A WORLD IN ARMS.

Sun (Christchurch), Volume I, Issue 155, 6 August 1914, Page 7

A WORLD IN ARMS.

EVE OF MUCH BLOQDSffiD

MIGHTY FORCES PREPARED FOR CLASH BRITISH CRUISER ELUDES PURSUERS SERMAN FLEET MASSED IN THE NORTH SEA BELGIANS STOUTLY RESIST INVASION A state of war exists between Great Britain and Germany, as the result of the latter's violation of Belgium's neutrality by invasion; in order to facilitate the passage of her troops to the French frontier. It is also reported that the Germans have crossed the French frontier at several places, and that, at different points, the Russian forces have entered Germany. -- ■■•. ... An engagement is reported in Servia, some .50 miles south of Belgrade, while it is also stated that the Montenegrin artillery is bom* harding an Austrian frontier town. ' Great enthusiasm prevailed in Wellington when the declaration of war was made known, and Parliament has decided on the provision of an expeditionary force .of 7000 men. In the Dominion of Canada and" throughout the Commonwealth of Australia active preparations are being made to assist the Motherland. Later cables contain the text of communications between the Kaiser and the Tsar prior to the actual outbreak of hostilities. * The British cruiser Pathfinder successfully eluded a number of pursuing German warships. It is reported from the Far Bast that the Germans are very active at Kiao-chau, and pursued a Norwegian steamer laden with food supplies. They also detained a British steamer. .£ It is reported that the German Baltic fleet is massing in the North ' Sea. . : ' ■'.".'••'- The Belgians are offering a stout resistance to the German invasion. -..-.■•■--....,..,.

BRITAIN AND GERMANY. A STATE OF WAR. COMMAND OP HOME FLEETS. | LONDON, August 4. •■.[ A state of war exists between Great J Britain ami Germany. Vice-Admiral Sir J. R. Jellicoe has assumed command of the Home fleets. Bear-Admiral C. E. Madden is Chief of Staff. The proclamation mobilising the Army was road at the Royal Exchange amid great enthusiasm. The streets adjoining the Atlantic shipping offices in the "West End are packed with Americans, franticallyanxious to return home. Fabulous pices are offered for berths. MASSED IN NORTH SEA. GERMAN BALTIC FLEET. APPREHENSION IN DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, August 5. Part of the German Baltic Fleet has passed the Kiel Canal, and is now massed in the North Sea off Jutland. Denmark fears that her territory will be made the cockpit of war, and is making every effort to preserve her neutrality. BELGIANS' STOUT RESISTANCE. ) THE GERMAN INVASION.* ACTIVITY OF AIRSHIPS. (Received August 6, 10.10 a.m.) BRUSSELS, August 5. 'Belgium is offering unexpected resistance. There is heavy fighting against the German advance along the River Meuse. three Herman dirigibles are over Brussels. The district military authorities an- . that aviators from Liege explored the regions which were stated to he invested, but found no trace of M'e invaders. THE HAGUE, August 5. fl 'e German Minister has given a positive assurance that Germany will; res Pect the Netherlands neutrality, pro-! Vided it is strictly observed. GERMANY'S ULTIMATUM. PROMISE OR THREAT. A N AMBASSADOR'S STATEMENT. ~ '•'•(Received August 6, 8.55 a.m.) . LONDON, August 4. _ Germany's ultimatum promised Bel-. t e lUl », if her wishes were granted, to lai "tahi the independence of Belgium- ■ a,ld 'ler possessions. ne "Daily Mail" sees in this an ">phed threat to seize the Congo in event of refusal. - rinoe Lichowsky (German Ambas0r in London) has been authorised I statethat the German invasion of i- * : ■■

France is incorrect. He is informed, on j the contrary, that French troops crossed into Germany. * BOMBARDMENT OF BELGRADE. MANY KILLED AND WOUNDED.; TREMENDOUS DAMAGE DONE, j Router's correspondent at Nish states that the official bombardment of! Belgrade continues, and much damage ! to public and private buildings has, been I done, ihehiding the Foreign Legations, j , Many were killed and wounded, and there was no time for the women, and children to evacuate, the city. t - | Servia protests against Austrians not ; respecting international law. •>- ! KITCHENER CALLED BACK. GERMANY'S WAR THEORY. PLANS MADE YEARS AGO. Lord Kitchener embarked for Calais on a steamer, but was recalled by a telegram, and returned to London. The "Chronicle" says Germany's theory of war is to make plans years ahead, and nothing is left for impro- j yisation. Probably the plan of crossing Belgium was made years ago,_'.'when ! Anglo-German hostility was an axiom.! A SPY CAPTURED. __ \ STRUGGLE AT WIRELESS STATION BRITISH SOLDIER WOUNDED, j LONDON, August 4. All private wireless stations, except! those engaged in the public, business, are to be closed. A proclamation lias been issued authorising the requisition of merchantmen for naval purposes. ■ , .. i There have been impressive scenes at all; the railway stations in the United Kingdom when the Regulars and Territorials and Naval Reservists entrained for various parts. ! There was tremendous enthusiasm at Bristol. Thousands farewelled the Naval Reservists. Ah alleged foreign spy was arrested at the Admiralty wireless station near Grimsby. He is supposed to be a German officer, and in a struggle Private Filbert was bayonetted in the leg. ACTIVITY IN ENGLAND. PROHIBITORY PROCLAMATIONS. WIRELESS TO BE DISMANTLED. ."Times" and "Sydney Sun" Services. (Received August 6, 8 a.m.) LONDON,, August 5. V A proclamation has been" gazetted prohibiting the export of articles of machinery comprising warlike stores. , In response to the London Gorn Trade Association, the Government, guarantees the war risks on wheat and flour shipped and to be shipped from Atlan€i,C and Canadian porta to Britain, under existing contracts. The premiums paid by the importer are to,be charged against th,e eventual receiver.: It is : understood-that this step was taken - to ; secure sixty-four million bushels of Canadian' wheat.

A proclamation, has been issued requiring snips 'to dismantle their wireless apparatus,- and another, giving the Admiralty the right to requisition any ship for transport service. Danish and German waters are sown with submarine mines. LITTLE SWITZERLAND. j MOBILISATION COMPLETE. THE AUTHORITIES CONFIDENT. (Received August 6, 8 a.m.) BERNE, August 4. , Mobilisation is ~ complete. Every able-bodied man has been placed on military, duty. The authorities are confident that they can prevent the combatants from crossing the frontier. - 'GERMAN EMBASSIES. AMERICA TAKING CHARGE. SUGGESTION FROM BANKERS. (Received August 6, 8 a.m.) ■ WASHINGTON, August 5. The Government has agreed to take charge of the German Embassies in any countries with which Germany is at war, provided* that such action does not prevent a similar" action, if asked by another country.

