MARINE DEPARTMENT ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1948-49

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1949 Session I, H-15

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1949 NEW ZEALAND

MARINE DEPARTMENT ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1948-49

Presented to Both Houses of the General 4-Ssembly by Command of His Excellency

Marine Department, Wellington, 15th June, 1949. Your Excellency,— I do myself the honour to transmit for Your Excellency's information the report of the Marine Department for Hie financial year ended the 31st March last. I have, &c., F. Hackett, Minister of Marine. ' His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand.

REPORT The Secretary, Marine Department, to the Hon. the Minister op Marine. Sir, — Marine Department, Wellington, 10th June, 1949. I have the honour to submit the report of the Marine Department for the year ended 31st March, 1949. A matter of momentous importance to the West Coast, and, indeed, to the whole of New Zealand, was finalized during the year by the receipt of Cabinet approval for the implementation of improvements to the coal ports of Greymouth and Westport, as recommended by the expert British engineers, and augmented by the recommendation of Messrs. Wood, Furkert, and Newnham. In respect to Greymouth, plans have already been approved and the necessary material ordered for the repairs to the South Breakwater, combined with the placing of steel piling on the channel side.

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At Westport, plans are in hand for the construction of the workshops, and an Assistant Engineer has been appointed to carry out preliminary investigation work in connection with the main improvement scheme at that port. The Chief Surveyor of Ships and his Assistant represented New Zealand at the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea held in London during the middle of the year. This was a most important Convention, having a distinct bearing on the safety of our seafaring men. A feature of the Convention was the adoption by the meeting of a recommendation that all foreign-going cargo ships of 500 tons and upwards be inspected and certificated annually for life-saving equipment. It is interesting to note that New Zealand ships, both home-trade and foreign-going, have been subject to this requirement for many years. Interesting and progressive legislation was enacted during the year providing for the appointment of worker representatives on Harbour Boards, in line with the representatives of shipping interests, who have been so appointed by their respective interests for many years. The practical knowledge of these new members should be of distinct advantage to the various Harbour Boards. Worker representation on the administrative side is not new to the Marine Department, as for the last twenty years men with waterside experience have been appointed in the Department to positions as Cargo Gear Inspectors, the responsibilities of which have been carried out with credit and distinction by all concerned. It is pleasing to report substantial progress by way of the fitting of navigational aids on our vessels, such as direction-finders, wireless telephones, and radar. Most of the larger vessels on our coast are now equipped with direction-finders or wireless telephones—or both in some cases. The masters of vessels have gratuitously carried out tests with their instruments. This data has been of considerable advantage to the Department. This is a splendid response by shipping interests in the provision of additional safety devices on our vessels. The scientific staff attached to the Fisheries Branch have carried out research during the year into the pollution of harbours and rivers by industrial and other wastes. The research so far is in the embryonic stage, but sufficient data has been established to warrant serious consideration being given to this question, if posterity is to derive the benefit of our administration rather than the disadvantages which continued pollution would store up for it. ADMIRALTY CHARTS The Department acts as agent for the sale of Admiralty charts and publications, and maintains a stock at Head Office and at the principal Mercantile Marine offices in the Dominion. The stock includes all charts of the Dominion and many other parts of the world to which ships trading to or visiting the Dominion may be diverted. A very useful service—that of advising masters of vessels regarding the folios of charts required for a particular voyage —has been made use of most frequently and more particularly by masters of tankers voyaging to Balik Papan and the Shatt A 1 Arab ports. The correction of charts necessitated by the establishment of additional navigational aids, the clearing of minefields, discovery of rocks, shoals, &c., still continues, and no less than 12,000 hand corrections were made during the year to our saleable stock. NEW CHARTS During the year several new additions of overseas charts were issued and one New Zealand No. 1970, Auckland Harbour. To this chart the plan of Calliope Dock was extended, general amendments in vicinity of commercial harbour, and Devonport Naval Base, and new compass roses.

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For many years the set-up of charts on the Dunedin-Bluff voyage has not been satisfactory, as positions had to be transferred from one chart to another at the vital turning-point on the voyage —i.e., Waipapapa Point. A request was made to the Hydrographer at Admiralty that a chart should be constructed which would eliminate this danger, and a specimen copy was forwarded. lam pleased to report that the Hydrographer has agreed to construct a suitable chart, and this is greatly appreciated by mariners. EXAMINATION OF MASTERS AND MATES Examinations have been held in Auckland and Wellington on statutory days and on other occasions when circumstances have justified special examinations. It is the practice to grant special facilities to officers visiting New Zealand for the purpose of undertaking the examinations while their vessels are in port. The examinations have been conducted, in a satisfactory manner, and in the case of foreign-going ships in accordance with the requirements of the Imperial Ministry of Transport. The number of examinations, 162, is an increase of 26 on the figures for last year. The passes and failures are as follows : Foreign-going Certificates— Per Cent. Full pass .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 Partial pass .. .. .. .. ... .. ■ 31 Failure .. .. .. .. .. 2 Partial failure .. .. .. .. .. 22 Home-trade CertificatesFull pass .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 Partial pass .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 Failure .. .. .. .. .. 0 Partial failure .. .. .. .. 14 The written part of the examinations for both foreign going and home trade, in so far as the navigation problems are concerned, will be altered considerably within the next two or three years as a result of the radical changes which are to be introduced into the " Nautical Almanac." Examinations in sight tests during the year totalled 109, an increase of 18 on last year, of whom 102 passed and 7 failed. " NEW ZEALAND NAUTICAL ALMANAC AND TIDE TABLES " This publication for 1949 (forty-seventh edition) was published ,in ample time for circulation before the beginning of the year. It is very desirable that articles of interest to mariners should be included in the " Almanac," and in this year's edition the article on " Meteorology of the New Zealand Region " has been revised and brought up to date. The weather map showing the conditions experienced during the 1948 trans-Tasman yacht race is of particular interest. Every endeavour is made to keep the port information up to date by co-operation with the various Harbour Boards and to maintain the accuracy of that information by the issue of " Notices to Mariners." The " Almanac " will have to be redesigned in the near future to bring it into line with the new set-up of the abridged " Admiralty Almanac." Information has been received that the " Admiralty Almanac " will be completely redesigned as from the year 1952. The new form will eliminate entirely the quantities R and E, which, were introduced in 1925, and the quantities G.H.A. of the sun and G.H.A. of Aries are to be substituted. Although specimen sheets of the abridged " Admiralty Almanac" appear in " Admiralty Notices to Mariners No. 7 Weekly Edition of 1949," the form the New Zealand " Nautical Almanac and Tide Tables "is to take will require much study. It can be stated that the new " Almanac ''

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will differ radically from the present form both in principle and arrangement Every endeavour will be made to publish the 1952 " Almanac " as early as possible in 1951 to enable users to become accustomed to the new elements introduced and to the new form of setting up. RADIO REGULATIONS These regulations are now being revised and should be completed in the near future. COMPASSES The regulations for ships' compasses have been carefully administered and compasses have been maintained in a good state of efficiency. SEARCH AND RESCUE ORGANIZATION This organization continues to render valuable service to small ships in distress, and steps are being taken to improve its efficiency by setting up a committee representative of all bodies interested in land and sea rescues. NOTICES TO MARINERS Information relative to changes in navigational aids and to the discovery of obstructions, wreckage, or other dangers to navigation, and information of general interest to mariners, has been published in the form of " Notices to Mariners." During the year 56 such notices were issued. Many notices of an urgent navigational nature must be disseminated by radio, and the broadcasting and coast radio stations have been used for this purpose on many occasions during the year. SMALL CRAFT REGULATIONS Full agreement has not been reached between the Department and yacht clubs regarding the Small Craft Regulations. The majority of yacht clubs have been very co-operative and it is hoped that the disagreements, which are of a minor nature, will be ironed out satisfactorily. NAVIGATION SCHOOLS The tuition at both schools has been of a very high standard, and the Directors are making every endeavour to improve the academic side of the seafarer's education. It should be appreciated that our schools are mainly for the purpose of teaching navigation and must not be confused with residential nautical schools overseas, where young men are trained in all phases of the duties of a seaman. The number of candidates attending the schools during the year was 121, made up as follows : Wellington. Auckland. Extra Master .. .. .. 2 Master, F.G 10 11 First Mate .. .. .. 9 10 Second Mate .. .. .. 9 11 Vol. Exam. Comp. Dev. .. .. 6 3 Master, H.T. .. .. .. ..6 11 First Mate, H.T. .. .. .. .. 7 5 Yacht Master . . . . .. 6 4 Master, 25-ton .. .. .. .... 2 Master, Fishing-vessel .. .. .... 2 Master, River Limits .. .. .... 7 55 66

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The percentage of passes was very high, and this is due entirely to the painstaking work of the Directors. The radical alteration in the set-up of the " Admiralty Abridged Almanac " and the introduction of G.H.A. of the sun and G.H.A. of Aries will throw additional responsibilities on to the Directors. I am pleased to report that the Director, Wellington School, has been restored to health after an absence of three months on sick-leave. SHIPPING CASUALTIES The number of casualties on or near our coasts is shown in the table and summary at the end of the report. Magisterial inquiries were held in five cases —i.e., m.v. " Eastgate," launch " Renehou," m.v. " Port Waikato," tug " Te Awhina," launch " Sambo " collision, and s.s. " Holmlea." ENGAGEMENT OF SEAMEN This service has been maintained. A record of seamen applying for work is kept for the purpose of filling vacancies. SICK AND INJURED SEAMEN The total amount paid by shipowners to sick and injured seamen under the provisions of the Shipping and Seamen Act, 1908, and amendments was £19,529 ss. 7d., as against £16,765 10s. lOd. for the previous year, an increase of £2,763 14s. 9d. REGISTRATION OF SHIPPING On the 31st December, 1948, there were on the register of vessels in the Dominion 43 sailing-vessels of 3,515 net tons register, 122 steamers of 64,052 net tons register, and 308 motor-vessels of 32,603 net tons register, as compared with 45 sailing-vessels of 3,547 net tons register, 136 steamers of 65,252 net tons register, and 297 motor vessels of 26,290 net tons register at the end of the previous year. The number of seamen employed on board was 2,637, as compared with 2,691 for the year 1947. LIGHTHOUSES, RADIO BEACONS, ETC. The Department's proposals for the establishment of further navigational aids and improvement in some cases on existing stations has been prosecuted with the utmost energy. The delivery of the necessary materials from overseas has caused delay, but, in general, good progress has been made. Estimates have been approved, and specifications are in course of preparation, for complete electrification and installation of standard radio beacons at Tiri Tiri, East Cape, Portland Island, Godley Head, Taiaroa Head, and Dog Island. At Baring Head a modification of the electrical equipment has been commenced, and the distribution line is being constructed to enable this light, to be connected to the Hutt Yalley Electric-power Board's system. Construction work is completed for new automatic lights at Motuara Island, Gibson Point, and Slope Point, and delivery of equipment is anticipated within a few months. Specifications are being prepared for similar installations at Slipper Island, Ohau Point, Cape Farewell, and Bushey Point. The equipment has come to hand, however, for conversion of Cape Egmont Lighthouse to electric operation. At Whangaroa Head a fixed light has been installed : conversion to flashing characteristics will be made when equipment comes to hand. The construction and installation of a new light in Tauranga Harbour is almost completed. As an assistance to vessels plying on Lake Taupo, four automatic lights have been installed.. At Awanui Harbour a small electric light on a buoy is under construction. Plans have been completed and work will commence shortly on new

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dwellings for Portland Island and Godley Head. Extensive repairs and reconditioning have been carried out at Stephens Island, Cape Brett, East Cape, and Pencarrow Head. At Cape Campbell the access road has been improved. It is interesting to note excellent liaison between the Department, the Merchant Service Guild, and the Bluff Harbour Board in connection with the proposal to relay the Fairchild Rock buoy. As a result of consideration, a decision has been reached to replace the buoy with a fixed light at Bushey Point. This will be a much more reliable navigational aid than the buoy moored near the Rock. GOVERNMENT VESSEL " MATAI " The necessity for other means of transport during the war period, and the progressive policy of the Department in providing improved access to lighthouses, has resulted in a decision to lay up the G.s.s. " Matai," or, alternatively, to use her in other services. During the past year, on two occasions the vessel has been engaged on cable-repair work for the Post and Telegraph Department, work for which she is particularly efficient. BLUFF - STEWART ISLAND FERRY SERVICE The service between Bluff and Stewart Island —thrice-weekly in the summer months, and twice-weekly in the winter —has continued on an excellent footing. The installation of Diesel engines two years ago, and the reconditioning of the vessel to fit her for the special ferry work, were two steps in the right direction. In addition to the ferry service, the G.s.s. " Wairua " has carried out the servicing of the lighthouse at Puvsegur Point, and done excellent service in the conveyance of mutton-birders to the South Cape Islands and return during the mutton-bird season. PROSECUTIONS During the year there were 157 prosecutions instituted by the Department; 140 of these constituted breaches of the Fisheries Act, and 17 were for breaches of the Shipping, and Seamen Act. The New Zealand Naval Board continues to conduct an excellent fisheries patrol in northern waters, in combination with our own vessels ; and, in addition, patrol by air has been undertaken on several occasions. HARBOURS The Department continues to control the harbours of Westport, Picton, and Dargaville. At Picton, 288 coastal vessels, representing a net tonnage of 148,543 tons, and two intercolonial vessels, aggregating 2,760 tons, visited the port during the year. The services of a Pilot were required on two occasions. The harbour launch " Enterprise " has done excellent work in servicing the Brothers Lighthouse. This launch also carries out maintenance of automatic lights in the Sounds area, and is utilized for the servicing of Karori Rock light when required. At Dargaville during the year one vessel made this port with a coal cargo, and the absence of a Harbourmaster there was overcome by making available the services of Captain Dutch, from "Westport Harbour staff. The maintenance of the buoys in this harbour is carried out by the District Inspector of Fisheries at Te Kopuru, combined with the Department's Auckland staff. WESTPORT HARBOUR For the measure of success in operation the port of Westport is dependent primarily upon the available depth of water at the entrance ; and as bar depths were during this past year ended 31st March, generally speaking, the best experienced for many years, it was reasonable to expect that this would reflect very favourably in the trade statistics of the port. However, due to various reasons, the reverse was the case.

