant of the barren windswept slopes rarely or never does do.” If, however, the bolster mass of such situations is considered as arrested climbing growth, an extreme state, in one direction, of a heteroblastic species, and the lateral branches on the treetop, with short petioled coriaceous leaves, as the other extreme, it is no longer a question of aridity or moisture, no longer a case to the contrary, but a plant functioning exactly as other plants do in like circumstances. The species epharmones readily to all degrees of light and shade, but only in the degree of modification from the early climbing form towards the extreme lamina form, and in exactly the opposite direction to that anticipated by Cockayne. A truly shade-demanding