NEW YORK, August 5. Bankers suggest that £20,000,000 in gold deposited in London would facilitate trade between Britain and American savings banks. They announce that sixty days' notice will be required before "withdrawals can be made.

KAISER AND TSAR. PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS. MEDIATION AND MOBILISATION. (Received August 6, 8..'i0 a.m.) BERLIN, August 5. A White Book, which has been issued, refers to the last stages of the negotiations by the Government. It states: — "We worked shoulder to shoulder with England in regard to mediation, and to Vienna we forwarded the-British proposal that, as Austria ought, after the invasion of Servia, to dictate her conditions there. We had been assured that Russia would accept this basis, yet, while efforts for mediation were being supported by British diplomacy, there came constantly the increasing news of Russia's mobilisation. This was in full progress, though it was repeatedly, and solemnly, denied."

The Kaiser called the Tsar's attention to the menacing character of Russia's action, and to this the Tsar replied: —

WAR NEWS COMING TO HAND AFTER THIS PAGE IS MADE UP, WILL BE FOUND ON PAGE 10.

NORWEGIAN SHIP PURSUED. BRITISH* VESSEL DETAINED. (Received August 6, 8.30 a.m.) TIENTSIN, August 5. • A German cruiser is pursuing the Norwegian steamer Tungus, which is conveying foodstuffs to Vladivostoek. The Germans have detained the British steamer Ning-po at Thing-too, Kaio-chau. WIRELESS ACTIVITY.

GERMAN v. BRITISH. ATTEMPTS TO DROWN MESSAGES. (Received August 6, 8 a.m.) DURBAN, August 5: The German wireless station at Swakopmind is sending messages for the purpose of drowning messages from the British stations. The German steamers in African ports will not return to Europe, but will proceed to South. America. "A BREAKER OF TREATIES."

AUSTRALIAN PRESS ON GERMANY

BRITAIN'S JUST QUARREL,

(Received August 6, 10.15 a.m.) SYDNEY; August 6. The ''Herald," in a leader on the

war, says:— Germany stands before the world discredited —a breaker of treaties, an assailant of weaker nations. This has given Britain a dominant position at the very beginning of hostilities. She is thrice armed with a just quarrel. She has gathered her Empire with such solid array that each part will give, and suffer, to the last; and she has vindicated every step taken in a path which is threatened to run with blood before the end is reached. It remains for us to possess our souls in patience while making the necessary contributions. The "Telegraph" declares: — Up to the verge of disloyalty to her partners in the Triple Entente, Britain went before resorting to the grim arbitrament of the sword. At that point the limit of forbearance was reached, and when it came to the direct question of standing by our allies there was only one thinkable course, and the-declaration of war followed without further hesitation. The "Telegraph" charges Germany with a deliberately calculated rupture with England. The superintendent of the P. & O. Co. says the company intend to maintain the mail service, if possible, and only circumstances absolutely beyond the control of the company will be allowed to interfere. The Orient Company intend, unless developments interfere, to despatch vessels to the timetable. The Orsova left Melbourne yesterday to schedule time.

MARRIED ON BOARD. A seaman aboard the. warship Australia had arranged a marriage, and as shore leave was not allowed, his fiancee and the officiating minister tame aboard, and the latter performed the ceremony. EFFECTS OF WAR. Already the effects of the war are being felt in the labour market. A number of firms are reducing their hands. A - regrettable incident occurred aboard the steamer Germania. Several men boarded her and hauled down, trampled on, and cut up the German flag. As a result of the incident a police patrol has been provided for all German vessels at the various ports.

"L thank thee from the bottom of my heart for thy mediation, which leaves a gleain of hope, and even now the act may end peacefully. It is technically impossible to discontinue military operations, owing to Austria's mob- " ilisation, but my troops will not take any provocative action, while the negotiations continue. I give thee my word." The Kaiser replied: — e { ' The mobilisation has rendered mediation nearly illusory, but I have continued the negotiations. What I now learn from a trust-

POLITICAL FORCES JOIN. AGREEMENT IN AUSTRALIA. OPPOSITION'S LOYAL SUPPORT. Mr W. M. Hughes suggests the speedy constitution of Parliament without awaiting the elections, by withdrawing the candidates opposing the sitting members, or that Parliament should be resuscitated by withdrawing the proclamation of dissolution. A proclamation has called out the Naval Reserves. J'n the Assembly, Mr Holman said that owing to the war crisis the Government proposed not to proceed with its contentious programme, and to deal ouiy with business arising out of the state of war, securing the public safety and well-being. • '.„'.. In conjunction with the Leader of the Opposition, the Government intended to discuss an amendment to the Industrial Awards Act, under circumstances which may arise, and asked the co-operation of all parts of the House. Mr Wade pledged the loyal" support of the Opposition in making the Government's Way. smooth. The speeches of the leaders punctuated by much cheering, ' .and - subsequently, after consultation between the Government and Mr Wade; a Bill was

~ worthy source compels me to take * retaliatorj' measures, but it still lies in thy power to avert a world calamity. * Russia could well wait the result of my mediation.". PANIC IN THE FAR EAST. ABSOLUTE PARALYSIS PREVAILS. GERMANS AT KIAO-CHAU. (Received August 6, 8 a.m.) • . HONG,KONG, August 5. Panic prevails at K.iao;chau. German shipping and German reservists are concentrating there, and the wireless station is sending urgent messages.*l Absolute paralysis prevails throughout the Far East; Local troubles are feared. . [Kiao-ehauls a town in the peninsula of Shantung-China, a German protectorate and live miles from the Bay of Kiao-chau. Surrounding- the bay and the protectorate is a neutral zone, limited by a line drawn- 30 miles from high water mark.]

introduced to provide an amended Arbitration Aet to meet the situation created by the war.. The Executive of the Political Labour T/eague has agreed to the withdrawal of the candidate for the Parramatta seat to relieve the Hon. Joseph Cook of the necessity of contesting the election at the present juncture.

RUSH OF VOLUNTEERS. A BRIGADE OF INFANTRY. BANK PRESSURE RELIEVED. (Received August 6 y 11.40 a.m.) SYDNEY, August 6. There is a great rush of volunteers for the proposed expeditionary force. Thousands are offerings in all parts of the Commonwealth. As an expeditionary measure a complete brigade of infantry is being mobilised to act as a mobile reserve to support the Sydney Coast Defences. A general mobilisation is not anticipated at present, at any rate. An ex-gunner named Bellchambers visited the barracks, and on hearing that war had been declared, dropped dead from heart failure. The censors are using every possible means to minimise the effect of the censorship. Additional officers have been appointed. Every port-along the coast is fully manned..The council of the Rifle Association has offered the military authorities their, services for training the volunteers of the expeditionary force in the use of the rifle.

The pressure cm the Government Savings Bank has practically disappeared,' and the banking business is generally about normal. The Musicians' Union offered the Government two thousand trained men for defence purposes within Australia.