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The average for the year of the " month by month " mean of daily high-water bar depths was 22 ft. 8 in., the best average depth since 1928. Nevertheless, the total coal shipments fell to 326,429 tons, the lowest since 1936. Restricted loadings due to bar conditions were rare, and the decline in coal shipments could be" attributed to a combination of—(a) Reduced output from the mines. (b) Shortage of shipping. (c) Large quantity of coal going forward by rail to the east coast. The first-mentioned factor is definitely a reflex of the war and subsequent years, when developmental work in the mines was necessarily retarded, but installation of larger and modern machines at the open-cast mines at Stockton, the construction of an aerial ropeway to convey the coal from the high to the low level, both of which are well under way, and, concurrently, the development of new coal areas should in due course undoubtedly increase the output of coal and thereby reflect a very substantial improvement in the trade of the port. The number of days on which, depth obtained on the bar at high water during the 3 r ears stated (ended 31st March) are as set out in the following table :

No overseas bunker or cargo shipments were made during the year. In respect to the same years this next table sets down the coal shipments for such years in relation to the mean of high-water depths for those years :

It will be noticed the extent to which coal shipments have declined since 1942. However the third factor is to be noted here. With connection of the Buller Gorge Railway to the South Island system in 1942, railage of coal from the Westport district to the

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Depth. 1931. 1939. 1942. 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1 1948. 1949. 14'-16' 1 2 12 16'-18' 25 2 1 39 23 35 16 3 18'-20' 132 88 33 96 69 124 35 52 31 20'-22' 165 149 181 150 142 117 151 154 97 22'-24' 43 115 143 75 87 .62 126 116 ' 150 24'-26' n 7 5 43 24 51 13 77 26'-28' 1 1 2 3 6 •Over 28' 1 Mean for year 20' 2" 21' 3" 21' 9" 20' 8" 21' 4" 20' 8" 22' 2" 21' 2" 22' 8"

Year. Mean of High Water Depths on Bar. Total Quantity of Coal Shipped (Tons). 1931 1939 1942 1944 1945 1946 1947 .. 1948 1949 Ft. in. 20 2 21 3 21 9 20 8 21 4 20 8 22 2 21 2 22' 8 513,500 426,400 487,500 401,300 402,000 ' 385,300 384,800 382,400 326,400

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east coast shortly thereafter commenced and intensified, and well over 100,000 tons per annum is now so despatched. During this past year it was some 129,000 tons, with 159,000 tons the previous year. Timber shipments were 1,092,438 superficial feet, compared with 1,262,000 superficial feet for the previous year. Dxiring the year, 208 (247) vessels aggregating 152,789 (185,046) tons net register departed from the port, the figures in parentheses being those corresponding for the previous year. "In and out " totals for the year were 418 (491) vessels aggregating 307,340 (357,355) tons net register. The second factor earlier mentioned may be noted in the reduced shipping returns just indicated, but there is immediate and increasing improvement available here as a result of valuable strengthening by the Union Steam Ship Co. of the company's collier fleet with new vessels designed to suit the west coast bar conditions of to-day. One such vessel, the " Kaitangata," has for some months past been in commission in the trade, and another has arrived in New Zealand and will shortly join in the service to North Island ports. During the ensuing year the service will be supplemented by two more such vessels. Apart from the period from 3rd May to 18th July, when the vessel was undergoing slip survey and overhaul, and the greater part of the month of November, when extensive adjustments to pumps were necessary, the suction dredger " Eileen Ward " worked consistently throughout the year, removing 296,700 cubic yards from the bar, 96,360 cubic yards from the river fairway, and 15,200 from the berthage area. Heavy dredging was necessary in the lower reaches of the river between the lower end of the training-walls and the signal-station, where extensive shoaling had been caused by a series of moderate to strong freshes in the river opposed by sea conditions of similar intensity. The ladder dredger " Maui " ceased working at Castlecliff on 17th April, and after slip repairs at Wellington returned to Westport on 23rd May, resuming dredging on 9th June. Apart from a further period in Wellington for slip survey and overhaul from 18th August to 24th .October, this dredger has worked as sea and weather conditions permitted. During the year she has lifted and dumped at sea 67,850 cubic yards of spoil from the floating-basin area. Port equipment and property has_ been maintained in satisfactory condition throughout the year, and some valuable additions have been made to port facilities. In addition to the provision of ship-to-shore electric-power connection for all shipping using the crane wharf, mention of which was omitted from the report for the previous year, a powerful radio-telephone station has been established at the signalstation, and this latter facility has already proved itself to be of inestimable value with routine shipping movements, and particularly in cases of emergency. The harbour flotilla continues to be maintained in good working-order. Bar dredger " Eileen Ward " has now been in operation for over thirty-eight years, and the •ladder dredger " Maui " is of the same age. Upkeep costs are heavy, but these two machines do very good work, considering the age factor. The suction dredger " Rubi Seddon " was laid up indefinitely early in 1948 and has done no dredging during the year under review. The vessel is forty-four years old and is not now an economic proposition to retain in commission. Both working dredgers and the tug " James O'Brien " have been fitted with radiotelephone equipment, and at the close of the year echo-sounding equipment is being installed in the tug. As last year, again during this year the availability of the tug has averted a serious shipping casualty. On 20th February the Holm Shipping Co's. collier s.s. " Holmlea " was in a sinking condition north of Westport. The tug went out under very adverse weather conditions and took the Vessel in tow, bringing her into Westport.

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The greatest' credit is due to Captain Ness and his crew for their seamanship and efforts on this occasion. The availability of radio-telephone communication in this emergency greatly facilitated operations. In my report of the previous year I referred to recommendations for improvement works which were receiving consideration. The outcome has been Government approval in principle of the recommendations, which embody (a) new workshops ; (b) a new bar suction dredger ; (e) dredging out of the western lagoon as means of tidal compartment enlargement for increased tidal scour at the bar, and (d) development of a new internal shipping basin in the eastern lagoon. Development of proposals in respect of the first three recommendations for implementation is in hand. I again express appreciation of the services voluntarily rendered to the Department by the Harbour Advisory Committee, the members of which are representative of all interests locally concerned in the successful functioning of the port. The Committee has continued to meet regularly and consider matters for the betterment of the port and its operation, and it is pleasing to note that several points which they have steadfastly advocated have now received endorsement by Government. Consequent upon the decision to place the " Rubi Seddon " out of commission, some staff reduction was necessary, and those employees whose services terminated were mainly of ages sixty-five years or more. Such employees had rendered sterling service to the Harbour, some of them for periods in excess of thirty years, and it was of some gratification to extend to them substantial retiring-leave payment in appreciation. I desire to refer also to the retirement at the conclusion of the year of the Harbourmaster, Captain A. W. Tointon. Captain Tointon had been a member of the port staff for thirty-four years, the latter seventeen years as Harbourmaster, and throughout he rendered most valued service to the Department and to the many shipping masters who worked in and out of the port during the period without mishap. Captain A. R. Ness, of the harbour staff, succeeded to the position as Harbourmaster. EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEERS During the year, 459 candidates were examined for Marine Engineer's Certificates of Competency at the various centres throughout the Dominion. Of these, 171 were examined for First- and Second-class Certificates of Imperial validity, 146 were examined for Third-class Marine Certificates, and 29 were examined for First- and Second-class Coastal Motor Certificates of New Zealand validity. Candidates .sitting for First-class Imperial Validity Certificates total 43, of which 13 passed for Certificates, 12 passed Part " A," 6 partly passed " A " or " B " sections, and 12 failed. Candidates sitting for Second-class Imperial Validity Certificates total 128, of which 23 passed for Certificates, 36 passed Part " A," 22 partly passed " A " or " B " sections and 47 failed. Passes for First-class Imperial Validity Certificates issued by the Department were subdivided as follows : 1 Combined Steam and Motor, 3 Steam, 2 Steam Endorsement, 1 Motor, and 6 Motor Endorsement. Passes for Second-class Imperial Validity Certificates issued by the Department were subdivided as follows : 17 Steam, 4 Motor, and 2 Motor Endorsement, totalling 36 Certificates, issued as shown in the following table: —

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Class. Combined Steam and Motor. Steam. Steam Endorsement. Motor. Motor Endorsement. Total. First Second 1 3 '17 2 1 4 6 2 13 23

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Candidates for Third Marine Examination total 146 ; of these, 94 passed and 52 failed. Candidates sitting for First-class Coastal Motor Certificates total 6 ; of these r 5 passed and 1 failed. Candidates sitting for Second-class Coastal Motor total 23, all of whom passed the examination. The remaining 113 candidates were examined for River Engineer (Steam) and Restricted Limits P.Y.O.S. (Oil) Certificates of Competency : of these, 6 passed for River Engineer and 98 passed and 9 failed for Restricted Limits P.Y.O.S. Examination.. SURVEY OF SHIPS Survey Certificates were issued during the year ended 31st March, 1949, for 4 steam and 4 motor foreign-going ships, 33 steam and 87 motor home-trade ships, and 39 steam and 293 motor restricted-limits ships and launches. Equipment Certificates were issued for 23 foreign-going, 23 home-trade, and 1 restricted-limits ships, all of which carry certificates of class issued by classification societies. Survey and Equipment Certificates issued for the year ended 31st March, 1949,. total 507, as compared with a total of 465 for the year ended 31st March, 1948, and 451 for 1947. Surveys were also made in 303 cases for sea-worthiness, efficiency of equipment,, tonnage, radio-telegraphy, &c., as against 280 such cases surveyed during the year ended 31st March, 1948, and 297 during 1947. Of these surveys made in 1948-49, 76 were in respect of overseas ships not registered nor normally surveyed in the DominionNew Zealand's sea-going merchant fleet has been augmented during 1948-49 by the largest tonnage of reconditioned and new ships since 1939, including the transTasman passenger and cargo liner " Monowai," which has been extensively reconditioned at Sydney after war service ; the new cargo motor-vessel " Kaitoke," of 3,550 gross tons ; and the " Kaitangata," of 2,485 gross tons. " Kaitangata " is of special interest and importance. She is one of a class of six similar motor-colliers which have been specially designed by the Union Steam Ship Co., Ltd., to suit the restricted draught of the Grreymouth bar. On her maiden voyage from Greymouth the " Kaitangata's " cargo of 2,923 tons of coal was the largest ever taken from the port by a vessel drawing, under 17 ft. 6 in. of water. This vessel carried 800 tons more coal, for an extra 2f ft. of draught, than her immediate predecessor, the steam-collier " Gabriella." The " Kaitangata " and her sister ships " Konui," " Kaitawa," and " Kaiapoi "" and two others not yet built embody the most recent advances made in naval architecture and marine engineering as applied to cargo-ships. Features of special importance are the steel hatch-covers which are removed and replaced entirely by mechanical means,, thus overcoming the necessity for the usual manual removal and replacement of wood hatches and removing the risk of falls of watersiders down the holds. Steel hatch-covers-provide also a superior means of protecting the ship from the ingress of water to the holds. The officer and crew spaces are also deserving of mention as providing a high standard of comfort not only in the very necessary domestic amenities, but also in the decorative finish, which it is now recognized is an important element in securing contentment and ship-pride in both officers and crew. Another good example of the modern small cargo-ship is the new motor vessel " Puriri," which was built in the United Kingdom during 1948 for the Anchor Shipping and Foundry Co., Ltd., Nelson, to replace the minesweeper " Puriri" lost during war service off the New Zealand coast. The new vessel is of 1,248 gross tons and is> propelled by twin screws, and is engaged in the coastwise cargo service.

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There has been during the year under review a diminution in the tonnage of new ships constructed in this country. Included in the factors which account for this are the scarcity of steel and shipbuilding timber, high costs, and the more ready availability of new ships from the United Kingdom. Ship-repair work, however, has been maintained at a high level of activity at Auckland and Wellington. The central and local Docking Committees continue to allocate dry-dock and slip accommodation at the main ports, and this is an important necessity in accelerating the turn-round of overseas ships. In consequence of the extensive hull repairs made to m.v. " Wanganella " on the Wellington floating dock, this dock was not available for other ships for the unparalleled ■continuous period of nine months. More than 80 per cent, of the total tonnage of New Zealand foreign-going and hometrade ships is dry-docked at Wellington and Auckland and less than 20 per cent, of the total tonnage is dry-docked at Lyttelton and Port Chalmers. The figures for the years 1947-48 and 1948-49 are shown in the table hereunder, and they include tugs, dredges, •crane ships, ferries, and excursion vessels and other ships of similar size which ply in restricted waters :

In addition, of the overseas British and foreign ships which dock for repairs at New Zealand ports, the large majority of this tonnage is also docked at Auckland and Wellington. There is clearly a marked preference by merchant shipowners for Wellington and Auckland as survey and, dry-docking ports. At Auckland, however, the dry-docks are also required to accommodate warships of the Royal New Zealand Navy based on Devonport Dock-yard, and with the recent expansion of the Navy by the acquisition of the Lake class frigates the availability for merchant ships of the Auckland Calliope Dock is likely to be reduced in the future. On the other hand, the present dry-dock facilties at both Lyttelton and Port Chalmers are far in excess of the merchant-ship tonnage which has used these facilities in recent years, but, as shown in the above table, there is an accelerated trend of ship-repair and dry-docking work towards the two large North Island ports. During 1948 the demands for dry-dock and slipway accommodation at Auckland and Wellington have at times exceeded the available facilities, and the Department has met the situation by postponing the expiry dates of the survey certificates of ships at Auckland and Wellington which are due for dry-docking but for which no dry-dock or slipway is immediately available when required. The International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, foreshadowed in the Marine Department's annual report for 1947-48, was held in London from the 23rd April to the 10th June, 1948. The delegates appointed to represent the New Zealand Government were Engineer-Lieutenant Commander E. Brown, R.N. (Retired), Chief Surveyor of Ships, and Mr. Y. G. Boivin, A.M.I.Mech.E., A.M.1.N.A., Deputy-Chief Surveyor -of Ships, assisted by Dr. E. Marsden, D.S.C., F.R.S., Scientific Liaison Officer, London, and Captain C. H. George, Assistant Marine Superintendent, Union Steam Ship Co. of New Zealand, Ltd., as advisers.

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Percentage of Total Tonnage of New Zealand Ships Dry-docked for Annual Port. Survey. 1947-48. 1948-49. Wellington 40-5 45-0 Auckland 39-0 40-0 Lyttelton 11-5 4-0 Port Chalmers 9-0 11-0

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On the 10th June, 1948, in London, the accredited delegates of the New Zealand Government, together with delegates of twenty-eight other nations, signed the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1948. Copies of the Final Act of the Conference, including the text of the Convention and the report of the delegates of the New Zealand Government, have been tabled in both Houses of the New Zealand Parliament "by leave." With certain exceptions in matters of International Collision Regulations, the Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1948, will come into operation on the Ist January, 1951, provided the necessary number of acceptances have been received by that date—namely, acceptances by fifteen countries, including seven each with not less than 1,000,000 gross tons of shipping. The convention will come into effect in New Zealand if and when it is ratified by the New Zealand Government. Information received recently from London indicates that a ratifying Bill is now being prepared for presentation to the United Kingdom Parliament. A detailed analysis of the new Convention is not included here as it is comprehensively dealt with in the delegates' report tabled in both Houses of Parliament in 1948. It is confidently expected that the Convention, if it is generally ratified by the maritime powers,, will further advance the existing standards of safety of life at sea both in passenger and in cargo vessels. High though the present standards of sea safety are, nevertheless in 1946 —the first year of peace—l 79 vessels were lost on the high seas, representing a gross tonnage of not less than 373,000 tons. The shortage of certificated marine engineers for small coastwise ships continues unabated, and it has been found essential for the continuance of the trading of certain small vessels to permit uncertificated engineers to act in these ships for a period not exceeding three months or until duly certificated engineers are available, whichever is the lesser period. So long as the expansion continues in such industries ashore as require . the services of mechanically-trained men, so long is it probable that the small coastwise ships will fail to attract a sufficient number of certificated engineers. The factors which militate against a sea career as compared with shore employment are generally not rates of pay ; they are rather the social factors of separation from home life, longer workinghours, and the physical discomforts which are the inseparable part of life in the small coastwise ships. Owners of the small ships have in recent years made substantial improvements in crew accommodation and amenities, and are encouraged by the Department to effect further improvements where practicable. INSPECTION OF MACHINERY Steam Boilers, Air and Gas Receivers, and Unfired Steam-pressure VesselsThe following statement sets out the number of inspections made during the yearended 31st March, 1949, of steam boilers, air and gas receivers, and unfired steam-pressure vessels (Group " A "): — Steam boilers .. .. .. .. .. 5,260 Air and gas receivers .. .. .. .. .. 5,193 Other unfired pressure vessels .. .. .. 6,348 Total inspections in Group "A " .. .. 16,801 The inspections included 76 new power boilers, aggregating 1,592 horse-power,, manufactured in the Dominion, and 37 new boilers, aggregating 3,783 horse-power,, imported from abroad.

