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21. The Convention on International Civil Aviation covers tie general field of air navigation and deals also with certain matters of principle affecting air transport. The permanent international aviation agency will be known as " The International Civil Aviation Organization." The aims and objectives of this organization, which consists of an Assembly, a Council, and such other bodies as may be necessary, are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international air transport. In particular, it is to (a) Ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world ; (b) Encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes ; (c) Encourage the development of airways, airports, and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation; . (d) Meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient, and economical air transport; (e) Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition ; (/) Ensure that the rights of contracting States are fully respected and that every contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines ; (</) Avoid discrimination between contracting States ; (h) Promote safety of flight in international air navigation ; (i) Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics. 22. All member States will be represented on the Assembly, which will meet annually. Decisions are to be taken by a majority of the votes cast, while a majority of the contracting States is required to constitute a quorum for meetings. The Assembly will elect the States to be represented the Council, will consider reports received from, and remit questions for consideration by, the Council, and will control the finances of the Organization and deal with amendments to the Convention. 23. The Council, which is to be chosen every three years, will consist of representatives of twenty-one States elected by the Assembly. In the election of members of the Council adequate representation is to be given by the Assembly of the Organization to (1) States of chief importance in air transport: (2) States not otherwise included which make the largest contribution to the provision ox facilities for international civil air navigation : _ (3) States not otherwise included whose designation will ensure that all the major geographical areas of the world are represented on the Council. No representative of a contracting State on the Council may be actively associated with the operation of or financially interested in any international air service. 24. Decisions of the Council will be taken by a majority of those voting, and an appeal may be made by any interested member State to the Council against a decision of any committee established by the Council. Provision is made whereby any member State may take part, without a vote, in the consideration by the Council and by its committees and commissions of any question which specially affects its interests 25. The Council will collect, examine, and publish information relating to the advancement of air navigation and the operation of international air services. It will report any infraction of the Convention, or failure to carry out recommendations, to contracting States. It will consider any matter relating to the Convention which may be referred to it by a member State. It may conduct research on aspects of air navigation which are of international importance, and study matters affecting the organization and operation of international air transport, including the international ownership and operation of international air services and trunk routes. It may report, at the request of any member State, on any situation impeding the development of international air navigation. 26. The Council will appoint and define the duties of an Air Transport Committee which shall be chosen from among its own members and which will consider questions affecting the operation of international air transport. An Air Navigation Commission will also be appointed. This will consist oi twelve members chosen from among persons nominated by member States. It will deal with technical matters and make recommendations from time to time for amendment or addition to the technical annexes of the Convention. INTERIM ORGANIZATION 27 Some time will necessarily elapse before the permanent Convention is ratified by a sufficient number of States and can become effective. There is much valuable work that can be done m the meantime, and it would be fatal to allow this period to pass without advancing the general plans for air navigation and air transport. It was therefore agreed at the Conference to form a provisional Uvil International Organization. This has the same general form and character as the permanent Organization, with an interim Assembly and an interim Council. 28 The Interim Organization will remain in being until the permanent Convention comes into force or another Conference on International Civil Aviation shall have agreed upon other arrangements. The interim period shall in no event, however, exceed three years from the coming into force ot tlie provisional Organization. j -n 29 Provision is made whereby the interim Organization, the seat of which is m Canada, will come into operation when the interim Convention has been accepted by twenty-six States. The agreement establishing this Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization was signed by the New Zealand delegate, and has since been accepted by the New Zealand Government. Among other duties, the Interim Council is charged with the further study and investigation of the proposal advanced by the Australian and New Zealand delegations for the international ownership and operation of air transport services. "FREEDOMS" AGREEMENTS 30. While there was no general agreement at the Conference regarding the operation of international air transport services, it was recognized that there were many States who were prepared to grant between themselves the privilege for aircraft to fly over their territories or to land for non-traffic purposes In order to meet this situation a special Agreement, known as " The International Air Services I ransit Agreement " was drawn up and submitted for signature at the Conference. As it is the wish ol the New Zealand Government to avoid any obstacle to the development of air navigation, this agreement was signed by the New Zealand delegate, and has since been accepted by the New Zealand Government.

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