AFTER THE WAR. LONG DAYS OF PEACE. N.S.W. GOVERNOR'S SPEECH. Sir Gerald Strickland, the State Governor, during his speech at a banquet to the High Court Judges, said:—"lt is no secret that the Power with which we are at war has been seeking domination by. aggression for years. The incidents of the past few days' seem to combine to give sure relief to the Powers which were seeking the development of their interests and the progress 1 of their commerce by fair means, as against a Power which sought advancement by the aid of the iron mailed fist, and with no consideration for international law or any other law.'-' After a reference to the solidity of the Empire, the Governor added that he looked .forward to this war ushering in long days of peace.

After detailing negotiations "with Germany, Sir Edward added: — -I have said enough to show that we must be prepared, and we are prepared. (Cheers lasting over a minute). "Mr Asquith and Mr Churchill have no doubt of the readiness and efficiency of the forces. There is only one way in which Great Britain can make certain of keeping outside the war. That would be the issue immediately of a proclamation of unconditional neutrality. We cannot do that, If we stand aside, we sacrifice our respect and our good name .throughout the world. We are going to suffer terribly in this war. Our foreign trade is going to stop, not because the routes are closed, but because no trade can be concluded. Jf the. situation developed, as it seemed probable it Mill develop, we Avill face it. I believe that when the country realises what is at stake, it will support the Government with determination, resolution, and endurance." (Loud cheers).

THE NATIONALIST LEADER. IRELAND'S CHANGED ATTITUDE. LABOUR SUPPORTS GOVERNMENT. Mr Redmond, the Nationalist Leader, said that in times past, when the Empire had been engaged in terrible enterprises, the sympathy of Nationalists in Ireland had been estranged, but recent years had altered the situation. Wider knowledge of Irish history had altered the view of the British democracy towards Ireland. He honestly believed that the Irish democracy would turn with the utmost anxiety and sympathy to Great Britain in every trial and danger. Possibly the history of 1778 would be repeated, when a hundred thousand volunteers sprang into existence to defend Ireland from invasion.

Mr Ramsay Mac-Donald (Labour) said that if the Government confined i the question to that of Belgian neutrality the Labour Party would support them. We were brought into the Crimean War because of honour; we rushed into the South African War because of honour, and Sir Edward Grey appealed to us today because of honour. FIGHTING IN SERVIA, AN ENGAGEMENT REPORTED. MONTENEGRINS BOMBARD AUSTRIAN FRONTIER, NISH, August 8. An. engagement is reported at ValjevOj fifty miles south of Belgrade.

HOSPITAL SHIP OFFERED. THE "DAUGHTERS OF CANADA." FOOD PRICES RISING. OTTAWA, August 5. 'The Canadian Order of the. Daughters of the Empire has decided to offer a hospital ship to the British' Empire. The retail prices of footstuffs have already risen throughout Canada. The Canadian Parliament has been summoned to meet on August IS. The censorship from Canada is very severe. All cables to London newspapers have been stopped lest they should give details of the Canadian preparations. VANCOUVER, August 5. Owing to the cancellation of the sailing of the Niagara, scores of Australians and New Zealanders are unable to leave Canada.

BRITISH CRUISER CHASED. ELUDES GERMAN WABSHIPS. ADMIRALTY TA-KK OVER BATTLiv SHIPS. LONDON, August 4. German warships chased the cruiser Pathfinder, which eluded her pursuers. The Government has taken the control of the railways to ensure the movement of troops, stores, and food. The Admiralty has taken over two battleships ordered by Turkey and two destroyers ordered by Chili. The former have been renamed the Agincourt and Erin, and the latter Falconer and Broke. Lady Dudley has started an Australian volunteer field hospital. Some Australians have promised liberal help, and an anonymous donor has given £2500.

It is reported that the Montenegrins are bombarding; Cattaro. the Austrian fort, on the frontier of Montenegro. BEFORE THE DECLARATION. SHOULD BRITAIN INTERVENE? LIBERA]. MfOMBRRS LOEBTFI'L. LONDON, August 4. When the House met again Sir Edward Grey announced the terms of (!orman's ultimatum to Belgium, which promised the maintenance and independence of the kingdom on the conclusion of peace, but threatened in case of refusal to treat Belgium as an enemy. Sir Edward Grey added: "I can only say the Government will take this information into grave consideration." Mr P. Morrell (Liberal), speaking amid interruptions, said Sir Edward Grey had given insufficient reasons to the House why" Britain should intervene in the war.

"WE ARE PREPARED." SIR E. GREY'S GREAT SPEECH. FORCES READY AND EFFICIENT. ' lii making his statement in the House of Commons, Sir Edward Grey spoke for 90 minutes. He declared that when he was asked if armed support would be given to France he replied that'he could promise nothing unless he received the whole-hearted support of public opinion, but he told the French and German Ambassadors that if war was forced on France, public opinion woulvi ralLy to France. "My own opinion is that if a. foreign fleet came and* "battered the' undefended coasts of Franc we eouid not stand by with arms folded dispassionately, doing nothi»g'"

Mr J. C. Wedgwood (Liberal) said Sir Edward Grey had made a wonderful jingo spe.ech. (Loud cheers and dissent). Mr Harvey (Liberal) appealed to the Government to make a supreme effort to save "terrible wreckage of human life." " Mr Keir Hardie said the House ;had unanimously passed a Bill to relieve the Stock Exchange, but had done nothing to relieve the inevitable destitution Some of the Labour members would do all they could to rouse J;he working classes into opposition to the Government's proposal.* -

Mr A. A. Ponsonby (Liberal),-Sir A. Spicer (Liberal), and Mr A. S. Rown-

tree (Liberal), made similar appeals,, asking for further negotiations with. Germany.

GERMANY'S SOLEMN PLEDGE* NEUTRALITY OF HOLLAND. A MINISTER'S EXPLANATION. Mr Asquith said that simultaneously with che telegram from Herr von Jagow tiie Government had received .1, telegram from the Belgian Foreign Minister, announcing that Belgium's territory had been violated at Gemmenich, near Aix-la-Chapelle, and penetrated still further elsewhere. Mr Asquith read a telegram from Herr von Jagow, the German Foreign Minister, in which it was stated that sincerity of the German declaration that slie would not annex Belgian territory was borne out by the fact that Germany solemnly pledged her word to Dolland to respect strictly her neutrality. "It is obvious," said Herr von Jagow, "we could not profitably annex Belgian territory without malting territorial acquisitions at Holland's expense. Mr Asquith said: "We repeat the request made last week, that Germany give us the same assurance in regard to Belgian neutrality as was given us and Belgium by France." Lord Lansdow r ne, in the House of Lords, expressed great satisfaction with Sir Edward Grey's statement, upon which a imited front might well be based. The statement's rare courage showed that in this crisis "w r e need not fear that any section of the Government is likely to jeopardise the country 's security and reputation.