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The inspections also include 58 new air-receivers made in New Zealand and 33 made abroad, and 338 new unfired pressure vessels, other than air-receivers, made in New Zealand and 173 made abroad. The past year has been notable for the large extensions of steam plant in dairy factories, freezing-works, and tire-factories. Boilers installed in such works during the year are of large sizes and embody the latest features in design, construction, and thermal efficiency. A very large unfired steam-pressure vessel 66 ft. long has been constructed for vulcanizing rubber hose, as well as many other special types of pressure vessels necessary for modern industry. There is still a desperate shortage of boilers and the steel from which to make boilers. No boiler or unfired pressure vessel explosions have occurred during the year ended 31st March, 1949 ; nevertheless, the problem of maintaining old boilers in a safe condition until they can be renewed is one of much concern to the Department and is of great importance to those industries which use steam and which cannot obtain new steam generating plant soon enough to meet requirements. Machinery The following statement shows the number of machines, machinery plants, lifts, cranes, hoists, and tractors (Group " B ") inspected during the year ended 31st March, 1949, and the corresponding figures for 1947-48 : 1948-49. 1947-48. Machines driven by steam power in 1,449 plants .. .. .. .. 7,270 7,622 (1,419 plants) Machines driven by power other than steam in 12,481 plants .. .. .. 88,287 88,136 (11,612 plants) Electric-power-supply stations .. .. 63 137 Lifts .. .. .. .. 3,665 3,536 ' Cranes .. .. .. .. 729 682 Hoists .. .. .. .. 1,988 1,985 Tractors .. .. .. .. 269 297 Total inspections in Group "B" 102,271 102,395 Total inspections in Group "A" 16,801 16,438 Grand total of inspections (Groups "A" and" B") .. 119,072 118,833 The mechanization of industry in New Zealand proceeds steadily from year to year. Machinery increases not only in total volume, but in complexity of construction and in cost. Plans of all new boilers, air and gas receivers, and other unfired pressure vessels and of new cranes and lifts totalling 789 units were examined and approved by the Department during the year ended 31st March, 1949. They include 53 new power cranes and 21 lifts. For the year ended 31st March, 1949, the number of reported machinery accidents involving personal injury and death totalled 134, of which 10 were fatal and 124 nonfatal. The corresponding accidents for the previous year were 125, of which 4 were fatal and 121 non-fatal. The year's accidents confirm past experience that many arise from unsafe practices indulged in by the victims themselves, not necessarily wilfully or recklessly, but often through an inadequate understanding of the inevitable mechanical and physical consequences of the victims' voluntary actions immediately preceding.

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Such accidents can be reduced by developing the foresight of machine operators by training them in safe practices. Such training is available and does much good in organized factories, but it is not often available at out-of-the-way isolated plants such as lime and stone crushers, which have been responsible for many fatal accidents to the mechanically unskilled types of men who usually work about such machinery. One fatal accident arose from a fall under a bush tractor; the second from the victim entering a clay-bin and being crushed in the clay-feeding machinery; the third by the attempt of a worker to replace a belt on a running pulley, he being decapitated when caught in the belt; the fourth by a piece of timber which, having fallen from a stack on to a circular saw, was hurled against the saw operator ; the fifth by a reel of paper being unexpectedly released from a hoist and falling on to and crushing a workman ; the sixth by the victim being struck by a public-works locomotive; the seventh by the victim being crushed between an overhead crane and its supporting structure ; the eighth by unskilful operation of a boiler blow-down valve, resulting in the scalding of the deceased ; the ninth by a worker being caught in the belting of a stone-crusher ; and the tenth by a crusher worker being impaled by a crowbar projected with great force from a lime-crusher which he was attempting to clear with a crowbar. The circumstances of every accident, fatal and non-fatal, have been investigated by the Department, and improvements effected in the machine or the guards wherever practicable. Inspectors of Machinery have been furnished during the year with additional valuable information concerning means for ensuring the safer working of drop hammers, guillotines and shears, and power presses. These have long been recognized as some of the most dangerous machines in industry, because accidents from them so often result in severe mutilation. In the following table is given an analysis of the fatal and non-fatal machinery accidents which occurred during the year, indicating the principal machines and industries :

Machine and Industry Analysis of Accidents, 1948-49

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1 Industries. Totals. Description of Machines. Woodworking. Textile. Refrigeration. Printing. Metal-working and Engineering. Laundry. Butchery. Confectionery and Bakery. Boxmaking. Other Industries. Total Accidents (Machinery). Fatal. Non-fatal. Circular saws Planers Shapers Power press Guillotines Laundry machinery Cranes and hoists Lifts Belting Shafting Gearing Mincers and other cutting machines Other 13 6 1 11 i ii 1 4 5 2 1 4 O H-f t—' GO 1 1 6 3 1 1 2 4 2 2 3 26 14 6 1 14 3 1 4 4 5 3 4 75 . <N . . . CO 14 6 1 14 3 1 2 4 3 3 4 69 Total accidents 31 12 5 12 20 1 1 6 3 41 134 10 124

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GENERAL HARBOUR REGULATIONS For the year ended 31 st March, 1949, 323 accidents were reported under Regulation 103 of the General Harbour Regulations. These accidents were suffered by persons engaged in the loading and unloading and repair of ships, and one of the accidents was fatal. The number of accidents for the previous year ended 31st March, 1948, was 327. The sole fatal accident reported this year was caused by a fall down a ship's hold. The following is an analysis of the waterfront accidents and their causes : Handling goods .. .. .. .. .. 90 Persons slipping or falling .. .. . . .. 56 Persons struck by swinging or falling loads .. .. 92 Persons stepping on or striking fixed objects .. .. 22 Contact with power-driven machinery .. .. .. 2 Failure of gear .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 Not otherwise classified .. .. .. .. .. 45 Total .. .. .. .. .. 323 The General Harbour (Safe Working Load) Regulations 1935 have been amended this year to take powers to require that cargo gear and lifting machinery which has not been inspected by a proper authority during the twelve months preceding the arrival of a ship at a New Zealand port shall be examined by a Surveyor of Ships and shall not be used until he is satisfied that such cargo gear and lifting machinery is in good condition. The principal regulations have also been amended to require preventer guys to be fitted to the derricks in certain cases. The purpose of this amendment is to reduce the risk of injury to persons in the vicinity of cargo gear in the event of guy tackle carrying away during cargo-working operations. The General Harbour Regulations have also been amended in Amendment No. 5 in respect of reducing the existing hazards associated with the loading and discharge of dangerous inflammable and explosive goods carried by sea. Also where a top hatchway of an overseas, ship exceeds 125 lb. in weight such cover shall be lifted by winch or crane or other mechanical means. Additional provisions in the amendment of the General Harbour Regulations give control of certain lifting-gear used in ship-repair work to ensure that such lifting-gear will be sufficient in design and construction and will be maintained in a,safe condition. All of the provisions of Amendment No. 5 of the General Harbour Regulations were authorized by Order in Council upon the recommendations of the Marine Department, which were based on agreements reached by informal conference between the principal parties concerned. EXAMINATION OF LAND ENGINEERS, ENGINE-DRIVERS, CABLE-TRAM DRIVERS, AND ELECTRIC-TRAM DRIVERS Examinations for certificates issued under the Inspection of Machinery Act, 1928, were conducted at intervals during the year by Inspectors of Machinery throughout the country. For the year ended 31st March, 1949, the candidates who presented themselves for examination totalled 626 ; of these, 520 passed and 106 failed, as compared with 509 successful candidates and 42 failures of the previous year. The total number of the candidates who presented themselves for examination during 1948-49 was 621.

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In addition to the 520 certificates issued in 1948-49 to successful candidates, 106 certificates were issued as replacements, &c., under the provision of sections 53, 59, and -62 of the Inspection of Machinery Act, 1928. An analysis of the certificates issued during the year, with the corresponding figures for 1947-48, is given hereunder: — Class. 1948-49. 1947-48. Service— First-class engine-driver .. .. .. 6 2 Cable-tram driver .. .. .. .. .. 34 Competency— Extra First-class Stationary Engineer First-class Engine-driver ... .. 63 45 Second-class Engine-driver .. .. .. 289 256 Locomotive'and Traction .. .. 69 84 Locomotive-engine driver .. .. .. 8 6 Traction-engine driver .. .. .. 7 11 Electric-tram Driver .. .. .. 175 185' Electric-tram Driver (One-man Car) .. .. 8 8 Cable-tram Driver .. .. . 13 26 Steam-winding-engine Driver .. .. .. 1 Electric-winding-engine Driver .. .. 1 1 640 658 Appended to this report is a statement of the number of candidates examined at each examination centre for the year ended 31st March, 1949, showing the number of successful and unsuccessful candidates. A few special examinations were granted, but the holding of special examinations is not encouraged as it is considered that the regular examinations are of sufficient frequency, and except in very exceptional circumstances candidates are expected to attend the scheduled examinations. The full list of places where the examinations were held is shown in an appended return, as also is the number of candidates examined at each place. The total number of candidates examined was 626. Of this number, 520 were successful and 106 failed in their examinations. Six hundred and forty certificates were issued, which includes 520 to successful candidates, the remainder being replacements and issues under the provisions of sections 53, 59, and 62 of the Inspection of Machinery Act, 1928. NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS INSTITUTE The Marine Department has continued to be represented in the New Zealand Standards Institute on the Executive Committee of the Standards Council and the Mechanical Engineering and Divisional Committee, and departmental representatives have served on Committee meetings throughout the year. In the field of international standardization an event of truly enormous importance is the agreement reached between the Governments of the United Kingdom and the United States to adopt a unified system of screw-threads. At present the British standard thread form is the Whit worth standard, which has been widely used throughout the British Commonwealth and in Europe for more than a century. The United States' standard thread form is the Sellars standard. The new standard thread form, to be jointly adopted as the common standard of Great Britain and the United States, embodies features of both the Whitworth and the Sellars thread forms.

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It is to be expected that the new Anglo-American standard thread will in the course of years gain general adoption in all countries, including New Zealand, where the inch system of linear measurement is in vogue. The ultimate economic savings in the metal industries of countries which adopt the new standard thread forms is expected to be immense. STAFF The Department has experienced staff-shortage difficulties common to almost every Government Department at the present time. These difficulties have been enhanced in our case by our willing release of several trained officers to other Departments, part relief being obtained by appointment of cadets or of clerical assistants with no prior Public Service training. The Organization and Management Committee set up under direction of the Public Service Commission has been responsible for effecting several changes in office routine which, while not reducing efficiency or accuracy, have resulted in labour-saving. Due to improved conditions of employment and a higher standard of remuneration, the Department now has a waiting-list of suitable persons for appointment to the Lighthouse Service. This is a pleasing factor after so many years of catch-as-catch-can necessity. During the year, nautical Superintendents of Mercantile Marine at Dunedin and Lyttelton were replaced by clerical officers, and the change-over has worked smoothly in the best interests of the Department and of the shipping industry. FISHERIES An abridged report of the working of the Fisheries Branch of the Department follows hereon, together with a report on the operations of the Marine Biological Station at Portobello. I have, &c., W. C. Smith, Secretary for Marine.

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REPORT ON FISHERIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1949 Attention is drawn to the fact that all fisheries statistical data in this report is for the calendar year ended 31st December, 1948. The estimated total quantity and value of the principal classes of fishery products marketed in the year 1948 are as follows : > Quantity. Value. £ Wet fish .. .. .. .. 446,265 cwt. 838,334 Whitebait .. .. .. .. 4,517 cwt. 73,855 0 y S ters Dredged .. .. .. 94,444 sacks 79,097 Rock .. .. .. .. 5,693 sacks 9,945 Mussels .. .. .. .. 14,414 sacks 4,904 Crayfish ~ .. .. .. 27,230 cwt. 65,034 Toheroa (canned products) .. .. 26,5601b. 2,213 Whale-oil .. .. .. v 644 tons 25,760 Fish livers .. .. .. 677,4351b. 26,815 Total values .. .. £1,125,957 The detailed landings are summarized in Tables I to VIII (pp. 38 to 48). The total landings of wet fish show an increase of 7,965 cwt. over the previous year's total of 438,300 cwt., while the total value has increased by £35,838. The quantity of oysters dredged from Foveaux Strait has increased by 12,926 sacks, and the rock oysters have increased by 413 sacks. The crayfish total is up by 9,178 cwt., but the quantity of mussels is down by 1,847 sacks. In the most important group, the " wet fish " —i.e., all the ordinary fishes caught by all methods of sea fishing—the annual totals for successive years are as follows : Total Quantity, Total Value. Total Quantity. Total ValueCwt. £ ' Cwt. £ 1934-35 .. 331,415 294,267 1942-43 .. 311,971 442,976 1935-36 .. 363,448 313,106 1943-44 .. 294,445 489,268 1936-37 .. 363,128 360,406 1944 .. 308,237 522,954 1937-38 .. 355,687 413,516 1945 .. 331,773 558,404 1938-39 .. 356,114 424,643 1946 .. 380,321 660,096 1939-40 .. 339,231 416,480 1947 .. 438,300 802,496 1940-41 .. 328,594 440,308 1948 .. 446,265 838,334 1941-42 .. 326,863 458,393 While the total weight of wet fish, 446,265 cwt., is the highest recorded total, the small increase over last year's total indicates that the factors which have in successive years since the war given such substantial increases in the total annual catch are now almost spent. The effect of the return of the large catching units after-war service,, and the re-engining and replacement of many vessels after the war, upon fisheries that had enjoyed a comparative rest period during the war years is now very much reduced. These changes that have taken place in the post-war years have, in effect, greatly increased the potential of the fishing effort and have to date consumed their energies upon rested fisheries. It now remains to be seen whether this greatly increased potential can maintain the correspondingly increased level of production'. Already in a number of ports there are indications that the upper level of production has been reached. The cost of maintaining this increased fishing potential in the light of seasonal fluctuations of supply is now in the process of sorting itself out as the industry goes through its final stage of settling down again.

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Fishing-vessels and Personnel The number of licensed fishing-vessels operating in 1948 was 813, an increase of 55 units, most of which occurs in the class motor set-net and line vessels. The details of the rearrangement of the fleet in respect of the various classes of filing-vessels operating at each of the ports is shown in Table I, and the effect of the changes is dealt with in the text covering operations at the main ports. Fish Landings The total landings of fish and shell-fish landed at the various ports are shown in Table 11. A table showing the total quantity and value of each kind of fish is set out below. Snapper is the most abundant species, and the other species, headed by tarakihi, remain almost in the same proportion as before :

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Kinds or Class of Fish. Quantity. 1 Value. Cwt. Percentage of Total. • £ Percentage ol Total. 1948. 1947. 1948. 1947. 1948. 1947. 1948. 194 7. Snapper 148,828 129,482 33 35 29 54 234,224 180,553 27 94 22 50 Tarakihi 93,251 91,692 20 90 20 92 163,508 157,723 19 52 19 65 Blue cod 32,877 33,296 7 37 7 59 71,863 79,755 8 57 9 93 Hapuku 32,771 32,218 7 34 7 32 108,234 101,845 12 91 12 69 Sole .. 23,911 25,354 5 36 5 78 73,481 76,276 8 77 9 50 Gurnard 22,239 21,291 4 98 4 86 22,424 21,294 2 68 2 64 Flounder 18,581 19,723 4 16 4 50 64,773 63,045 7 73 7 85 Barracouta 13,090 16,670 2 93 3 80 6,391 8,117 0 76 1 01 Ling 12,060 15,683 0 70 3 58 25,213 34,900 3 01 4 35 Trevally " Mixed rounds " 9,326 6,969 2 09 1 59 7,846 6,115 0 90 0 76 7,949 11,330 1 78 2 58 6,580 11,200 0 78 1 39 Elephant-fish 4,701 3,718 1 05 0 85 9,815 7,185 1 17 0 90 Red cod 4,654 8,212 1 04 1 87 4,784 7,833 0 57 0 97 Pioke 3,502 3,522 0 78 0 80 4,677 4,422 0 56 0 55 Hake 2,452 2,554 0 55 0 58 7,712 7,484 0 92 0 98 Moki 2,401 1,763 0 54 0 40 4,084 3,104 0 49 0 39 Mullet 2,240 2,967 0 51 0 68 3,541 4,386 0 42 0 55 Butterfish 1,572 1,896 0 35 0 43 4,794 5,351 0 57 0 67 Shark 1,476 1,129 0 33 0 26 1,610 1,311 0 19 0 16 " Mixed flats " 1,449 4,790 0 32 1 09 4,605 17,356 0 55 2 16 Herring 1,397 1,326 0 31 0 30 1,149 1,049 0 14 0 13 Kahawai 1,220 1,160 0 27 0 27 1,131 951 0 140 12 Sardine .. 896 97 0 20 0 02 1,046 90 0 12 0 01 John-dory .. . 826 965 0 19 0 22 1,252 1,387 0 15 0 17 Warehou 405 613 0 09 0 14 802 1,238 0 10 0 15 Trumpeter .. 381 248 0 09 0 06 1,064 694 0 13 0 09 Swordfish 379 1,131 0 09 0 26 391 1,100 0 05 0 14 Whiptail 344 267 0 08 0 06 244 234 0 03 0 03 Cream fish 289 0 06 202 0 02 Kingfish 229 295 0 05 0 07 359 413 0 04 0 05 Mackerel 172 350 0 04 0 09 118 302 0 01 0 04 Conger-eel 169 199 0 04 0 05 121 148 0 01 0 02 Parore 80 621 0 02 0 14 69 393 0 01 0 05 Tuna 40 0 01 36 0 01 Perch 32 "49 0 01 0 01 21 "33 0 01 0 01 Brill 25 10 0 01 70 30 0 01 Garfish 20 43 0 01 0 01 68 113 0 01 6 01 Frost-fish 11 69 0 02 11 53 0 01 Skate 10 50 0 01 11 41 0 01 Maomao 10 11 10 16 Whiting 377 0 09 264 6 03 Bonita 7 18 Totals >446,265 442,147* i 838,334 807,822* * Chatham Island correction included.

