(see Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, scr. 5, vol. 8, p. 99; 1938) has been seen in the Piripauan Rakauroa Series; the Tertiary species tenuissima Hantken is known from the Upper Eocene of South America and Europe and lasts to the Oligocene, just as in New Zealand, where it is in the Upper Bortonian and Whaingaroan. The Claiborne and Jackson Eocene faunas are of semi-tropical coral reef type and have no particular affinity with what is here regarded as New Zealand Eocene, nor has the West Australian fauna recently described as Upper Eocene by Parr (1938, p. 69), but the latter has striking and curious affinities with both the Upper Piripauan and Lowest Oligocene of New Zealand. Chapman (1926, p. 16) regarded the age of the Tahuian Burnside Marl micro-fauna as “Upper Eocene probably,” but has lately (1934, p. 120) stated that it exactly agrees with the Goon Nure Bore of Gippsland, below 2020 feet, thought to be Upper Oligocene. In this case his first location was better, but it would be unreasonable to expect any outside worker to place the Tahuian fauna without intimate knowledge of how the Bortonian and Ototaran also compared with the Gippsland faunas. (b) Oligocene. Perhaps the most striking genus here is Rotaliatina Cush. (see Finlay, 1939B, p. 539); this is present also in the Upper Bortonian, increases in abundance till the Whaingaroan (Mid-Oligocene), and then becomes extinct—this is a longer range than given by Nuttall (1930, p. 272) for the Mexican formations, where the genus is restricted to Middle and Upper Eocene, common only in the latter. A striking feature of the Lower Oligocene in New Zealand is the abundance of several species of Asterigerina; elsewhere this ranges to Recent, but is particularly common in the Oligocene (see, for example, the four species of the Upper Vicksburg described by Cushman and McGlamery, 1938, p. 111). Amphistegina begins to replace it in the Whaingaroan (a single specimen seen in Kaiatan) by an uncommon hauerina form, but does not occur in abundance and typical lessoni type until the Hutchinsonian–Taranakian period, supporting the reference of these stages to Miocene in the broad sense. From the basal Oligocene have been described Robertina lornensis and Ceratobulimina lornensis, both closely related to external Lower Oligocene or Eocene species. (c) Miocene. Miogypsina appears for the first time, and is abundant in, and limited to, the Hutchinsonian. This also applies to our various species of Lepidocyclina, which are all Nephrolepidine. Crespin (1936, p. 11) has noted that all the Victorian Lepidocyclines are also Nephrolepidine, and that in the Dutch East Indies and New Guinea these have their greatest development in the early part of stage “f,” which is equivalent to the Middle Miocene, a few of the species ranging up from the Lower Miocene stage “e.” Some interesting faunal connections can be traced through these orbitoid forms, as follows:—Pakaurangi Point has a well-known and truly Hutchinsonian Molluscan fauna (Laws, 1939, p. 466) and an