GREAT DEMONSTRATION. | THOUSANDS AT THE PALACS | "SEE THE OLD COUNTEY | THROUGH." | Thousands of people made a demonsI tration outside Buckingham Palace. 1 The King, the Queen and Princess Mary j appeared on the balcony and received j an ovation. I Cabinet held a prolonged meeting j this morning and reassembled duriii£ j the dinner adjournment of the House. I The joint Board of the Labour Party I has summoned a conference for Wedi nesday to consider the formation of a I National Labour Peace Emergency Com- } mittee. The objects are to advocate [ peace and assist those suffering with food, and raise the necessary funds. A group of Liberal members met'in the House of Commons after hearing Sir Edward Grey's statement, and passed a resolution stating that in their opinion insufficient reason existed for the present intervention, and strong'y urging the Government to continue negotiations with Germany with a viewto maintaining British neutrality. Mr Will Crooks, speaking at Woolwich, urged the meeting to support the Gcnernment at all costs and see the Old j Country through. ! Since Mr Redmond's declaration there has been a significant fraternisation of Nationalist and English Unionist members.

BRITAIN'S FOOD SUPPLY. DEARTH OR DEARNESS. SUGGESTION TO TILE DOMINIONS. - It is generally believed that there is less danger of a dearth of food sup- , plies in Britain than of an artificial / inflation of prices through the public's unreasonable buying and the middlemen's greed. Mr Page Croft, M.P., iu a loiter to the " Morning Post,'' suggests that th« ' overseas Dominions could save millions from distress by prohibiting the export of foodstuffs outside the Empire and supply their British hir,smen at a good but not excessive profit. Siu-h a helpful arrangement -would lie worth many divisions of troops.

NOT TILL THE LAST. TSAR'S RESOLUTE STATEMENT. BRITISH AMBASSADOR CHEEKED. ST. PETERSBURG, August 5. The Tsar, addressing a crowd at the Palace, said he would never make peace until the enemy's last soldier had left Russian territory. Thousands demonstrated at +ke Britis.h Embassy. Sir George Buchanan, the British Ambassador, was frantically cheered for declaring that England was iti perfect sympathy with Russia. The Russian Government officially contradicts the report of the damage at Libau. The cruiser only fired a few slots, and no casualties are reported.

" THIS INSOLENT ATTACK." A STIRRING MANIFESTO. BUSSIA'S FRATERNAL SENTIMENT All day long troops leaving for the front are drawn up outside the churches, where they receive the blessings of the .clergy. The Tsar, in a manifesto, says:— Russia is related by faith and tlood to the Slav people, and has never regarded their fate with indifference, but with fraternal sentiment, which awakened with extraordinary force when Austria Addressed Servia with claims that were not acceptable by an independent State. When we took the necessary measures of precaution, Germany demanded an immediate cessation, and, being rebuffed, suddenly declared war. We believe our faithful subjects will rise with unanimity and devotion to repulse this insolent attack. ST. PETERSBURG, August 3. The churches are packed with people praying for the success of the Army. Schoolboys are offering for service as trench diggers or for similar work, devoting the wages so earned to the support of Reservists' families. A prominent Liberal organ has voluntarily ceased publication on the ground of the necessity of. a united Russia. Thousands of women are replacing men called to arms as factory workers and tramway conductors. The Grand Duke Nicholas's appointment as Commander-in-Chief is welcomed; he has contributed much to the recent military revival, and is a man of iron constitution aiid will, and a born cavalry leader. RUSSIANS IN GERMANY. THE FRONTIER CROSSED. HIGH SEA FLEET STEAMS WESTWARD. • BERLIN, August 3. Authentic reports have been received stating that the Russians have crossed the border at various points. The Russian Ambassador has receiv-CG-jris passports. Army chaplains conducted an openair service for soldiers in marching kit around the Bismarck monument. There was a huge attendance of the public, and all joined in the Lord's Prayer. The Kings of Bavaria, Saxony, and Wurtemberg have placed their armies under the Emperor as Supreme War Lord. The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and the Duke of Brunswick are taking the field. A delayed cable message, dated London, 3rd, says that it is stated on i -diplomatic authority that the German i! High Sea Fleet passed through Kiel | Canal, steaming westward. I HOLLAND MOBILISING.

If HER STRONG HAND. H MAY OPEN SLUICE. GATES. I • I AMSTERDAM, August 4? Mobilisation is progressing smoothly. The authorities have made preparations to open the sluices and sttbmerge the country west to Rotterdam and south to Utrecht.

!| CANADA'S COMPLETE DEFENCE. S MAY PURCHASE DREADNOUGHTS. Is —- fSWAVE OF PATBIOTIO ENTHUSIASM |j OTTAWA, August 4. ill Cabinet is contemplating the pur- [ S chase of three Dreadnoughts now <Jpmf|| pleting in England for foreign coun--11 tries, and presenting them to Britain. ji§§ August 5. >fl Colouel Hughes, Minister of Defence, til lias announced that Canada is in a If| state of complete defence. Batteries ' ~i& are manned, and the rivers mined. g The cruiser Rainbow is ready for acfftion, and crews are being secured for tithe cruiser Niobe. IH MONTREAL, August 5. H The steamer Victorian has sailed for 1 J| Britain laden with Reservists. i| Sir Wilfrid Laurier has agreed to lithe abolition of all party lines in ■ IfCanada, and will assist Sir R. L. Borden || to help the Mother Country with every llcent in Canada's treasury. H VANCOUVER, August 5. The Niagara has been detained, and will not sail for Auckland. Parliament has been summoned for an extraordinary session to vote war supplies. It is practically certain that Canada will purchase the Dreadnoughts mentioned. A wave of patriotic enthusiasm is sweeping over Canada, unapproached at any time in the country's history,. Bonfires were lighted in the prairie towns when the announcement of war was made. Thousands of volunteers are offering Hjtheir services daily, and patriotic assoff ciations are meeting and passing resoi|j lotions promising the Government '"fjevjery support in any action it may take f J|to "assist the Mother Country. jig Crowds of French-Canadians are par;lading Quebec and Montreal with Union I'lf Jacks and Tricolours, jcheering alter? 1 oately the King and President PoinI carp. I: The Canadian clubs, in their annual flAll-Canada Convention at Vancouver,, -Ifsftnt a message to the King assuring likim of Canada's loyalty to the last of their blood*