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Methods of Capture Of the total catch (446,265 cwt.), 88,310 cwt. (19-79 per cent.) was landed from steam-trawlers, 128,195 cwt. (28-72 per cent.) from motor-trawlers, 88,980 cwt: (19-94 per cent.) from Danish-seine boats, while motor-vessels (line and net fishing) accounted for 137,153 cwt. (30-74 per cent.) and row-boats 3,627 cwt. (0-81 per cent.). The total quantity of wet fish caught by each of the common methods of fishing is shown below (the figures in parentheses represent the 1947 quantities and values): —

Landings at Poets Ports where the total landed catch is -in excess of 10,000 cwt. are shown in order of importance in the table below. The percentage of the grand total is also included :

Auckland. —A total of 142,766 cwt. of wet fish, was landed at Auckland. This represents a very slight increase of 462 cwt. over the 1947 total of 142,304 cwt. Of the thirty-seven Danish-seine boats, five changed to trawling during the year; hence the decrease in the quantity caught by this method from 90,824 cwt. last year to 86,191 cwt.. in this year was expected. This total of 86,191 cwt. consisted of 69,548 cwt. of snapper, an increase in quantity and in proportion over last year's figure of 67,757 cwt. for this method. Three steam-trawlers, one of which operated for ten months, the other for nine months, and the third for eight months, caught a total of 41,892 cwt., whereas last year the total was 45,309 cwt. Motor-line-fishing boats landed 4,287 cwt., compared with 2,998 cwt.. for the previous year, and the netting boats 1,580 cwt., compared with 3,050 cwt. in 1947.

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Method of Fishing. Quantity. Value. Cwt. Percentage of Total. £ Percentage of I Total. 1 Trawl Danish seine Long and hand lines Set and 4 ra g nets 216,505 (204,654) 88,980 (96,715) 102,496 (102,452) 38,284 (34,479) 48-51 (46-69) 19-94 (22-07) 22-97 (23-37) 8-58 (7-87) 396,597 (376,738) 130,112(131,915) 232,862 (231,397) 78,763 (62,446) [ ! 47-30 (46-95) 15-52 (16-44) 27-78(28-83) 9-40 (7-78) Totals 446,265 (438,300) "838,334 (802,496)

Quantity. Value. Port. Cwt. Percentag e of Total, j p Percentage of Total.. 1948. 1947. 1 1948. I 1947. 1948. 1947. 1948. 1947. Auckland Wellington Port Chalmers Napier Timaru Bluff and Stewart Island Thames Tauranga Gisborne Lyttelton Chatham Islands Nelson 142,766 40,117 38,460 27,254 20,661 17,638 17,105 13,763 13,260 12,520 12,490 11,314 142,304 44,291 44,849 23,525 21,216 19,523 13,035 7,086 10,926 17,387 9,412 10,040 31-99 8-99 8-62 6-11 1 4-63 3-95 3-83 3-08 2-97 2-81 2-80 2-54 | i 32-47 10-11 10-23 5-37 4-84 4-45 2-97 1-62 2-49 3-97 2-15 2-29 208,079 91,255 59,404 53,329 53,615 44,323 31,858 20,064 21,432 27,487 15,262 20,074 186,504 96,784 70,583 46,099 55,016 50,624 22,200 9,178 17,356 37,695 12,248 19,429 24-82 10-89 7-09 6-36 6-39 5-29 3-80 2-39 2-56 3-28 1-82 2-39 23-24 12-06 8-8fr 5-74 6-86; 6-31 2-77 1-14 2-16 4-70 1-53 2-42 Total 367,348 363,594 82-32 82-96 646,182 623,716 77-08 77-73

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The annual totals by methods and the annual quantities of the four main varieties landed at Auckland over the past five years are given below:—

Thames. —The total this year, 17,105 cwt., shows a further recovery, the total this year being 4,070 cwt. over last year's total. Netting boats landed 14,960 cwt., of which 6,763 cwt. was snapper and 4,849 cwt. flounder. The methods of capture and the annual totals landed at Thames during the past five years are given below :

Tauranga.—The total catch for this year (13,763 cwt.) is almost double that for last year (7,086 cwt.). The one Danish-seine vessel operated for eleven months and landed 2,496 cwt., as against 1,526 cwt. for nine months' fishing last year. The one motor-trawler also fished for eleven months and landed 5,394 cwt., as against 1,817 cwt. last year. The tables below summarize the methods of capture and kinds of fish respectively landed during the last five years:—

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Method of Pishing. 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 194*. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Danish seine 105,37(5 97,608 96,990 90,824 86,191 Steam-trawl 1,929 19,553 36,964 45,309 41,982 Motor-trawl 172 39 8,637 Line-fishing (motor) 1,409 2,493 3,097 2,998 4,287 Net-fishing (motor) 2,303 3,092 4,125 3,050 1,580 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt, Cwt, Cwt, Cwt, Cwt, Total quantity landed 111,078 122,789 141,406 142,304 142,766 Snapper 79,844 81,706 93,792 101,470 110,911 Tarakihi 18,289 23,965 27,788 22,285 17,031 Flounder 1,857 2,047 1,457 3,036 396 Gurnard 3,206 5,570 7,370 6,199 5,139

Method of Fishing. 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Danish seine Set-nets Lines Totals - Cwt. 1,273 18,361 57 Cwt. 582 16,483 180 Cwt. 9,552 1,272 Cwt. 12j 152 883 Cwt. 2,145 19,691 17,245 10,824 1 13,035 1 17,105

Method of Fishing. 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Danish seine Motor-trawl Nets and lines Totals .. Cwt. 2,907 7,578 Cwt. 418 1,783 5,258 Cwt. 364 2,579 3,473 Cwt. 1,526 1,817 3,743 Cwt, 2,496 5,394 5,873 10,485 7,459 6,416 7,086 13,763 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Total quantity landed Snapper Tarakihi Trevally Kahawai Cwt. 10,485 4,152 1,057 2,509 732 Cwt. 7,459 2,513 1,289 1,219 1,070 Cwt. 6,416 1,459 1,917 1,091 1,029 Cwt. 7,086 2,021 1,998 777 681 Cwt. 13,763 4,426 5,226 2,479 495

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Gisborne. —An increase of 2,334 cwt. brings the total for this year to 13,260 cwt. This continues the steady increase in the quantity of fish landed at Gisborne, as shown in the table below. Of this year's total, 12,453 cwt. (93-91 per cent.) was caught by motor trawlers :

Napier. —The annual increase in the quantity of fish landed at this port during the last four years has been continued this year. Of the total quantity landed (27,254 cwt.), 25,827 cwt. (94-76 per cent.) was caught by motor-trawlers. Last year the total for this method was 20,947 cwt. The motor-vessel which operated the Danish-seine method last year changed over to trawling at the commencement of fishing this year. Motor line and net vessels landed a total of 1,415 cwt., of which 363 cwt. (355 cwt. blue cod and 8 cwt. hapuku) were landed by a Napier boat as a result of two trips to the Chatham Islands fishing-grounds. The total quantity of fish caught by motor line and net vessels on local grounds this year was 1,052 cwt., which is considerably more than last year's total of 238 cwt. This increase was largely made up of hapuku, which increased from 95 "cwt. last year to 763 cwt. this year for this method of fishing. The annual totals and main species over the last five years are given below: —

Wellington.—This year's total is 4,174 cwt. below that of last year, the two totals being 40,117 cwt. (1948) and 44,291 cwt. (1947). Two steam-trawlers operated and landed a total of 25,764 cwt., compared with 25,544 cwt. for this method last year. Of this year's total for steam-trawlers, the amount of tarakihi was 22,694 cwt. (88-08 per cent.). The total for motor-trawlers (1,132 cwt.) is well below the total for last year of 3,243 cwt. This drop is to be expected because three motor-trawlers operated during 1947, but only two during 1948, and one of these changed to the Auckland registry in August. The total catch for the Island Bay line-fishing fleet is 12,815 cwt. This is 1,896 cwt. below the corresponding figure for 1947. Out of the total of 12,815 cwt. caught by these line boats, 7,749 cwt. was hapuku and 3,013 cwt. ling. The total for net boats is down from 783 cwt. in 1947 to 400 cwt. in 1948. The annual totals landed at Wellington over the past five years are given below :

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J; 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Total quantity landed 7,703 8,236 10,052 10,926 13,260 Tarakihi 5,641 6,308 7,547 6,864 8,907 Gurnard 1,244 1,167 1,549 1,444 1,117 Hapuku 289 359 358 775 857

— 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Total quantity landed 17,865 19,194 22,249 23,525 27,254 Tarakihi 8,966 9,744 11,489 16,201 19,955 •Gurnard 4,621 5,362 5,994 4,180 3,596 Sole 1,710 1,036 2,746 1,297 886 Hapuku .. .. .. , 986 1,443 378 715 1.481

— 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Total quantity landed 14,019 31,554 39,744 44,291 40,117 Tarakihi 999 16,857 21,204 22,455 23,423 Hapuku 6,714 5,403 7,132 8,017 8,075 Ling 2,761 3,208 4,046 5,420 3,124 Hake 705 928 973 1,000 1,355

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Lyttelton.—The total catch landed was 12,520 cwt., which is 4,867 cwt. less than last' year's total of 17,387 cwt. The only steam-trawler landed 480 cwt. before becoming a total loss early in March of this year. Motor-trawlers accounted for 11,888 cwt. (94-95 per cent.), compared with 13,542 cwt. (77-89 per cent.) for last year. Line boats landed a total of 38 cwt. and net boats a total of 114 cwt. The figures for the main types of fish landed at Lyttelton for the last five years are given below :

Timaru.—This year's total of 20,661 cwt. is slightly lower than that recorded for last year (21,216 cwt.). The annual catches of the main types of fish and the methods by which they were caught are given below :

Port Chalmers. —This year the total amount of fish landed is 6,389 cwt. below last year's high total of 44,849 cwt., this year's figure being 38,460 cwt. The amount landed by the one steam-trawler is 15,827 cwt., compared with 14,670 cwt. last year. The total for motor-trawlers is down from 16,863 cwt. last year to 12,693 cwt. this year, and the total for motor line-fishing boats is down from 13,264 cwt. last year to 9,938 cwt. this year.

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— 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. . Cwt. Cwt. Total quantity landed 16,221 11,430 15,400 17,387 12,520 Tarakihi 6,202 4,840 7,094 8,895 6,101 Ling 1,556 1,447 2,133 2,278 1,539 Elephant-fish 2,611 1,632 1,805 1,413 1,016 Gurnard 2,537 1,203 1,269 1,105 895 Red cod 191 46 200 424 659 |

— 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948.. Total quantity landed Red cod Ling Gurnard Hapuku Elephant-fish Flounder Sole .. Cwt. 13,022 919 1,568 2,265 1,635 1,795 1,600 2,278 Cwt. 11,386 432 1,047 1,879 1,275 2,155 1,819 1,903 Cwt. 21,223 3,823 3,136 2,946 2,796 2,445 2,367 2,571 Cwt. 21,216 2,630 3,817 2,051 2,560 1,714 4,318 2,652 Cwt. 20,661 1,535 3,45£ 2,244 3,416 2,938. 3,486 2,357 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. • 1948. Total quantity landed Motor-trawl .. ... Danish seine Line-fishing (motor-vessels) Cwt. 13,022 8,142 1,804 3,076 Cwt. 11,386 7,880 1,292 2,214 Cwt. 21,223 15,794 5 * 429 Cwt. 21,216 15,785 5 j 431 Cwt 20,661 15,073 5,588

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The figures for the main types of fish caught over the last five years are given below :

Nelson. —This year's total of 11,314 cwt. continues the steady increase over the past five years at this port. Of this total, 6,530 cwt. was snapper, compared with 6,053 cwt. for last year, and 3,278 cwt. was gurnard, compared with 1,905 cwt. for last year. The annual totals for the various methods of fishing during the past five years are given below :

Chatham Islands.—As the returns for this area were incomplete, the totals for 1947 were given as 5,565 cwt., £6,948. These totals should have been 9,412 cwt., £12,248. The total for this year is 12,490 cwt. All the fish landed at the Chatham Islands are caught by motor line-fishing boats. The figures for the only two types of fish caught oyer the past five years are given below :

The correction referred to above affecting the 1947 catch for the Chatham Islands has not been altered in all other tables referring to the 1947 figures. Exports and Imports The imports of fish for the year amounted to 38,943 cwt. of canned fish such as herring, salmon, sardine, and 1,198 cwt. of fish otherwise preserved, with a total value of £440,811. The total value of fish and shell-fish exported during 1948 was £493,736, which represents an increase of £135,518 on the previous year's figure of £358,218.

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— 1944. 1945. | 1 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Total quantity landed 23,264 25,533 23,250 44,849 38,460 Barracouta 6,300 7,502 8,171 13,938 11,262 Soles .. 4,993 6,282 8,366 10,963 9,652 Tarakihi. 3,166 173 81 9,977 8,476 Red cod 4,033 7,605 3,846 2,536 1,304 Flounder 1,163 1,366 745 1,062 766

— 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Total quantity landed 5,541 6,372 7,078 10,040 11,314 Danish seine 2,714 3,081 2,648 2,098 Trawl (motor) 878 1,888 3,260 7,574 10*683 Lines (motor) 1,936 1,138 1,043 363 623 Other methods 13 265 127 5 8

— 1944. i 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Total quantity landed 4,420 2,078.. 3,586 9,412 12,490 Blue cod 4,248 2,011 3,442 9,246 12,265 Hapuku 172 67 144 166 225

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The totals for the principal classes of fishery products exported for the last three years are given below :

A more detailed report of the quantities and kinds of fish and shell-fish is given in Table VIII. Sardines The landings of sardines at Picton show an increase over last year's figures. The figures for the total sardine catch at Picton during the last five years are as follows : Cwt. 1948 .. .. \. .. .. .. 896 1947 .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 1946 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,191 1945 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,458 1944 .. .. .. .. .. .." 4,281 Fish-liver Oil This branch of the industry showed a decrease over last year's figures. The weight of livers treated 677,435 lb., a decrease of 20,871 lb., and fish-liver oil produced 24,083 gallons, a decrease of 6,344 gallons, as compared with last year's figures. A total of 17,712 gallons of fish-liver oil was exported, a decrease of 9,313 gallons on last year's figure. Whaling A total of 92 whales, all humpbacks, was taken during the season, thefirstwhale being caught on 4th May and the last on 29th July. The best period during the season was from 16th June to 10th July, during which 60 whales were taken. The total of 92 whales was made up of 45 males and 47 females. Bad weather and discoloured water in Cook Strait, with the whales migrating closer than usual to the coast of the North Island, weighed against the work of the hunters. The yield was 644 tons of oil, 80 tons of bonedust, and 40 tons of whale-meat (canned). Seals The close season for taking seals was extended for a further three years. Another scientific expedition to gain further information on seal colonies took place during July, 1948. It is hoped to have the results of these expeditions published as a fishery bulletin in the near future.

