The Collembolan Fauna of New Zealand, including a Discussion of Its Distribution and Affinities. By J. T. Salmon, M.Sc., Entomologist, Dominion Museum, Wellington. [Read before the Wellington Branch, September 25, 1940; received by the Editor, September 27, 1940; issued separately, March, 1941.] Introduction. The first published record of any New Zealand Collembola appeared in 1894; and from then on, until 1925, little work was done upon New Zealand forms of this interesting group of insects. During the past nine or ten years, however, several papers have appeared in various journals dealing with the Collembolan Fauna of New Zealand, but these, without exception, have treated of small collections from relatively restricted localities. The present paper is the first attempt to deal with the Collembolan Fauna of this country as a whole, incorporating material collected systematically over wide areas of the land and reviewing all species previously described from New Zealand. During the past nine years I have collected these insects from as many of the Dominion's rapidly-diminishing areas of native forest and grassland as it has been possible to visit, with the object of discovering as nearly as possible the extent of the indigenous Collembolan Fauna. As a result this paper adds 101 new species and 15 new sub-species to our Collembolan Fauna and brings the total number of recorded Collembola from New Zealand up to two hundred and eleven, including the sub-species. I do not suggest that this result is final, as there are many localities which, so far, I have been unable to visit, and which have not yet been explored for Collembola. Notably in this connection I would mention Stewart Island and the “heel” of the South Island from Milford Sound to Dusky Sound and east to Tuatapere. These regions and the higher alpine regions above 4000 ft. will, I am sure, be found to contain many more interesting species of these insects. In this work I have from time to time received collections of material from workers in allied fields. Such collections are suitably acknowledged in the appropriate positions in the text; and I take this opportunity of expressing my thanks to these persons for their help. I have also to express my thanks to Dr. R. A. Falla, Director of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand, for the loan of the late Dr. G. H. Carpenter's New Zealand material deposited there, and also to Mr. H. Womersley, of the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, for the loan of New Zealand material described and recorded by him. I desire, also, to express my thanks to the Director of the Dominion Museum, Dr. W. R. B. Oliver, for his assistance and advice during the preparation of the manuscript, and for helpful suggestions made from time to time.