UNITED STATES NEUTRAL, OPINION AGAINST "SIRMANIr. HUMBUG." WASHINGTON, August 5 1 . The United State's has issued a formal proclamation of neutrality. A Bill to exclude all aliens who leave the United States for any. port in.tne field of war has been introduced. Thfe President states that the cial situation is perfectly sound. The armoured cruiser Tennessee sails immediately with a million sterling in gold, to enable Americans in Europe to meet their engagements and return home. Except in German-American circles, American opinion is. solidly against Germany. - The '' New York Times'' describes* the kaiser as a pious humbug. Forty Australians and New Zealanders at Oakland, California, have signified their desire to enrol for duty in Australasia if they are needed. The German liner Kron Prinzessin Cecilie, has returned Harbour, in Maine, the captain fearing capture. The vessel had been disguised as a British steamer, but she was informed by wireless that British warships were awaiting her. The captain refused to proceed, and extinguished all his lights. IN THE COMMONWEALTH. GERMAN VESSELS DETAINED. INDUSTRY SERIOUSLY AFFECTED. SYDNEY, August 5. Since the official declaration of war the* wheat market has been excited, with a strong disposition to realise at substantial concessions. Prices of old grain fell to 4/l£, and new to 3/11. Nearly 45,000 bags were offered, but there were no purchasers. German vessels now in port were prevented from leaving. They comprise the Sumatra, Osnabruck, Germania, Tiberius, and Athene. HOBART, August 5. The war crisis is seriously affecting the Zeehan mining operations. Owing to the closing of the metal markets, several mines have closed. A deputation asked for Government assistance by the purchase of ore for cash or bonds. The Premier strongly urged the men to continue to w'ork. He could not promise money for banquets, but he would promise bread and butter. Fifty per cent, of the assay value of the ore would be advanced. SUSPENSION OF AWARDS. N.S.W. PREMIER'S INTENTIONS. SYDNEY, August 5. A meeting of the Stock Exchange Committee adjourned without arriving at a decision. Mr Holman, the State Premier, states that he will probably authorise the Government to suspend by proclamation Wages Boards' awards, and also relieve parties to industrial agreements from some of the obligations entailed. The suspensions will not nullify the general principles of arbitration, but will permit a modified application to suit the circumstances of the times. A meeting of the Boilermakers' Society unanimously decided to suspend the pvertime clauses in various awards governing the industry, and to do everything in the members' power tp assist the naval and military authorities in the present crisis.

SENSATIONAL INCIDENT. f GERMAN STEAMER ESCAPES. FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS ATTACKED. MELBOURNE, August 5. The Premier states that under no circumstances will the Wages Boards' rates be reduced. He suggests that if necessity arises the number of working days should be reduced. The North German Lloyd steamer Pfalz escaped from Port Philip to-day. Upon arrival at the Heads she ignored the signals, and a shot was fired across her bows. She also disregarded this, and went full speed ahead. She left port without her clearance papers. A later message states that the Pfalz is returning. Excited crowds paraded the main streets until an early hour this morning. A mob of three hundred attacked the German Club on Victoria Parade, smashed windows, and lit pieces of rag representing the German flag, and stamped them to ashes. A force of police used their batons freely to drive off the mob. A crowd of three thousand gathered in Collins Street and sang patriotic songs, and mounted police were called out to maintain order. Further attempts to attack the German Club and the Vienna Cafe "were frustrated by strong police guards. THE RISKS OF WAR. IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT'S SCHEME. THE ULSTER VOLUNTEERS. LONDON, August 4. Mr Lloyd George announced that the Government had adopted, the war rials scheme o,f the sub-comhiittee of Imperial Defence to encourage ships to keep the sea and preserve the food supply. It will come into operation to-

morrow. The Council ©f the Incorporated Association of London and Irish Millers has endorsed the Government's statement that there are ample supplies of grain* and that,there is no occasion, to pay panic prices in the immediate future. ' ■■'";"' Sir Edward Carson has advised all Ulster volunteers who are liable to be called out to respond immediately, as their first duty is to the King. Several .steam yachts have, been offered to the Government for use as hospital ships. PATRIOTIC FEVER. FEELING IN LONDON. __. • SPIRIT OF RESOLUTE DETERMINATION. A meeting of American visitors stranded in London appointed a committee to render assistance. The Bank of England printers are working in 12-hour shifts producing vast quantities of £5 notes. The issue of £1 notes is regarded as impracticable. The populace is wonderfully calm and self-restrained. A spirit of resolute determination animates all classes. The cancellation of bank holiday excursions caused huge crowds to congregate in the streets, and war specials •were eagerly devoured. As it became manifest that England was entangled, patriotic fever deepened, the concourses singing patriotic songs.

'.' CLEARED FOR ACTION. FIGHTING IMMINENT. POSITION IN THE PACIFIC. SAN DIEGO (California), August 5. The British warship Shearwater haa cleared for action, and fighting is reported to be imminent. The American battleship California reports that the German cruiser Nurnberg left Honolulu, it is supposed, for Samoa or the Southern Seas. GERMANS ENTER FRANCE. PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION. ALTERATIONS IN THE MINISTRY. PARIS, August 4. It is officially announced that the Germans entered France near Eferry. A Cabine't Council is sitting at the Elysee. M. Poincare signed a decree declaring France and Algeria in a state of siege. This state will be maintained throughout the war. The German Ambassador in Paris was instructed to demand his passports, and France similarly instructed M. Cambon at Berlin. The male population of Paris between the ages of twenty and forty-five is rapidly disappearing. Many shops and business houses are closed. The following changes have been made in the Ministry:—M. Auganeur takes the Ministry of Marine, M.. Barrant becomes Minister of Instruction; and M. Doumergue Minister of Foreign Affairs, leaving M. Vivani to direct the Government without portfolio. Great Britain's firm word in regard to the protection of the North Sea and the Channel has largely removed the general anxiety. Two hours before the German Ambassador's departure, the American Consul took possession of the German Embassy.

IN NEW ZEALAND.,. THE KING'S MESSAGE. THE PEOPLE'S EEPLY. ("From our own Parliamentary Reporter.] WELLINGTON, August 5. ; The news to-day that His Excellency the Governor (the Earl of Liverpool) would make a proclamation from the steps of Parliament Buildings spread like wildfire through the city, and the result was that by the hour appointed there were some 12,000 people gathered in front of the library entrance. The scene was a most impressive one. In a message earlier in the day it was said that the fact that the people were being called together did not involve a declaration of war, but all knew that the matters to be dealt with were of grave import to the Empire. The news that war had actually broken out, received by his. Excellency after he had announced his intention of making the proclamation at 3 o'clock, caused a deep sensation, but the attitude of the people seemed to be one more of relief than of anxiety. The bursts of cheering and demonstrations of patriotic fervour created a great impression, and the whole scene will live long in the memory of those who witnessed it. THE PROCLAMATION. His Excellency, who was received with cheering, said:—Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Subjects,—l have received some telegrams and I shall read them to you very slowly. I am commanded by his Majesty the King to read you the following message:— "I desire to express to my people of the overseas Dominions with what appreciation and pride I have received, the messages from their respective Governments during the last few days. These spontaneous assurances of their fullest support recall to me the generous self-sacrificing help j given by them in the past to the Mother Country. I shall be ened in the discharge of ttie great -responsibilities, which rest upon me by the confident belief that in this time of trial my Empire will stand united, calm, resolute, trusting in God. "—(Signed with the King's own ha#d.) '*■■■■ , "To that message," continued his Excellency, "I have sent the following*<®s2L'r- \