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Quantity. "Value. 1946. 1947. 1948. 1946. I 1947. 1948. Oysters, fresh *Mussels Fish, frozen Crayfish, frozen Fish, smoked, dried, &c. Fish and shell-fish (canned) 85,400 doz. 27,698 cwt. 1,487 cwt. 2,602 cwt. 450,0441b. 950 doz. 41,800 cwt. 2,335 cwt. 4,384 cwt. 649,5651b. 1,020 doz. 75 cwt. 54,671 cwt. 3,731 cwt. 1,625 cwt. 755,307 lb. £ 2,819 139,065 7,455 15,277 66,618 £ 27 235,079 17,140 27,533 78,439 £ 30 531 340,441 44,466 11,419 96,849 Total values 231,234 358,218 493,736 * In previous years mussels have been included in fish, frozen.

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• Rock Oysters A total of 5,693 sacks were picked. Picking started on 24th May and finished on 7th August. The yield of oysters in sacks from each of the various areas was as follows : Bay of Islands, 2,242 ; Whangarei Harbour, 226 ; Coromandel, 368 ; Great Barrier Island, 240 ; Kaipara Harbour, 1,027 ; Manukau Harbour, 54 ; Hauraki Gulf, 1,536. The quantities from Hauraki Gulf were obtained from the following areas : Ponui Island, 627 ; Waiheke Island, 592 ; Rakino Island, 95 ; Takatu to Gull Point, 94 ; •Crusoe Island, 49 : Noises Islands, 42 ; Motutapu Island, 25 ; Pakatoa Island, 12. Oyster-cultivation for the Year Ended 31st March, 1949 Area. 11. Whangarei Harbour: 134,200 borers and 769 pupu destroyed, 48 square yards of rock cleared of dead shell. Cost, £6l 4s. V. South Shore : 146,000 borers and 42 pupu destroyed, 63 square yards of rock cleared of dead shell. Cost, £4 14s. 3d. XIII. Waiheke : 392,000 borers and 111 pupu destroyed, 146 square yards of rock cleared of dead shell. Cost, £l4 17s. 3d. XIV. Ponui: 185,000 borers destroyed and 314 square yards of rock cleared of dead shell. Cost, £5 16s. XVI. Great Barrier : 1,485 square yards of rock cleared of dead shell and 318 square yards cleared of grape weed. Cost, £34 3s. Total for all areas : 857,200 borers and 922 pupu destroyed, 2,056 square yards of rock cleared of dead shell, and 318 square yards cleared of grape weed. Cost, £l2O 14s. 6d. Dredge Oysters : Foveaux Strait, 1948 The total catch of 94,444 sacks shows an increase of 12,926 sacks over last year's total and constitutes "an all-time record. One vessel which was under overhaul for practically the whole of the 1947 season operated throughout 1948, bringing the number of vessels oystering up to ten. August showed the highest landings. Nearly two-thirds of the oysters taken came from the East Bed and from other beds in the vicinity of Ruapuke Island. The weather throughout the season was fair to good. In view of the high catch in 1948, the dredge size has been restricted to 11 ft. in length for the 1949 season. This will not only assist conservation, but should ensure better culching of the oysters on the part of some of the oystermen, who tend to become careless when the daily catch is too high. The totals for the last six years are set out below : Year. . Sacks. 1943 .. .. .. .. .. 73,119 1944 .. .. .. .. .. 63,949 1945 .. .. .. .. .. 76,038 1946 .. .. .. .. .. 89,356 1947 .. .. .. .. .. 81,518 1948 .. .. .. .. .. 94,444 Toheroas The Ninety-mile Beach toheroa-beds are not yet showing any signs of recovery. On the other beaches the toheroa stocks are holding in spite of heavy abstractions by increasing numbers of the public. Surveys during the year indicate that any further increase in abstractions by the public is likely to have a marked adverse effect on the toheroa population on most beaches.

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Mussels The catch of mussels in the Thames-Coromandel-Auckland area totalled 14,224 sacks this year ; of the balance, 186 sacks came from Tauranga and 4 from Napier. The table below shows the catch of mussels over the last five years :

Whitebait Fishery, 1948 Season

On the Waikato River the season was much the same as last year —that is to say, a poor one ; elsewhere it was extremely poor. Though the West Coast again supplied the bulk of the catch, the season here was very disappointing. The estimated total of 4,517 cwt. is a considerable drop on last year's total of 7,056 cwt. , Quinnat Salmon This season was again a good one compared with the standards prior to 1946. On the Waimakariri River the first netted fish was landed on 6th February. The two nets on this river took a total of 849 fish, compared with 983 last year.

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■ — 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. Total quantity landed .. . 1 Sacks. 15,390 Sacks. 13,156 Sacks. 10,568 Sacks. 16,261 Sacks. 14,414

Number of Total Quantity Caught District. Principal Rivers Fished for Which Returns Were Received. Best Period. Fishermen (Approximately). Regular. Casual. (Approximately). Auckland f Waikato \ Raglan and Kawhia Harbour streams Sept. 120 I 60 Cwt. 881f 14 Bay of Plenty .. Kaituna, Tarawera, Rangitaiki, Waioeka, Otaro Sept. '39 io3 94£ Hawkes Bay Tukituki, Ngaruroro Sept. 53 90 14 Wairarapa Lake Onoke Mid. Sept. 2 6 2 Wellington Waikanae, Waimeha, Mangone, Otaki, Waiotahu, Ohau, Hokio, Manawatu, Kaikokopu, Rangitikei Nov. 69 170 431 Wanganui Turakina, Kai-iwi, Wanganui Nov. 4 10 4 Patea Waitotara, Whenuakura, Patea, Kakaramea Kaupokonui, Ohawe, Tangahoe, Waitara, Mokau, Waiongona, Awakino, Waiwakaiho, Mimi, Urenui, Te Heirni Mid. Sept. 20 62 27* Taranaki Oct. 8 290 22J Marlborough Wairau, Omaka, Opawa .. .. .. ' Oct.-Nov. 4 41 North Canterbury Waiau, Conway, Hurunui, Waipara 11 Christchurch Saltwater, Ashley, Waimakariri, Avon I 122 South Canterbury Rakaia, Orari, Opihi, Ashburton, Rangitata, Waitaki 57 (north bank) Otago Molyneux, Puerua, Taieri, Waipori, Kakanui, Shag, Sept.-Oct. 24 102 118| Waikouaiti, Tokomairiro, Tahakopa, Maclennan, Owaka, Catlins, Tautuku, Pleasant, Wainakarua, Waitaki (south bank) Southland Mataura, Titiroa, Oreti, Waihopai, Waimatuku, Aparima, Nov. 47 237J Waiau, and Big Bay (south-west coast) West Coast— Wataroa Maori, Haast, Karangarua, Okuru, Waiotahi, Turnbull, Cascade, Pox, Jacobs, Mahitahi, Parenga, Blue, Big Wanganui, Poerua, Wataroa 307 50 940 Hokitika Hokitika, Mahinapua, Arahura, Totara (Ross) 183 350 619 Greymoirth 1. Grey, New, Teremakau 38 320 225 Westport Karamea, Little Wanganui, Mohikinui, Ourawhaiti, 57 480 1,042 Buller, Totara 1 4,517

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Canned Fishery Products A small quantity of the fishery products are canned. These include toheroa, paua, mussels, crayfish, eels, trevally, herring, pilchard, mackerel, whitebait, and-whale-meat. The quantity canned is set out below : lb. Shellfish (including crayfish) .. .. .. 61,756 Whitebait .. .. .. .. .. 215,207 Sea fish generally .. .. .. .. .. 750,788 Eels .. .. .. .! .. .. 17,520 Whale-meat .. .. .. .. .. 89,600 Total .. .. .. .. .. 1,134,871 Fresh-water Fisheries Fresh-water Fisheries Advisory Council. —The Council held a two-day meeting in September, 1948. As both the research programme and major administrative changes recommended by the Council call for steady long-term progress, the Council's business can be and is efficiently conducted by infrequent full meetings and the circulation of matter of interest between meetings. Legislation.—With the assistance of the acclimatization society representatives on the Advisory Council, a substantial redrafting of Part II of the Fisheries Act was carried out. This Act had remained little changed since 1908 and both the Department and societies had long been aware of anomalies and irksome restraints. on necessary work imposed by it. The amending Bill was passed without division by the Legislature. In addition to removing obstructive provisions, it amplifies considerably powers of regulation and also simplifies the procedure for making local regulations. Regulations.—The general fresh-water fishery regulations have not been consolidated for twelve years, and a comprehensive revision, in harmony with the provisions of the amending Act, is in hand. Following on this, consideration will be given to a revision of all local regulations, and, where expedient, regional sets of regulations will be substituted for several district sets. The general aims are to substitute for the present unwieldly mass of regulations simpler and more concise sets having greater uniformity from area to area. Pollution.—A fact-finding survey on the state and causes of pollution of inland and coastal waters and on the law and administrative machinery for coping with it has been carried out by the Assistant Fishery Officer for an inter-departmental committee. This survey has been conducted essentially in the general public interest rather than from a purely fisheries interest. Arising from the survey, certain recommendations are being made to the Government for dealing progressively with the unsatisfactory conditions disclosed. There .is no easy and speedy solution to this trouble, but it is hoped that it will prove possible first to arrest any increase of pollution and then slowly to bring about an improvement. Fisheries Officers' Training Scheme.—A limited number of junior officers is being trained by the Fisheries Branch for ultimate staff-replacement needs of the Department of Internal Affairs. South Island societies have shown keenness to their future employees a broader basic training than has been available hitherto, and the question of extending the present scheme to enable societies to benefit by it is being examined. Pacific Science Congress.-Opportunity was taken when the Pacific Science Congress met here to introduce some of the distinguished overseas fisheries scientists to acclimatization officers, and in Auckland, Rotorua, North Canterbury, and Southern Lakes visitors were enabled to see local field conditions through the courtesy of local authorities. Drs. W. A. Clemens and R. E. Foerster, of Canada, met and gave short addresses to the South Island Council of Societies. Members of the Department's staff contributed papers in the zoological sessions of the Congress. Publications.—A series of minor scientific papers and informative articles have been prepared by the staff.

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Fisheries Bulletin No. 9, " Trout Fisheries in New Zealand —Their Development and Management," has been distributed during the year. A free allocation was made to acclimatization societies against the needs of councillors, staff, and honorary officers. In addition, substantial quantities were made available through societies to anglers at the concession rate of 2s. 6d. a copy before the need to husband remaining stocks compelled reversion to the issue price of 4s. for paper-bound and 12s. 6d. for cloth-bound copies. Early indications are of a very favourable reception of this work overseas. There has been a heavy demand for copies for fisheries staffs and libraries in several countries, and a gratifying feature has been the request for the work from several universities, which .propose to use it for instructional purposes in their schools of fisheries or in their divisions of economic zoology. Local Administrative Policy. —The Council of South Island Acclimatization Societies has responded immediately to suggestions for improvement of local administration made in Bulletin 9 and has officially adopted the recommendations made in it as a broad basis for future policy. Already consultations are proceeding with a view to bringing about greater uniformity of fisheries effort as between financially weak and strong districts. Fresh-water Research The research programme which has been outlined in earlier publications has been actively pursued during the year. While it has not yet been possible to obtain additional permanent scientific staff, two temporary Biologists were employed during the University summer vacation and gave valuable assistance. There has been a considerable increase in technical assistant staff at the Laboratory, and this is now adequate to present needs. The increase is largely the result of the action of the Department of Internal Affairs, which is making a contribution to the upkeep of fisheries research by seconding junior •officers to serve as assistants in the Laboratory for a few years. Eels.—The investigations on eels which deal with populations, relations and methods of trapping have been continued. The data collected in Southland in 1947-48 have been fully analysed, and further field-work has beenundertaken in the Wellington and Auckland districts. It has been found that conventional methods of trapping take relatively few eels less than 25 in. in length. Since eels begin to feed freely on trout at • a size only slightly greater than this, fairly frequent retrapping is necessary if their predations on trout are to be significantly reduced. Present evidence suggests that trapping at least every third year is required for this purpose, even where almost all the takeable eels are removed each time. In rivers of medium size a gang of twenty pots skilfully operated can probably remove 90 per cent, of the trappable eels from one and a quarter miles of water in a five-day week. The investigations show wide differences from stream to stream in the extent to which eels have been feeding upon trout, even in cases where trout are equally abundant. The differences seem to depend upon the nature of the cover and on the quantity of other foods, such as koura, which are available. Erosion and Flooding.—The study of the effects of flooding and erosion on the supply of trout-food, in the Horokiwi has been completed, and the results are now being analysed and prepared for publication. The results support the belief that this factor may in some cases have played an important part in the deterioration of trout stocks, since the amount of fish-food present may be seriously reduced in this way. Some preliminary studies were also undertaken on the Ashley River, in North Canterbury, regarding the direct effects of the same factors on the numbers of trout by the disturbance of redds and the destruction of eggs. Angling Data. —The 1947-48 season was the first in which an attempt was made to organize a Dominion-wide scheme for the collection of information by means of angling diaries and rangers' reports. The. results varied widely in different districts, but although some societies were unable to obtain any records, a satisfactory response was received in other areas, particularly in the South Island, and a total of about 180 diaries was available for study. In the most successful district about 10 per cent, of

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the anglers co-operated. Reports on the results were sent to all societies sending in diaries, with the suggestion that they be circulated as widely as possible among anglers. It is believed that the demonstration in this way of the amount of valuable data which can be obtained from diaries will do much to encourage participation in the scheme and so build up the fund of detailed information which all acclimatization societies require for the efficient management of their districts. Horokiwi Investigation.—Good progress has been made with the analysis of the very detailed studies of the trout population of this stream which were made in 1939-42. If other commitments allow, it is hoped to publish an account of this work in the coming year. Lake Surveys.—A survey of troutless waters has been started with the object of determining • whether the conditions prevailing in them would make them suitable for some other desirable fish which could be. introduced. The lakes on the west coast of the North Island between Otaki and Hawera were selected for the first year's work and a survey team made a close examination of ten of these and less-detailed observations on several others. The results are now being examined, but it is apparent while some lakes offer good prospects for the establishment of suitable species of fish, others have features which make the successful introduction of any desirable species of fish improbable. Fiordland Expedition. —Two members of the staff of the Fisheries Laboratory have accompanied the New Zealand - American Fiordland Expedition to Caswell Sound in order to take the opportunity so provided to study fishery conditions in this little-known part of the country. Marine Research The newly appointed Marine Biologist, who commenced duties in February, was mostly occupied on becoming acquainted with fishery problems. research vessel " Ikatere " has been engaged in experimental work on trawlmesh selectivity as her major task during the year. Other work included an assignment to clarify existing knowledge of the underwater behaviour of Danish seines and a brief experiment in the use of gill nets for taking pelagic fish pending the arrival of more suitable equipment for this work. A detailed survey of toheroa stocks was made on Muriwai in July. Ninety-mile, Mitimiti, Dargaville, Ohope, and Waiterere toheroa beaches were also surveyed, though in less detail. A census of available stocks and an analysis of environmental factors affecting toheroa populations were the principal objects of this work. Legislation The Fisheries Amendment Act, 1948, was passed during the year. This Act gave power to increase the penalties for the more serious offences such as fishing in prohibited waters, clarified certain sections of the principal Act, and extended other sections to cover practices which have come into use during "recent years. The Fisheries (General) Regulations had two minor amendments, both dealing with crayfish. The Boats and Licences Regulations had a small amendment dealing with the measurement of boats and the form of certain Schedules in the principal regulations. Staff The addition of one Marine Biologist to the staff has helped somewhat, but we are still short of trained scientific and clerical staff. This is hampering development of our work, which consists of rendering the maximum assistance to the industry and at the same time maintaining a close check on the state of the various fishing-grounds.. M. W. Young, Chief Inspector of Fisheries.

