species that occur, or have allies, in our Hutchinsonian—the micro-faunal affinity between these stages is stronger than any other trans-Tasman link in the Tertiary. Allan (1940, p. 280) has recently written that “it is probable that the Hutchinsonian stage … is older than the Janjukian beds,” but gives no evidence or reference to others' opinions to support this assumption. Chapman (1932B) made the important discovery of Miogypsinoides Y. and H. in New Zealand, in slides sent him by Speight from the Mount Somers district. M. nitidula Chap. was found at three localities (Chapman Creek, Bland's, and Stavely limestone); from the first two Marwick and Allan (in Speight, 1938, pp. 61, 62) have recorded Lower Hutchinsonian brachiopods and molluscs, and Allan (l.c., p. 91) has given a Hutchinsonian age for the latter, so that the horizon here of Miogypsinoides seems to be entirely Lower Hutchinsonian. Chapman's supposition that it came partly from (and proved the Lower Miocene age of) the Ototaran is erroneous. The importance of these records lies in the fact that the genus is known elsewhere only in the top of the Dutch East Indies stage “e” and base of “f”—Aquitanian and basal Burdigalian. This corresponds excellently with the Lower Miocene age Finlay allotted to the Hutchinsonian (its lower part would then be basal Miocene), with the Duntroonian-Waitakian Aquitanian. A few links are known with faunas still further afield. Some matrix examined from the Burdigalian of France contains a species of Virgulopsis Finlay very close to the index species pustulata Finlay, limited to the New Zealand true Hutchinsonian and Awamoan. Hopkinsina notohispida Finlay (not below Awamoan) and Siphogenerina ongleyi Finlay (not below Whaingaroan) both seem to occur in the Miocene of French Morocco (Lacoste and Rey, 1938, chart, opp. p. 320 and Pl. 21) not below the Burdigalian. Operculina, so useful in Australia and America, is known here only from a distinct species at one locality, referred to Lower Miocene by Chapman and Parr (1938, p. 288), but probably older; of all the Austral and Indo-Pacific species they discuss it is the closest related to the French complanata Defr., known from Aquitanian to Lower Burdigalian in Europe and French Morocco (Lacoste and Rey, 1938, l.c.). A rich fauna has been examined from the base of the Ouba series of New Guinea (basal “g” stage, regarded as Upper Miocene); a surprising similarity to our Taranakian is evident, almost all our Upper Miocene key-species being represented by close allies. Another fauna from the Upper Mena series (upper “f” stage—Middle Miocene) is even closer in a most striking fashion, to our Tutamoe (Awamoan) especially as developed in Hawke's Bay. On the other hand extremely little relationship exists between figured faunas of the American Miocene and any New Zealand fauna placed here within the range Lower Oligocene-Pliocene. (d) Pliocene. The widely recorded Uvigerina pigmea d'Orb. has been restricted by Cushman to forms agreeing with the Italian Plaisancian type, and Finlay (1939C, p. 102) has noted that of the numerous forms met