" 'New Zealand desires me to acknowledge yotir Majesty's gracious message, and to say come good or ill, she, in common with the Dominions and other dependencies of the Crown, is prepared to make any , sacrifice to maintain her heritage and ■ h<?r birthright.' (Cheers.), . '' Fellow subjects, since I sent out "that notice to you this morning, I have got another telegram to read to you. I will read it. It is very short: — " 'War has broken out with ; Germany. ' ' * (Cheers.) - THE PRIME MINISTER. The Prime Minister (the Rt. Hon. W. F. Masaey) then addressed the immense assemblage as follows: — ''Ladies and gentlemen, fellow citizens of the Empire, after the very startling announcement which has been made to you by his Excellency the Governor, I venture to say we are all of one way of thinking: that the British Empire and the British people are to-day face to face with the most serious crisis they have ever experienced. This is the most serious crisis in the history of the Empire, and if we are coming through it successfully —and I am confident we shall come through successfully—(cheers) —then we must take notice of the very earnest advice contained in the last sentence of the message from his Majesty the King, which has just been repeated to you by his Excellency the Governor: —The British people must stand together, 'calm, united, resolute, trusting in God.' lam glad to say, ladies and gentlemen, that is the. feeling that obtains td-day, not only in New Zealand, but in every part of the Empire and in consequence the British people are able to-day tq, present a united front to their enemies. "So far as New Zealand is concerned, it has done its duty on every occasion when the Empire required its assistance and it will do its duty on the present occasion, and in a whole-hearted manner. That we shall be called upon to make sacrifices goes without saying, but I am confident that these sacrifices will be made individually and collectively, willingly, and in a manner worthy of the very highest traditions of the great race to which we belong. "Our first duty is to do everything we. possibly can to protect our country} and at the same time do everything we possibly can to assist the Empire, and when we have done all that mortal man can do the rest must be left to a higher power —to Him who watches over Israel and who slumbers not nor sleeps! "My message to you, the citizens of new Zealand, at the most trying moment of the history of the Empire, is this: Keep cool, stand fast, do your duty to your country and your Empire. '' A voice: We will do that. Mr Massey: I am sure you will. (Cheers.) LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION. The Leader of the Opposition (Sir Joseph Ward) followed. He said: — "I want to say that I believe firmly that out of evil good will arise. Everyone recognises the horrors of war. The time arrives in the affairs of nations as of individuals when they must fight in the defence of honour and for their existence, when the blessings of peace have to be foregone, and all the grief that the sacrifice of human life entails has to be borne with fbrtitude and resignation. The loss of treasure will be stupendous, but that is a secondary consideration.

'' The British Empire is entering upon the greatest crisis in her history. Her rulers have done nothing to provoke or precipitate the war; on the contrary they have done all humanly possible to avert it. It was impossible, in my opinion, for Great Britain to stand aside and to let powerful friendly nations go on without her taking part; to have done so would have been an act of cowardice, a thing unknown to Britishers. The people in all parts of the Empire at this grave juncture will stand united and with undoubted courage and inflexible determination leave nothing undone to defeat the enemy, which I earnestly pray, under the guidance of Divine Providence, may soon be brought about and that the outcome of the unprecedented struggle may ensure lasting peace through the centuries to come.

"My motto is 'For King and Country,' and it will be fervently breathed by the loyal people of this Dominion as it will be throughout our widely scattered Empire. May God bless and protect the British forces on land and sea, and make them victorious is my earnest prayer." Another verse of the National Anthem was sung, and further cheers were given before the gathering dispersed.

THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE. ENTHUSIASM IIT THE HOUSE. When the House of Representatives resumed after the reading of the Governor's proclamation, it proceeded to the most important business as far as the war is concerned in its directly affecting New Zealand. It was to pass a motion empowering the Government to mobilise an expeditionary force to be sent for service abroad. i There was tense excitement in the I House. The public galleries were 'crowded, and round all the available doors stood people anxious to hear New Zealand's part in the crisis fully explained. After expressing the view that members were not in the mood to proceed with ordinary business, Mr Massey asked for a few minutes in which to prepare a most important resolution. PEEMIEE'S MOTION. The Prime Minister (Hon. W. F. Massey) moved: That in view of the fact that Great Britain has become involved in war with Germany, this House approves of the necessary steps being taken by the New Zealand Government to have in readiness an expeditionary force. '' It will be recollected'' said Mr Massey, "when I was dealing, with this subject yesterday, I quoted a message from the Imperial authorities to the New Zealand Government in which they expressed the opinion that the expeditionary force which had been offered, subject to the approval of Parliament, was not necessary 'at present,' and I called attention to the significance of the two words, which seemed to indicate they might be required in the not far distant future. I don't say that stage will come, but we have to be prepared, and to-day the following message came along: Though there seems to be no immediate necessity for any request on our part for an .expeditionary force, I think your Ministers would be wise, in view of their generous offer, to take all legislative and other steps by which they would be able to provide without delay such a force in case it should

afterwards be required. . '"'l feel," continued Mr Massey, '' that a serious responsibility rests upon the Government and myself in connection, with, this; motion,. But we have our duty to the country and to the Empire, and jjt is quite possible that such an expedi-