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APPENDIX The Distribution and Quantities of the Four Most Important Species In the maps that follow, the distribution of the four most important commercial species is indicated—namely, Snapper, Tarakihi, Hapuku, and Blue Cod. The range of distribution shown in ■each case is based on the incidence of the species in the catch of commercial boats. The activities of the commercial boats are in turn bound up with such factors as suitable harbours in relation to nature and extent of fishing-ground, market demand for the species, and quantities available. Thus the bulk of the fishing is done from east coast ports, where known grounds are more extensive and where there is more shelter. Because of the exposure to the prevailing westerly weather, lack of shelter and suitable harbour facilities, the west coast of New Zealand generally is only lightly fished. Snapper, the most abundant species, is mainly caught by trawl and Danish-seine, though a significant quantity is caught in set and drag nets and by lines. The range of this species in commercial quantities is remarkable in that it is more clearly defined than is the case of the other species discussed. Snapper form the principal species in the catch in the north-western part of the South Island, the west coast of the North Island, and the east coast of the North Island to just south of East Cape. Tarakihi is caught by the same methods as snapper, trawling being the most important. The principal tarakihi fisheries are on the east coast south of East Cape, though significant quantities are taken on the» Auckland east coast and in Bay of Plenty and a smaller quantity on the west coast of the South Island. Hapuku or groper is mainly a line-caught fish associated with rocky bottom and a depth of about •60 fathoms. The distribution is general where the bottom is suitable ; it forms a principal fishery in Cook Strait and on the rocky parts of the east coast of the South Island. Blue cod, also a line-caught fish associated with rock bottom, is principally a southern fish, with the main fishery about Foveaux Strait and Stewart Island. Though represented in the North, the species in these waters is not numerous or of the same consistent size that is to be found in South Island waters. The total annual production of each of these species since 1936 is shown in the accompanying graph. Snapper-and tarakihi, being principally trawl caught, show a depression during the war years while steam-trawlers were otherwise engaged. The addition of modern steam-trawlers to Wellington and Port Chalmers on the principal tarakihi grounds accounts for much of the increase in this species. The limit imposed by market demand for this species is partly responsible for the fiattening-off of this line during 1948. Hapuku, a line-caught fish, shows a slight rise in post-war years, due mainly to the re-engining and replacement of a considerable number of the boats. The rise shown in the Blue Cod catch during 1946-48 is due mainly to the Chatham Islands fishery, which was only lightly fished during the war years.

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11—15

NEW ZEALAND SHOWING The approximate distribution of the commercial catch of SNAPPER

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2—H 15

NEW ZEALAND SHOWING The approximate distribution of the commercial catch of TARAKIHI

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NEW ZEALAND SHOWING The approximate distribution of commercial catch of GROPER (HAPUKU)

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NEW ZEALAND SHOWING The approximate distribution of commercial catch of BLUE COD

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MARINE FISH HATCHERY AND BIOLOGICAL STATION, PORTOBELLO SIR, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the Portobello Marine Biological Station for the year ended 31st March, 1949. Lack of funds and the prevailing difficulties with regard to material and labour have prevented the carrying-out of projected works for the reconditioning of the Station and for adding to its facilities for research. Only essential repairs, such as the renewal of the shaft and glands of the pump and the replacement of worn-out pipes, have been possible. The aged wharf is now in poor condition, and steps are being taken to effect such repairs as will make it reasonably safe for the time being. Improved access by land is much to be desired, but no possibility of providing this has yet been discovered. Research work has been carried out at Portobello by various members of the Zoology Department of the University of Otago ; Miss Brewin is continuing her work of the embryology of the compound ascidian, Distaplia fasmeriana, and Miss Richards and Miss Borland both used the Station for field* observation and collection of Tevebratella inconspicua Benhamina obliquata, the subjects Of their theses. Research work in zoology was also done by visiting members of the staff of Canterbury University College, Professor Percival continuing his research on Dolichoglossus otagcensis and Miss Parry collecting sea anemones for her monograph of the sea-anemone fauna of New Zealand. Early in spring, 1948, Dr. and Mrs. T. Levring, from Gottenburg, Sweden, spent a week at the Station collecting marine algae. They were accompanied by Miss L. B. Moore, Algologist of the Botany Division, New Zealand. Other prominent algologists who visited the Station after the Seventh Pacific Science Congress were Dr. F. G. Papenfuss, Associate Professor of Botany, University of California; Professor H. J. Lam, Director of Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Holland; and Mr. H. B. S. Womersley, Lecturer in Botany, Adelaide. All the oceanographers and marine zoologists who visited the Station after the Congress (Professor C. M. Yonge, Regis Professor of Zoology, Glasgow; . Dr. Martin Johnson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California ; Dr. R. W. Hiatt, University of Hawaii, Honolulu ; and Dr. Anton Brunn, Keeper of the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, and leader of the 1950-52 Danish Deep Sea Expedition) were impressed by the .facilities offered by the Station and the possibilities for its improvement in the future. I have, &c., A. E. Hefforb, Chairman of the Board.

3—H 15

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Table I—Showing the Number of Fishing-vessels and the Number of Fishermen and Other Persons Engaged in the Industry at Each Port for the Year Ended 31st December, 1948

38

Vessels Engaged in Fishing for Wet Fish. Vessels Engaged in Shell-fishery. Vessels Licensed. 1st January, 1948, Number of to 31st December, Motor-vessels st Motor- Motor-vessels R - Oyster- Mussel- rr „ vflaV . incr Fishermen. 1948. Danish- t ™u- Set-net and dredging dredging Dg ' Name of Port or seining. "awlers. trawlers. Lin6 . flBhing> boats. vessels. Vessels. vessels. District. • bi> u "3 js ,o .u *3 "oS oStSl 4 ' t® "£ 2 S ® -g ® -S oj .g u -go ~ aj -g ® -g ai st sg Hi 2g ga 55JJ5S fa at i.g £.§ is .ga l.§ ,§a la 3a fa .gg la jjjjj, j® J, P^H North Island Mangonui .. .. .. .. 28 15 13 .. 9 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 7 Whangaroa .. .. .. 21 12 9 .. 5 3 .. .. .. .. 4 4 13 6 Russell .. .. .. .. 58 32 26 10 17 1 2 .. .. 2 19 27 Whangarei .. .. 26 18 8 .. 1 5 9... 1 .. ,. .. .. 1 2 21 14 Auckland .. .. .. 149 93 56 37* 3 .. 2 .. 14 23 1 .. 8 11 199 42 Thames district .. .. .. 38 27 11 20 2 . . 4 .. . . 1 52 7 Coromandel .. .. .. 11 3 8 .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 Mercury Bay .. .. .. 9 7 2 .. 4 .. .. .. .. 6 .. 10 2 Whangamata .. .. .. 13 6 7 .. 1 3 .. .. .. 1 1 5 8 Waihi Beach .. .. .. 10 4 6 4 1 .. 6 Tauranga and district .. .. 37 25 12 1 1 12 9 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 37 22 Whakatane .. .. .. 4 4 .. 1 1 2 .. .. .. .. 1 4 4 Ohiwa Harbour, Opotiki, and Cape Run- 15 7 8 .... 2 3 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. 5 11 away Gisborne .. .. .. .. 22 14 8 .. 8 1 2 .. .. . . 4 2 31 2 Napier .. .. .. .. 35 27 8 .. 17 1 2 4 .. . . . . 2 3 51 7 Castlepoint .. .. .. 8 4 4 .. 1 2 .. .. .. .. 2 1 6 Wellington . .. .. .. 56 38 18 .. 2 .. 2 19 8 .. 1 .. .. .. 8 5 103 13 Makara .. .. .. .. 6 5 1 .. 2 3 .. .. .. 1 1 6 2 Paremata .. .. .. .. 11 7 4 .. 5 2 .. .. .... .. 10 2 Paraparaumu Beach .. .. 9 4 5 .. 3 1 .. .. .. .. .. 5 1 Manawatu Heads .. .. .. 13 5 8 .. 1 .. 1 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 Tangimoana .. .. .. 4 .. 4 .. Wanganui .. .. .. .. 14 7 7 .. 7 . . .. .. .. .. .. 8 New Plymouth .. .. .. 16 10 6 .. 1 6 3 .. . . .. .. 1 16 4 Kawhia .. .. .. .. 7 6 1 .. 2 2.. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 6 Raglan .. .. .. .. 10 7 3 3 3 . . 1 5 5 Manakau Harbour .. .. .. 28 9 19 .. 4 5 .. .. .. .. .. 1 4 6 Kaipara .. .. . . .. 44 27 17 .. 17 9 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 12 Hokianga .. .. .. .. 21 5 16 1 3 .. 1 1 4

H—ls

39

South tiland i i Havelock .. .. .. .. 31 21 10 .. 6 3 9 3 30 10 Picton .. .. .. .. 25 18 7 .. 8 8 .. .. . . 9 2 34 1 Blenheim (Wairau) .. .. .. 7 5 2 .. 3.. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 6 2 Kaikoura .. .. .. .. 1 30 24 6 1 1 13 2 1.. .. .. .. . 7 6 29 2 Lyttelton .. .. .. .. 24 15 9 .. l .. 9 4 .. 1 37 4 Akaroa .. .. .. .. 22 18 4 7 .. 5 4 "5 4 31 1 Lake Ellesmere .. .. .. 29 21 8 6 5 9 1.. .. .. .. .. .. 21 9 Timaru .. .. .. .. 33 33 .. .. 17 16 .. .. .! !! ' [ 08 Oamaru .. .. .. .. 16 14 2 . . 10 4 .. .. .! !! !! 19 ' *6 Moeraki .. .. .. .. 15 13 2 .. 11 2 .. .. .. .. "2 15 3 Karitane .. .. .. .. 9 9 .. .. 8 .. .. .. 3 6 3 7 Port Chalmers . . .. . . 40 31 9 .. . . 1 .. 16 2 11 3 .. . . .. .. 1 56 8 Taieri Mouth .. .. .. 7 7 .. .. 1 .. 6f .. .. .. .. 2 11 Nuggets district .. .. .. 17 13 4 .. 10 .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. !! !! .. 24 !! AVaikawa .. .. .. .. 9 8 1 .. 5.. 3 .. .. .] .! !! 16 .. Invercargill .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. " "2 Bluff .. .. .. .. 31 28 3 1 1 13 4 10 "4 83 7 Stewart Island .. .. .. 47. 43 4 .. 34 9 .. ,. ,. ,. 17 33 14 Riverton district .. .. .. 8 6 2 .. 2 4 .. .. !! 1! .. 5 9 Hokitika .. .. * .. .. 1 .. 1 .. Greymouth .. .. .. 10 7 3 .. .. 2 2 1 2 .. .. .. .. .. il 3 Westport .. .. .. .. 16 3 13 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 5 1 Golden Bay .. .. .. 6 2 4 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Motueka .. .. .. .. 10 8 2 .. .. 1 2 3 2 .. .. .. .. .. 14 2 Nelson .. .. .. .. 11 10 1 .. 8 2 .. .. .. .. 3 20 French Pass .. .. .. 26 21 5 .. 11 8 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 16 Chatham Islands . . .. .. 6 6 .. .. 6 .. .. .. .. .. 19 Totals .. .. .. 1,210 813 397 39 .. 10 .. 122 8 316 215 19 24 10 2 60 88 1,324 348 * Five of these vessels changed over to trawling during the year and are not included in trawl column. f Four of these vessels transferred from Karitane during the year and are not included in Karitane.. Whole-time fishing = all boats with the year's catch valued at more than £200 gross ; part-time fishing =all boats with the year's catch valued at more than £50 and not more than £200 gross; not operating = all boats with the year's catch valued at not more than £50 gross.

H—ls

Table II —Showing Approximately the Total Quantities of Fish and Shell-fish Landed at the Fishing Ports for the Year Ended 31st December, 1948

40

Name of Port or District. Quantity Landed (Fish). Total Value (Fish). Oysters. Shel Value. 1-fishery Mussels. (Excludi Value. ing Tohe Crayfish. roa). Value. Total Value (Shellfish). Grand Total Value. North Island Cwt. £ Sacks. Sacks. Cwt. £ £ £ Mangonui and district 2,533 3,686 6 11 11 3,697 Whangaroa 844 1,420 1,233 2,772 2,772 4,192 Russell 4,071 6,391 342 690 690 7,081 Whangarei 4,163 6,376 205 576 576 6,952. Auckland 142,766 208,079 5,693 9,945 10,667 3,733 2,285 6,754 20,432 228,511 Thames district 17,105 31,858 3,557 1,076 1 4 1,080 32,938 Coromandel 358 477 14 41 41 518 Mercury Bay 1,005 1,861 1,522 4,662 4,662 6,523 Whangamata 259 507 198 602 602 1,109Waihi Beach 210 386 39 70 70 456 Tauranga and district.. 13,763 20,064 186 93 74 212 305 20,369' Whakatane 637 1,121 44 141 141 1,262 Ohiwa Harbour, Opotiki, and 605 1,428 1 1 1 1,429Cape Runaway Gisborne 13,260 21,432 1,121 2,494 2,494 23,926Napier 27,254 53,329 ' 4 '*2 433 937 939 54,268 Castlepoint 141 588 137 273 273 861 Wellington 40,117 91,255 3,705 10,213 10,213 101,468 Makara 677 1,591 500 1,264 1,264 2,855 Paremata 2,144 7,207 208 555 555 7,762. Paraparaumu Beach 506 1,762 1,762 Manawatu Heads 281 1,062 1,062 Tangimoana 34 98 9& Wanganui 363 865 865 New Plymouth 3,255 7,820 239 670 670 8,490" Kawhia 491 1,666 1,666 Raglan 646 • 1,738 1,738 Manukau Harbour 902 2,157 *49 1.35 i35 2,292 Kaipara 3,088 9,003 9 -,003 Hokianga 574 938 93a South Island Havelock 3,353 7,753 7,753 Picton 3,267 9,305 4,926 11, M7 ll,5i7 20,822 Blenheim 1,575 3,416 113 262 262 3,678 Kaikoura 3,171 8,395 2,094 4,205 4,205 12,600 Lyttelton 12,520 27,487 784 1,594 1,594 29,081 Akaroa 7,159 18,384 2,269 4,525 4,525 22,909Lake Ellesmere 2,810 10,377 10,377 Timaru 20,661 53,615 95 240 240 53,855 Oamaru 3,389 9,529 9,529Moeraki 1,580 4,546 245 239 239 4,785 Karitane 589 1,335 2,645 2,474 2,474 3,809Port Chalmers 38 460 59,404 121 230 230 59,634 Taieri Mouth 732 2,379 169 160 160 2,539Nuggets district 4,091 12,054 9 13 13 12,067 Waikawa 4,214 12,023 13 37 37 12,060 Invercargill 15 52 52 Bluff 5,244 14,806 94,444 79,097 222 768 79,865 94,671 Stewart Island 12,394 29,517 381 3,217 3,217 32,734 Riverton 647 1,489 1,48£ Hokitika 1 3 3 Greymouth 3,818 8,887 8,887 Westport 2,368 6,525 '68 i81 isi 6,706Golden Bay 190 420 13 38 38 458 Motueka 6,050 9,135 38 92 92 9,227 Nelson 11,314 20,074 163 403 403 20,477 French Pass 2,111 . 5,997 5,997 Chatham Islands 12,490 15,262 15,262 Totals 446,265 838,334 100,137 89,042 14,414 4,904 26,724 63,272 157,218 995,552:

H—ls

Table III—Showing the Quantities of Different Kinds of Fish Caught By the Different Methods of Fishing for the Year Ended 31st December, 1948

41

Trawl. Danish Seine. Other Nets. Steam. Motor. Total. Motor. Motor. Bow-boat. Total. Cwt. £ Cwt. £ Cwt. £ Cwt. & 'Cwt. £ Cwt. £ Cwt. £ Barracouta 3,303 1,708 78 73 3,471 1,781 *.. Blue cod .. 42 • 115 42 115 ' 14 35 Bonita (Brama) Brill ' *25 "70 "25 "70 Butterflsh (greenbone) 1 2 1 2 1,555 4 j 738 ' *16 ' '54 1^571 4^792 Conger-eel 12 8 12 8 3 2 3 2 Cream-fish 289 *202 289 202 Elephant-fish 97 166 4,570 9 j 589 4,667 9,755 Flounders 6,914 23,299 6,914 23,299 "53 i.40 9^767 34," 320 1^847 - 7*014 11 i 614 4^334 Frost-fish 4 3 4 3 Garfish ... " 2 " 2 ' "l4 "54 ' *14 " 54 Gurnard 1,854 1652 14," 251 16," 232 16 j105 17,'884 3,801 2,719 1,973 1,391 "l6 12 1,989 1,403 Hake 638 1,776 529 1,319 1,167 3,053 3,095 4 7 4 7 Hapuku (groper) 1,138 3,615 1,915 6,213 9,828 in '384 9 22 9 22 Herrings 1,219 934 178 *215 1,397 1,149 John-dory '373 '552 *446 '695 '819 1^247 Kahawai 2 2 2 2 998 *911 "l2 ' "l2 1^010 ' '923 Kingfish .. 26 39 1 2 27 41 Ling 1 j 103 1,893 3 i 909 7," 291 5,012 9^184 1 3 1 3 Mackerel 92 62 92 62 80 56 80 56 Maomao 10 10 10 10 Moki '710 M86 1 j 444 2," 456 2454 3^642 234 411 9 ' '26 243 437 Mullet 2,147 3,391 . 93 150 2,240 3,541 Parori 51 53 23 12 74 65 Perch 4 3 6 4 ' 'lO 7 Pioki 647 585 1,405 ' 2,047 2,052 2,632 '344 '469 356 505 1 1 357 ' '506 Bed cod 713 482 3,609 3,675 4,322 4,157 119 267 1 2 120 269 Sardine 896 1,046 896 1,046 Shark *463 649 "43 "44 '506 '693 4 " 5 50 67 7 6 57 73 Skate 2 3 6 6 8 9 Snapper 32,253 48,915 16,950 28,587 49,203 77,502 71,701 108 j 333 11 j050 17 j008 'ios *237 11458 17^245 Sole 434 1,219 23,472 72,243 23,906 73,462 5 19 5 19 Swordfish (marlin) Tarakihi 36^87 63 ,'349 45 \085 82^287 81^272 145 i636 11 j404 762 16,893 ' 56 103 "18 ' 67 "74 ' 170 Trevally 3,735 2,658 336 294 4,071 2,952 547 4,302 4,132 82 108 4,384 4,240 Trumpeter 365 1,023 365 1,023 Tuna ' *40 ' 36 Warehou ' - 20 "28 '*20 "28 *371 *748 371 "748 Whiptail .. 341 240 1 1 342 241 Whiting Mixed flat fish '250 *691 1J95 3 j 909 1 445 4 j 600 4 5 4 "5 Mixed round fish and all fish 3,570 1,282 1,584 2,194 5,154 3,476 714 '549 474 507 "98 ' '96 572 603 not specified Totals 88,310 132,919 128,195 263,678 216,505 396,597 88,980 130,112 35,774 70,749 2,510 8,014 38,284 78,763

H—ls

Table III—Showing the Quantities of Different Kinds of Fish Caught by the Different Methods of Fishing for the Year Ended 31st December, 1948—continued

42

Lines. Grand Total. Motor. Row-boat. Total. Barracouta Cwt. £ Cwt. £ Cwt. £ Cwt. £ 9,619 4,610 9,619 4,610 13,090 6,391 Blue cod 32,757 71,528 ' 64 i85 32,821 71,713 32,877 71,863 Bcmita (Brama) Brill ' 25 70 Butterfish (greenbone) 1,572 4,794 Conger-eel.. *153 110 1 1 "l54 ill 169 121 Cream-fish 289 202 Elephant-fish ' '34 "60 ' 34 "60 4,701 9,815 Flounders 18,581 64,773 Frost-fish 7 8 7 8 11 11 68 Garfish 4 12 4 12 20 Gurnard 340 403 4 "l5 344 418 22,239 22,424 Hake 1,279 4,605 2 5 1,281 4,610 2,452 7,712 Hapuku (groper) 29,487 97,748 81 252 29,568 98,000 32,771 108,234 Herrings 1,397 1,149 John-dory 7 5 7 " 5 826 1,252 Kahawai 208 206 208 206 1,220 1,131 Kingfish 192 302 ' 10 *16 202 318 229 359 Ling 6,937 15,797 110 229 7,047 16,026 12,060 25,213 Mackerel 172 118 Maomao .. 10 10 Moki 4 5 4 5 2,401 4,084 Mullet 2,240 3,541 Parori ... 6 4 6 4 80 69 Perch 22 14 22 14 32 21 Pioki 749 1,070 749 1,070 3,502 4,677 Red cod 211 355 1 3 212 358 4,654 4,784 Sardine 896 1,046 Shark *909 '839 909 '839 1,476 1,610 Skate 2 2 2 2 10 11 Snapper 15,957 29,761 809 1,383 16,766 31,144 148,828 234,224 Sole 23,911 73,481 Swordflsh (marlin) .. *379 391 379 *391 379 391 Tarakihi 495 789 6 "20 501 809 93,251 163,508 Trevally 109 107 . » 109 107 9,326 7,846 Trumpeter 16 41 16 41 381 1,064 Tuna 40 36 Warehou ' *14 "26 "l4 "26 405 802 Whiptail 2 3 2 3 344 244 Whiting Mixed flat fish 1^449 4,605 Mixed round fish and all fish not specified M80 1,911 29 "41 1 j 509 1,' 952 7,949 6,580 Totals 101,379 230,712 1,117 2,150 102,496 I 232,862 446,265 838,334

H—ls

Table IV—Showing Approximately the Quantities of Different Kinds of Fish Landed at Certain Ports During the Year Ended 31st December, 1948

43

— Mangonui. Whangaroa. j Whangarei. Auckland. Thames. Coromandel. Mercury Bay. Whangamata. Waihi Beach. Tauranga and District. Whakatane. Ohiwa Harbour, Opotiki, and Cape Runaway. e A 1 2 2 5 Napier. Castlepoint. Wellington. Makara. Paremata. Barracouta Blue cod Bonita (Brama) Brill Butterflsh Conger-eel Cream-fish Elephant-fish Flounder Frost-fish Garfish Gurnard Hake Hapuku (groper) .. Herring John-dory Kahawai Kingfish Ling Mackerel Maomao Moki Mullet .. Parore Perch Pioke Bed cod Sardine Shark Skate Snapper Sole Swordfish Tarakihi Trevally Trumpeter Tuna Warehou Whiptail Whiting .. Mixed flat fish Mixed round and unspecified fish Totals .. Cwt. 16 4 io 232 *68 4 358 42 ' 'l 2 1,040 ' 5 611 iio 2,533 Cwt. 1 10 *22 55 ' 2 31 1 'is 1 686 ' 4 1 is Cwt '24 283 ' 6 3io 1,129 22 50 ' '9 ii4 20 i7 5 1,928 i9 5 130 Cwt. "5 41 ' 2 2 129 ' 1 "l 17 ' 'l 102 iii 3,058 1 'l3 601 '48 Cwt. 858 51 289 396 4 11 5,139 8 737 2 361 2 13 374 2 525 51 563 110,911 1 17,031 4,631 *40 "3 763 Cwt. ' 6 4,849 2,057 17 9 4 4i9 10 15 279 - 1 "i4 8,730 600 '95 Cwt. "l ' '2 241 ii3 "1 Cwt. 25 5 68 ' 'l 1 ii5 'ii 775 "4 Cwt. "2 'is ' 4 206 '28 "2 Cwt. ' 1 '85 ii2 "i2 Cwt. 3 4 *13 1 'is i27 333 20 495 52 ' '3 ' '7 ' '9 4,426 368 5,226 2,479 1.79 Cwt. ' '6 '43 36 '99 1 ' 1 416 ii '23 "1 Cwt. 5 "85 7 3 13 ' '24 1 6 ' 12 5 • " 8 380 "23 18 "l5 Cwt. i9 206 i,ii7 1 857 424 '22 429 62 9 555 283 8,907 ' 1 368 Cwt. 355 "3 284 3,596 13 1,481 '29 293 1 "2 224 886 19,955 i32 Cwt. ' '6 "7 ' '2 io4 "2 ' 1 ' *6 ' 1 "i2 Cwt. 634 114 236 72 ' *8 17 7 270 1,355 8,075 ' 6 38 3,124 92 ei4 457 333 34 8 257 6 23,423 177 3 *33 24 700 Cwt. 2 8 235 18 21 "4 20 ' 1 ' 1 ' 9 'i5 16 1 320 "6 \ Cwt. 5 '72 2 16* 38 '' 0 5 1,780 2 in ' 6 'is '34 '41 17 2 *41 51 844 4, 071 4,163 142,766 17,105 358 1,005 259 210 13,763 637 605 13,260 7,254 141 40,117 677 2,144

H—ls

Table IV—Showing Approximately the Quantities of Different Kinds of Fish Landed at Certain Ports During the Year Ended 31st December, 1948— continued

44

g . : . 1 . 1 M m rt • rO *3 O ® 3 rj -2 Is j~S CJO-SvW CJ c$ c8 PJ 2 — 11 IS I I 1 i $ I ! 1 d 1* i 3 § 1 s g t! a t f *!> f -a ft | s 1 | It ! | i -Si 1 a II ! £ *» all d a w w w s i S 3 1 * Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Owt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Owt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Barracouta .. .. .. .. .. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 15 10 31 .. 3 Blue cod .. 11 .. 10 15 413 251 7 3 4 2 490 Bonita (Brama) Brill .. Butterfish .. 152 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 260 123 10 78 13 5 Conger-eel .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 4 24 .. 1 1 2 .. .. Cream-fish Elephant-fish .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 .. .. 8 1,016 482 .. 2,938 Flounder .. .. 91 3 .. .. 250 164 339 1,992 42 370 25 157 1 436 410 2,810 3,486 Frost-fish Garfish .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 Gurnard.. .. 3 10 1 211 .. 2 .. 83 2 18 895 759 2,244 Hake .. 5 3 7 .. 17 279 153 .. 110 3 Hapuku (groper) .. 88 30 1 27 369 11 6 .. .. 385 2,516 43 1,182 375 1,109 .. 3,416 2,851 Herring .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 ■ .. .. .. .. John-dory .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Kahawai .. 1 7 .. 6 4 .. 4 2 1 Kingfish .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 7 .. 1 Ling .. 5 1 5 13 122 1,538 1,539 989 .. 3,459 37 Mackerel .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 80 Maomao.. Moki .. 36 18 472 8 90 45 :. 3 Mullet .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 557 464 Parore Pioke !! '.! !! " !! 'si "i9 "2 '21 "e !! '34 "i3 " "1 304 "s 67 !! Bed cod.. .. .. .. .. 10 .. .. 1 2 .. .. 1 .. 98 16 659 341 .. 1,535 1 Sardine .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 896 Shark .. .. .. 7 .. .. 14 .. 3 .. 190 .. 239 170 17 Skate Snapper.. .. 243 134 28 305 2,326 196 455 173 314 17 336 42 6 21 4 50 Sole .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 .. .. .. .. .. 149 3 182 57 543 994 .. 2,357 Swordfish Tarakihi.. .. 3 1 1 .. 181 .. .. .. 1 .. 17 2 06 150 6,101 1,274 .. 341 1 Trevally .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 .. 4 .. 30 .. .. .. .. 2 9 Trumpeter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 1 364 Tuna Warehou .. 4 Whiptail .. Whiting .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... Mixed flat fish .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 1 209 .. 81 92 .. 447 6 Mixed round and un- 1 1 .. .. 3 2 11 17 27 18 81 56 113 66 151 84 .. 203 specified fish Totals .. 506 . 281 34 363 3,255 491 646 902 3,088 574 3,353 3,267 1,575 3,171 12,520 7,159 2,810 20,661 3,3.89 -

H—ls

Table IV—Showing Approximately the Quantities of Different Kinds of Fish Landed at Certain Ports During the Year Ended 31st December, 1948— continued

45

«5 Port Chalmers and Dunedin. .d 1 ■a 9 • -g <3 1 tj a a A "§ ■e <3 W 1 (U ■d a 2 Moeraki Karitan » 1 H 'S Is '5 £ cS > 5 Bluff. Stewart Is! Riverto: Hokitik 0 1 a i 5 2 6 Motueki Nelson. A 0 | s f Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. ' Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. Barracouta 2 177 11,262 32 10 28 Blue cod 617 242 178 152 ii3 734 4,263 10,849 574 "l *39 ii 36 11 968 12,265 Bonita (Brama) Brill .. "i4 "7 ' 4 Butterfish 154 iii ' 1 ' '4 '57 Conger-eel 43 Cream-flsh Elephant-fish 21 i42 31 ' 1 Flounder *22 766 283 '29 "i5 55 "l 142 "1 71 352 4 Frost-fish Garfish Gurnard "l 368 "l '38 '24 *29 606 293 "2 987 3,278 i6 Hake 434 3 34 Hapuku (groper) 846 ii9 1,124 390 362 475 287 737 *69 606 '99 '31 '22 *91 624 225 Herring ., John-dory "e 12 • ■ • ' 1 ' 1 7 ' 3 Kahawai 1 4 16 Kingfish Ling 'io "l5 1,081 "l '25 io 40 ' 6 "l ' 1 Mackerel Maomao Moki '42 "3 277 '24 "i9 Mullet .. Parore Perch "i4 '11 "l "6 Pioke 562 73 350 468 i9 Bed cod ' '5 1,304 5 'is "3 ' 2 55 37 40 3 Sardine Shark ' 1 ii Skate ' '2 Snapper ' '4 41 ioo iis 3,319 6,530 i93 Sole '12 33 9,652 i83 2,994 2,931 267 1,244 . 676 33 384 16 Swordfish Tarakihi ' '1 8,476 ' '1 ' *3 7ii i,io8 '34 Trevally , .. iii Trumpeter Tuna "l ' 'l Warehou 7 Whiptail 320 Whiting Mixed fiat fish 74 248 'io 256 ii Mixed round and unspecified Vi 2,508 6 i51 667 1,019 '31 5 16 '37 fish Totals .. 1,580 589 38,460 732 4,091 4,214 15 5,244 12,394 647 1 3,818 2,368 190 6,050 11,314 2,111 12,490

H—ls

Table V—Showing Total Quantities of Wet Fish Landed at Each of the Chief Fishing Ports Each Month of the Year 1948