tionary force, as is suggested here, will be. required by the Imperial Government. So far, no definite steps have been taken with regard to the organisation of the force. " The motion requires very little elaboration of explanation. lam quite certain it is understood by every member. I agree thoroughly with the opinion expressed by someone yesterday that this is a time for action rather., than speech making. MOBILISATION TO PROCEED. '' What we propose is to mobilise part' of the Territorials. I am unable to say at present exactly how many—probably 7000 or 8000—but we shall ask them to volunteer for service here or abroad. When they volunteer they will volunteer on the clear understanding that their services may be required whether in India, Egypt, on the Continent of Europe, no one can tell. But that must be perfectly clear. My own opinion is that in the case of the services of the expeditionary force being accepted they will be required to take the place of regulars in some place where garrison duty is required. That is my own opinion. I may be absolutely wrong. But even if they are required at the front I feel absolutely certain they will give as good an account of themselves as they did in the dark days of the South African war. —(Cheers.) NUMEROUS VOLUNTEERS. "After my experience of the last few days, I am in a position to say there will not be the slightest difficxilty in obtaining any number required. I have had scores of letters and telegrams, and so has the Minister for Defence, from every part of New Zealand from .men who are willing and anxious to volunteer for service anywhere they may be required. THE MAORIS. | "So far as the Native race are conI cerned, I know that if we wanted them many thousands of young fellows of the Native race are anxious to fight for their country and empire, either here or anywhere else. —(Cheers.) In saying that I ant aware that the Imperial regulations may prevent any of the Maori race from taking service abroad. lam afraid that is the case, but there is no reason why their services should not be utilised in the country of their birth. PEACE WITH HONOUR. '' I don't think it is necessary to say more in support of the motion. I feel certain that the motion will commend itself to every member of the House. — (Cheers.) I feel certain that it will be agreed to unanimously. As I said when I was speaking this afternoon, we have arrived at a very serious crisis, not only in the history of this country, but in the history of the Empire. We are all anxious for peace. We all detest war. But we don't want peace unconditionally. We don't want peace at any price. We want peace with honour, and I hope, and believe, that this war —the unfortunate war which has just broken out —will not last long, and I believe that within a few months the Imperial authorities will be able to announce to us that peace with honour obtains right through the British Empire." MORAL EFFECT OF THE OFFER. Sir Joseph Ward said: —"Sir, this is a time when there is no room for division of opinion upon an important proposition of this kind. It is in times of strife and difficulty when a practical offer of assistance —even though it may not be required —is valued, and this will be valued not only on account of the prowess of men who volunteer to go, but on account of the moral effect it will have in every portion of the world. It will be realised what a widely scattered Empire we belong to. This is a time when the sentiments so well expressed by the Monarch will be fully appreciated. It is only by solidarity in spirit and in deed that we can hoj;>e to make our position felt on the Continent. "As far as I am concerned, whatever arrangement the Government decides to make in connection with the dispatch of an expeditionary force will receive loyal and effectual support, as I am quite sure it will receive support from every member of the Party. (Cheers.) I 'recognise that all forces sent from this country are voluntary. I realise that the expeditionary force will-be created by the free will of the individuals who go abroad or fill the ranks here to enable the Territorials to be dispatched to other parts of the Empire. I also recognise that whatever the number required, that number will be over-subscribed by loyal and devoted men who are not jingoists—not anxious to participate in war—but who desire to uphold the prestige and dignity of the Empire to which we are all so proud to belong." (Cheers.) The motion was carried unanimously. IN THE COUNCIL. A sitting of the Legislative Council was held at 4.45 p.m., when an au- [ nouncement regarding the situation was made by the Hon. 11. D. Bell, Leader of the Council. Mr Bell read the cablegrams which had passed between his Majesty the King and his Excellency the Governor. He then asked hon. members to join with the House of Representatives in passing the resolution, agreeing to the necessary steps being taken by the New Zealand Government to send an expeditionary force to the aid of the Mother Country if required. He mentioned that an expeditionary force was offered, and that,- in reply, the Government had been informed that at present the expeditionary force was not demanded; but that a further message had been received, in which it was stated that his Majesty's Government asked that the Government and people of New Zealand should be in readiness if •their services were called upon. The motion was enthusiastically carried. In moving the adjournment, the Hon Mr Bell said he proposed to ask the council to agree that, on each day of the 'week when it sat and when it had con-! eluded its business, the Speaker should { state that he would resume the chair oh the ringing of the ball, and that the council's work of the day should not be concluded until a quarter to ten each evening. At that time, the Hon Mr Bell stated, they would probably be in a position to know whether the House of Representatives required their assistance .for "immediate legislation, or whether it anticipated that its adjournment would be to a time later in the day than 2.30 p.m.

THE DOMINION FORCE. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE. DEFENCE DEPARTMENT'S INSTRUCTIONS. The following notification was issued by the Defence Department last night: '- In the event of ; its being decided to organise a field force for service within the Dominion, the following instructions will be adhered to:— ~ ' COMPOSITION. * , to jqia the field force

will be received from volunteers under the following categories in the order named: —• (a) The Regiment of Royal New -Zealand Artillery. The New Zealand Staff Corps. The New Zealand Permanent Staff. (b) Territorials now serving over 20 years of age, including those on the Unattached Lists A and B. (c) The Territorial Reserve. (d) Failing a sufficient supply of volunteers from these sources, applications from others with previous military experience, between the ages of 20 and 35 years of age, will be entertained. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE. Every volunteer must clearly understand the conditions of such service, which are —to serve within the Dominion or beyond it for the duration of the war, and in the latter case for such longer period as is required to convey the troops home. He will be subject to military law from the time of enrolment till regularly discharged. ACE. No one will be included in the force who has not reached the age of 20 years. Preference will be given to single men. MEDICAL EXAMINATION. Before being accepted all ranks will be required to undergo medical examination. This examination will be conducted by an officer of the New Zealand Medical Corps. No one will be accepted whose height is under Oft 4in, and whose weight exceeds 12 stone, except in special cases. PAY AND ALLOWANCES. Of all ranks will be at the rates paid to the New Zealand Territorial Force when in camp. PLACE OF ASSEMBLY. Contingents from various parts of the district will be fully mobilised by the units to which they belong. They will then be concentrated at Christchurch under district arrangements. MODE OF APPLICATION. All applications from volunteers for service with the field force will be dealt with locally, and will be made by those wishing to volunteer through their squadron, battery, and company officers, to their regimental commanders and brigadiers, or through area and group officers. No applications will be entertained at the office of the Honourable Minister of Defence, or at Defence Headquarters, Wellington. GIFTS OF HORSES. The Government will be glad to receive gifts of horses suitable for military purposes for any force that may leave New Zealand. It must, however, be understood that every horse used in the event of the force going abroad -will be the absolute property of the Government, to be used as the Government chooses. The horses of volunteers joining one of the mounted units of the force will remain private property so.long as the force remains in the Dominion; should it leave the Dominion, however, such horses will be valued and purchased by the Government at a price not exceeding £2O. ARTIFICERS AND TRADESMEN. A small number of farriers, saddlers, wheelers, bakers, butchers, and motor car drivers will be required for duty with mounted units and Army Service Corps. TO DEFEND THE DOMINION.

MOBILISATION AKRANG-EMENTS. MAJOR-GENERAL GODLEY EXPLAINS. Press Association. WELLINGTON, August 5. Major-General Sir Alexander Godley, General Officer Commanding the New Zealand Forces, informed a Pressman this evening of the steps being taken to defend the Dominion in the event of a German raid. '' The full strength of the Garrison Artillery," he said, "has been called out and mobilised. The men are now in the forts. Volunteers from the Coast Defence Infantry are being called out to protect vulnerable points. The proportion of the Territorial Force which the Government considers necessary at this juncture has been called out as a volunteer force. The partial mobilisation that the Government has decided upon involves the calling up at each district headquarters of the men required from the various arms, who will only , be accepted on the understanding that they volunteer for service abroad and will be prepared to be utilised for that ' purpose should their services be required later on. Men must volunteer for the arm of the Service to which they now belong, or have belonged.'' "The question of horses," continued the General, "is one in which some difficulty was experienced in connection • with the contingents sent to the last war (in South Africa). Some were privately owned, and complications thus ensued." At the present stage of the partial mobilisation which has been ordered, the men will bring their own horses, which will remain their property, but if there is at any time any question of these volunteers now being mobilised leaving New Zealand, it must be understood that every horse used in the event of horses going abroad will be the absolute "property of the Government, to be used as the Government chooses. The Government will be very glad to receive gifts of horses for the service of those who might leave New Zealand. Horses not presented will be paid for by the Government. THE BEST WAY TO HELP. "Numerous enquiries have been made as to the direction in whi'vrfl help and assistance to the. Government can best be given in the event of a New Zealand force going abroad. As these offers of assistance made by the public will, no doubt increase, it will be useful to have it made known that the following gifts are most suitable: —Horses (as above), riding or half and three-quarter draught horses, motor bicycles, motor cars (a few will be required), saddlery, draught horse harness, grooming kits, blankets, stout serviceable boots of regulation pattern, strong leather j braces and belts, canvas shoes, ancjrclothing, socks, flannel shirts, cardigan vests, towels, handkerchiefs, hold-alls (knife, fork, and spoon), shaving outfits, bootlaces, 'housewives' . (withj thread, button, needles, etc.), hairbrushes and combs, soap, clasp knives, with lanyards, and field glasses. THE NEWS IN CHRISTCHURCH. A QUIET RECEPTION. i The announcement that Britain had declared war on Germany had been too loiig ejected to be received with any-

thing but calm, and a certain sense of relief, perhaps, that definite action had " been arrived at. Everywhere people' discussed the expected and judgef future possibilites, but no excitement was shown. Patriotic feeling was e£ pressed in quiet confidence in Britain's attitude and her ability to bring the war to a satisfactory conclusion.

The more ytraxhfui-part of the ebitf. munity received an opportunity f or " showing its fervour iu the evening. the picture shows portraits of the Kj n ~ and Queen were shown, and on the National Anthem being played the crowds stood-and cheered.

The Cadet Bugle Band drew up opp o . site the King Edward Barracks after a parade of cadets last night, and revival several songs popular at the time of the South African War. A largo crowd gathered, and it grew as the cadets marched through the city streets, the crowd waving flags and singing and, cheering. The procession, whi.-h ereated a good deal of attention along jj- s route, dispersed on returning to the Barracks. There were one or two other isolated demonstrations in the streets, but they were few altogether, aml genorally the popular feeling is quiet.

BUSINESS PATRIOTISM. The directors of the London, Liverpo< , and Globe Insurance Company have issued a notification to their branches throughout the world granting any employee called out for servn-e full leave of absence on full pay, and guaranteeing their positions on return. PRACTICAL PATRIOTISM. A MEETING OF CITIZENS. The Mayor of Christchurch (Mr 11, Holland) is" of opinion that, now England has decided to take her share of the responsibility in the European situation, the time has arrived for all the citizens 6f Christchurch to show their patriotism in a practical manner. With that object in view Mr Holland is calling a meeting of citizens, to be held in the City Council Chambers at 4.::0 p.m. to-day, and he hopes that there will be a very large attendance. THE COMMERCIAL OUTLOOK.

A HOPEFUL VIEW. MR H. D. ACLAND'S OPINION. A timely reference to the new position was made by Mr H. D. Ac-land in the course of his presidential address to the annual meeting of members of |the Employers' Association last evening. Mr Ac land said: — "I hope it will not be considered out of place if I venture to make a few remarks upon the present position in Europe, in so far as it appears to me to affect our. position in New Zealand. "No doubt there may be some financial stringency of a temporary character owing to the cessation of the ilow of capital to New Zealand for public purposes, and it behoves all creditors and mortgagees, at a time such as this, to remember that any panicky acts upon their part are to be deprecated, not only upon patriotic grounds, but for purely selfish reasons. I am confident, however, that no advice is necessary on this point. Upon two previous occasions—namely, in 1908 and 1912 —when the money market has been stringent, the great mass of mortgagees in Xew Zealand acted with great consideration. In my opinion, public, bodies should proceed with their ordinary works, ami any curtailment of necessary labour for necessary works is greatly to be deplored. "Farmers especially who have land already ploughed should consider whether it would not be a very profitable transaction to immediately sowwheat. New Zealand is primarily an exporter of foodstuffs and wool, and the people in Great Britain must be fed and I the people of Europe clothed (especially the soldiers). German and French wool manufacturers are bound to cease work for lack of supplies. "The exports from Russia and .•Siberia of all foodstuffs, such as wiie:it ami butter, and the total export tr.-eie of manufactured goods and ft"-i from France, Germany, and Austria ;.li over the world, must practically r.vise so long as the war continues —and for a long time afterwards. These avenues to Great Britain being closed, there remains only the Urnied States, South America, and the Dominions a- sources of supply. The former country :" 'pares her own food supplies. It is inq .-alive, therefore, upon Great Britain, e, or having been declared with Gema-ny, to retain command of the seas, ano I am confident that she will in tlii- respect maintain her ancient ' Applause.) Invasion of Great Br:: a ! ' ->. v Germany appears to a layman, ai any rate, most improbable. "Under existing eircumsin'a-es it would appear, therefore, that ?m re mast be an enormous demand for our products in Great Britain and elsewhere, So * :,r our meat has not penetrate; to the Continent of Europe, so we aiv losing no market by the war. If the 1 cniiaii ships are shut in the North Sea. all tins southern and western ports ■; <>reat Britain remain practically sate :<> o Jf ships. "Notwithstanding the war. 'h'' r '-™ of the world will "still be deman.liiig manufactured goods, and the orders which have hitherto gone i>> i-reat Britain, the United States of America, and the Continent of Europe oust now go to Great Britain and ih. i'nite-l States only. If my contention is sound, so long as we maintain our nav.-ii supremacy our trade must continue, and those orders that formerly went elsewhere will, by coming to 'Great Britain a" l * its dependencies, cause the British bmpire to bear the burden with ease. "It is not unlikely that history may repeat itself, and the German armies may be clothed and shod with Knghf coats and boots, as were armies in the past, the Berlin decrees to the contrary notwithstanding"l think, therefore, that we ought to look with confidence upon the pieseu situation, not, however, forgetting tna our very Empire and position as a natiou is being assailed." . Mr Acland's remarks were endorsee! by a demonstration of the liveliest ap' preciation.

MOST MOMENTOUS. REFERENCES BY CALEDONIA** SOCIETY. At the monthly concert of the CsJ£' donian Society last evening the v re dint, Mr J. Connal, said the was face to face with a position » known previously in the history or * world. It had not sought the war, d» had been forced into it by Germany action, and., being, loyal to its alhes, * taken the extreme step of decianj war. The occasion was a mostnw^, (Continued on page 10-)