46

£ s ■P S3 •§ S3 ■§ 83 Port or District. a t? s u ■§ l=< •§ a » ! >> 1 § 3' 3 1 3 <s 1 §« as 3 "§ O a £ i§ 1 o ft Totals. North Island Mangonui and district.. Whangaroa Russell Whangarei Auckland Thames district Coromandel .. Mercury Bay Whangamata Waihi Beach Tauranga and district "Whakatane Ohiwa Harbour, Opotiki, and Cape Runaway Gisborne Napier Castlepoint Welington .. Makara Paremata Paraparaumu Beach .. Manawatu Heads Tangimoana Wanganui .. New Plymouth Kawhia Raglan Manukau Harbour .. Kaipara Hokianga Cwt. 100 51 331 251 9,005 1,336 1 201 19 39 1,083 76 11 806 1,375 12 3,648 16 128 41 18 4 2 266 49 39 92 293 63 Cwt. 155 52 349 235 10,041 1,543 10 166 8 42 1,071 79 72 541 2,183 9 3,714 47 143 14 . 25 1 6 256 38 7 75 435 64 Cwt. 251 78 397 147 9,966 1,144 26 290 13 32 1,597 18 52 765 ■ 2,216 13 3,770 48 180 74 17 5 • 28 191 51 23 69 336 20 Cwt. 317 121 392 713 9,001 1,796 25 96 17 1,313 15 38 706 635 9 3,649 69 320 34 27 6 61 281 26 53 83 276 16 Cwt. 316 107 255 415 9,841 1,169 22 72 23 9 1,678 6 37 1,093 910 7 2,940 33 258 12 14 1 21 196 29 32 68 147 4 Cwt. 366 100 350 238 11,116 984 21 150 36 4 1,464 7 36 891 2,244 10 4,375 253 524 41 44 1 51 379 29 43 71 211 25 Cwt. 324 66 319 412 11,992 1,481 9 14 21 3 1,444 9 37 1,173 2,572 1 4,195 112 140 36 33 1 35 217 25 15 38 154 43 Cwt. 129 58 402 266 15,583 1,439 31 6 16 12 968 65 54 1,492 3,508 1 1,761 53 69 77 20 2 22 293 45 48 94 220 51 Cwt. 141 31 407 320 14,712 1,986 27 "10 5 741 47 53 1,729 3,487 1 2,265 20 10 27 20 1 21 227 17 45 57 184 74 Cwt. 158 59 301 301 14,178 1,893 14 ' 18 4 652 102 37 1,362 2,760 10 3,326 2 30 44 18 2 5 149 23 54 39 196 81 Cwt. 155 53 299 494 16,010 1,310 63 4 39 12 807 149 91 1,333 2,860 20 4,033 19 254 57 23 2 33 375 92 135 108 276 54 Cwt. 121 68 .269 371 11,321 1,024 109 6 49 31 945 64 87 1,369 2,504 48 2,441 5 88 49 22 8 78 425 67 152 108 360 79 Cwt. 2,533 844 4,071 4,163 142,766 17,105 358 1,005 259 210 13,763 637 605 13,260 27,254 141 40,117 677 2,144 506 281 34 363 3,255 491 646 902 3,088 574 South Island Havelock Picton Blenheim (Wairau) Kaikoura Lyttelton Akaroa Lake Ellesmere Timaru Oamaru Moeraki Karitane Port Chalmers Taieri Mouth Nuggets district Waikawa Invercargill Bluff Stewart Island Riverton district Hokitika Greymouth Westport Golden Bay Motueka Nelson French Pass Chatham Islands 117 308 188 172 307 310 158 1,264 177 99 79 2; 424 16 707 228 '406 573 73 1 268 103 11 363 579 181 155 348 212 251 1,054 694 109 1,882 443 141 102 4,392 37 625 348 '496 1,729 113 457 333 19 323 436 242 1,645 161 215 95 252 926 765 110 1,485 421 172 159 4,997 103 457 300 3 267 1,213 79 '225 164 . 27 503 631 110 1,613 307 263 156 254 1,404 800 175 2,071 490 146 61 2,972 56 183 265 8 487 1,519 64 *659 234 22 513 1,015 208 249 311 133 245 831 637 66 1,904 299 104 40 3,295 51 217 384 3 656 1,417 41 *269 209 28 534 1,060 130 1,375 398 520 42 280 1,350 1 694 155 2,418 232 121 10 3,207 53 151 340 1 639 2,134 16 '296 188 22 713 1,152 358 471 259 316 65 226 804 430 119 1,971 130 58 21 61 227 '642 2,057 98 *391 208 6 523 740 112 1,097 223 168 48 131 977 462 84 1,545 178 113 1 1,332 7 227 283 652 1,260 71 340 195 7 496 1,039 244 1,673 159 147 80 305 1,129 579 221 1,483 147 87 4 2,507 49 242 471 187 .178 20 185 280 '363 1,243 168 1,573 120 170 210 410 1,607 544 341 1,339 184 208 38 2,764 100 213 392 'i61 254 22 127 92 1 209 892 70 1,705 405 294 129 298 1,377 685 772 1,708 402 237 43 5,627 107 631 738 '489 60 24 434 229 26 700 1,696 201 1,242 800 207 217 347 754 559 500 1,591 286 94 52 3,176 132 377 238 'i62 ' '26 167 133 21 810 831 87 96 3,353 3,267 1,575 3,171 12,520 7,159 2,810 20,661 3,389 1,580 589 38,460 732 4,091 4,214 15 5,244 12,394 647 1 3,818 2,368 190 6,050 11,314 2,111 12,490 Totals 28,468 37,967 37,270 34,434 34,203 40,025 37,249 38,541 38,472 37,991 47,714 33,931 446,265

H—ls

Table VI —Showing Quantities of the Main Species of Fish Landed at the Chief Fishing Ports in Each Month of the Year Ended 31st December, 1948

47

— £? ce S3 >> s a 1 l i tA 0! a ai a £ i-s =3 60 P ,Q 1 TO 1 O a <u 0 & 65 A I 1 ft Totals. Auckland Flounder Gurnard Snapper Tarakihi Trevally Cwt. 85 298 7,178 953 154 6 2 Owt. 80 435 ,381 ,649 196 Cwt. 36 493 7,579 1,059 349 Cwt. 13 514 7,593 458 165 Cwt. 21 527 7,822 795 191 Cwt. 4 637 8,478 1,286 368 Cwt. 3 346 9,495 1,166 642 Cwt. 12 373 12,903 1,350 634 Cwt. 16 309 11,365 2,120 497 Cwt. 23 340 12,269 747 438 Cwt. 50 444 12,297 2,183 521 Cwt. 53 425 7,552 2,265 475 Cwt. 396 5,141 110,912 17,031 4,630 Thames Flounder Gurnard Snapper Trevally 1,028 38 223 10 1 ,040 44 415 22 606 98 359 52 581 288 645 207 127 324 597 60 176 173 582 5 59 236 1,101 4 1 12 211 ,077 24 1 77 234 ,499 75 71 237 1,248 138 306 125 820 766 54 165 3 4,849 2,057 8,731 600 Tauranga Kahawai Snapper Tarakihi .. Trevally 48 272 438 241 65 300 149 348 84 393 416 422 78 382 510 268 69 548 664 284 52 513 470 368 43 448 575 293 16 366 412 137 12 399 256 42 8 210 357 21 13 238 472 30 8 358 507 25 496 4,427 5,226 2,479 Gisborne Gurnard Tarakihi 38 538 29 385 70 500 154 413 63 808 38 613 11 871 1 101 ,006 1 124 ,241 207 852 108 865 174 815 1,117 8,907 Napier Gurnard Hapuka Sole Tarakihi 351 38 162 754 1 370 28 146 ,400 310 31 84 1,461 278 24 23 241 127 117 9 618 82 160 3 1,922 75 240 1 2,211 3 213 218 4 ,021 2 257 202 34 ,939 586 117 148 1,687 498 143 158 1,976 449 163 114 1,726 3,596 1,481 886 19,956 Wellington Hake Hapuka Ling Tarakihi 88 663 74 2,536 2 : 110 678 127 ,415 121 456 95 2,803 28 275 307 2,701 18 216 404 1,898 43 824 731 2,230 45 1,306 407 2,004 1 22 ,147 382 86 1 20 553 264 ,189 764 697 52 1,223 61 802 170 2,631 36 457 111 1,700 1,356 8,074 3,124 23,416 Picton Barracouta Blue cod Hapuka ♦Sardine *38 212 30 286 '26 154 "8 143 '40 216 1 18 457 18 276 "4 111 is 84 io 150 "9 265 216 35 162 680 1 251 2,516 896 Lyttelton Elephant-fish Gurnard Ling Tarakihi 40 15 26 11 77 148 73 39 92 109 267 126 61 48 140 890 23 24 103 572 25 10 120 841 4 12 69 587 77 94 90 597 80 108 61 697 230 225 87 758 210 60 194 681 97 42 101 303 1,016 895 1,331 6,102 Timaru Elephant-fish Flounder Gurnard Hapuka Ling Sole 184 230 38 195 115 113 87 461 140 392 166 197 65 144 166 273 306 221 165 298 247 460 394 144 314 159 131 382 620 132 132 229 248 242 881 326 113 495 298 114 263 481 389 385 293 44 110 253 408 342 348 5 47 248 300 339 160 271 77 111 308 280 115 627 184 90 291 124 60 411 296 41 2,756 3,486 2,244 3,416 3,459 2,357 Port Chalmers Barracouta Flounder Hapuka Bed cod Sole 1,044 138 68 198 826 2 1 ,524 74 60 203 ,014 2,405 39 202 65 961 618 40 131 113 656 353 41 226 170 902 815 64 100 206 571 143 58 37 145 235 69 54 30 20 383 103 56 18 35 716 430 87 56 40 861 1,974 30 117 47 1,619 784 85 80 61 908 11,262 766 1,125 1,303 9,652 Stewart Island Blue cod Hapuka 518 29 1 ,408 157 1,005 115 1,309 120 1,238 123 1,891 124 1,924 43 1 ,239 12 153 9 114 4 50 1 10,849 737 Nelson Flounder Gurnard Snapper 6 50 370 6 78 310 5 80 513 7 150 813 14 219 729 20 248 720 30 228 383 47 580 303 88 649 405 47 339 442 | 57 549 938 24 108 604 351 3,278 6,530 * Taken in Pelorils Sound.

H—ls

Table VII —Showing the Number of Sacks and Value of the Oysters Obtained in the Dominion During the Year Ended 31st December, 1948

Table VIII —Showing the Total Quantity and Value of Fish, Crayfish, and Shell-fish Imported into and Exported from New Zealand During the Year Ended 31st December, 1948 Fish Imported

Crayfish and Shell-fish Exported

48

Locality. Quantity. Value. Dredge Oysters « i Sacks. 1 I £(N.Z-.) Foveaux Strait .. .. .. 94,444 79,097 Rock Oysters Bay of Islands 2,242 Whangarei Harbour 226 Coromandel 368 Great Barrier Island 240 9,945 Kaipara Harbour 1,027 Manukau Harbour 54 Hauraki Gulf (see text for detail) 1,536 - Total Grand total 5,693 100,137 89,042

Kind of Fish. Quantity. Value. Anchovie—salted 1 cwt. £ 71 Fish —fresh, smoked, or dried .. Herring (canned) 1,197 cwt. 13,719 1,002,9571b. 79,890 Salmon (canned) ... 1,579,141 lb. 106,829 Sardines, bristling, and sild (canned) 997,048 lb. 171,681 Other kinds (canned) 782,493 lb. 68,621 Total 440,811

Kind of Fish. Quantity. Value. Crayfish, including crayfish tails 3,731 cwt. £ 44,466 Oysters 1,020 doz. 30 Mussels 75 cwt. 531 Total .. .. .. 45,027

H—ls

Fish Exported—Frozen

Fish Exported —Smoked

Fish Exported—Dried, Pickled, or Salted

49

Kind of Fish. Quantity. Value. Barracouta .. .. 1,230 cwt. £ 4,307 Blue cod .. .. 16,838 cwt. 105,642 Butterfish .. 56 cwt. 236 Brill .. .. .. 40 cwt. 272 Cream fish 2 cwt. 5 Elephant-fish 43 cwt. 254 Eels .. .. .. .. .! 18 cwt. 71 Flounder 1,513 cwt. 9,379 Gurnard 1,555 cwt. 9,145 Hake .. .. .. 187 cwt. 865 Hapuku 2,814 cwt. 19,112 John-dory 156 cwt. 1,034 Kahawai 15 cwt. 67 Ling 1,671 cwt. 6,513 Moki 140 cwt. 680 Mullet 3 cwt. 16 Perch 85 cwt. 230 Red cod 569 cwt. 5,506 Skate 5 cwt. 24 Snapper 7,414 cwt. 51,572 Sole .. 8,436 cwt. 51,059 Tarakihi 8,160 cwt. 55,468 Trevally 339 cwt. 1,886 Trumpeter 4 cwt. 27 Warehou 2 cwt. 9 White fillets 2,227 cwt. 12,305 Mixed flat fish 239 cwt. 1,054 Mixed fish 910 cwt. 3,703 Total 54,671 cwt. 340,441

Kind of Pish. Quantity. Value. Barracouta Blue cod Hake Red cod Snapper Silver strip Tarakihi Trevally Total 391 cwt. 164 cwt. 41 cwt. 419 cwt. 277 cwt. 269 cwt. 18 cwt. 5 cwt. £ 2,288 1,578 314 2,409 1,838 1,811 205 37 1,584 cwt. 10,480

Kind of Fish. Quantity. Value. £ Includes ling, herring, anchovy 141 cwt. 939

H—ls

Fish and Shell-fish Exported—Preserved in Tins

Re-exports

50

Kind of Fish. Quantity. Value. Oysters 2,3781b. £ 244 Toheroa 6,461 lb. 499 Whitebait 266,558 lb. 52,643 Mussels 17,998 lb. 2,885 Crayfish 9,052 lb. 1,685 Clam chowder 480 lb. 26 Other kinds .. .. .. • 452,380 lb. 38,867 Totals 755,307 lb. 96,849

Kind of Fish. Quantity. Value. £ Fish, salted 364 ewt. 2,418 Fish, canned 2,8491b. 260 Total... 2,678

H—ls

Table IX—Return oF Land Engineers', Engine-drivers', and Electric-tram Drivers' Examinations Held throughout New Zealand during the Year Ended 31st March, 1949, Showing the Number or Successful and Unsuccessful Candidates

51

Place. Extra First-class Stationary Engineer. First-class Enginedriver. Second-class Enginedriver. Locomotiveand Tractionengine Driver. Locomotiveengine Driver. Tractionengine Driver. P. F. P. F. P. F. P. F. P. F. P. F. Auckland .. Christchurch Dunedin Fairlie Gisborne Greymouth Hamilton .. InvercargUl Masterton Napier Kelson New Plymouth Palmerston North Rai Valley Rawene Rotorua Teviot Timaru Wanganui Wellington Whangarei Waimate "l 21 6 2 2 11 3 "l 5 1 ' 1 2 3 ' 1 2 2 1 42 26 11 ; 1 2 12 41 17 1 3 2 39 17 1 "l "8 6 27 1 1 12 5 6 ' 1 12 2 ' 4 1 14 5 2 2 6 1 "3 3 ' 1 1 ' 1 2 1 *3 "l ' 1 3 1 ' "l "l Totals 1 52 20 259 73 8 1 6 1 7 Place. windingengine Driver. windingengine Driver. Electrictram Driver. Cable-tram Drivers. Total. "c8 0 H 3 1 O P. F. P. F. P. F. P. F. P. F. Auckland Christchurch Dunedin .. Fairlie ■Gisborne Greymouth Hamilton Invercargill Masterton .. Napier .. Nelson New Plymouth Palmerston North .. Rai Valley Rawene Rotorua Teviot Timaru Wanganui Wellington Whangarei Waimate .. .. ' 1 ' 1 "l j 68 33 21 ' 4 ' '6 "4 37 6 1 " 1 1 "6 ' '7 131 68 44 2 2 21 57 24 1 4 4 45 17 1 ' 1 1 8 11 76 1 1 25 7 6 ' 2 17 5 ' 4 2 17 5 2 "3 9 2 156 75 50 2 23 74 29 1 8 . 6 62 22 1 2 1 1 8 14 85 3 1 Totals 1 1 1 173 9 13 520 106 626

H—ls

Table X—Summary of Examinations for Certificates as Masters and Mates for the Year Ended 31st March, 1949

Table XI —Summary of Examinations of Marine Engineers for the Year Ended 31st March, 1949

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (748 copies), £172.

By Authority: R. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington. —1949.

Price Is. 3c?.]

52

W Auckland. Wellington. Totals. Total vIRSS 01 v6rClIlCftt6. Examinations P. P.P. P. P.P. P. P.P. P. P.F. P. P.P. p. P.P. Foreign-going Masters and Mates 15 12 2 10 25 15 9 40 27 2 19 88 Home-trade Masters and Mates 15 11 2 10 9 5 25 20 7 52 Master of River Steamer 4 4 5 '2 9 "6 15 Foreign-going Yaehtsmaster .. "i 1 i i 1 i 3 Home-trade Yaehtsmaster 1 i 1 Compass Deviation 2 2 2 Square-rigged Endorsement .. 1 1 1 Totals 35 23 6 12 43 25 3 15 78 48 9 27 162

Class of Certificate. Auckland. Wellington. Christchurch. Dunedin. Other Places. Totals. Grand P. P.P. E. P. P.P. F. P. P.P. E. P. P.P. E. P. E. P. P.P. E. Total. Imperial Validity 1st and 2nd Class Steam .. 1st and 2nd Class Motor .. 1st and 2nd Class Steam Endorsements 1st and 2nd Class Motor Endorsements 4 2 1 14 3 5 2 13 4 1 7 37 5 41 1 2 4 13 5 2 2 1 21 6 2 7 66 10 53 3 1 2 140 19 a 9 7 17 7 25 42 44 4 13 5 4 3 36 76 59 171 Valid in New Zealand Only 3rd Class Steam River Steam 1st and 2nd Class Coastal Motor River Oil 35 4 8 48 18 4 32 18 4 22 1 9 1 6 1 17 1 3 7 ' '2 43 4 93 6 28 - 98 53 1 9 146 6 29 107 95 22 54 23 10 7 21 7 45 4 225 63 288 Totals 102 17 29 79 42 67 14 13 12 21 4 10 45 4 261 76 122 459 •